| 1 |
Author(s):
Zubair Azhar Nomi , Muhammad Adnan Sabir Mughal, Rana Muhammad Shahbakht, Baseer Ahmad .
Page No :
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Dairy Dynamics: Modernizing the Farm with Technology
Abstract
Technology made the life of a farmer easy and comfortable by securing his crucial time. Milk production of commercial dairy farms has been increased in recent years due to proper feeding management and good milking practices. The use of technology has also enabled us to figure out the sick animals in order to give prompt treatment and avoid further economic losses.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf, Muhammad Faisal, Farooq Wazeer Khan Niazi, Ali Ahmad.
Page No :
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Overview of Minerals and Vitamins
Abstract
Vitamins and minerals are key for maintaining good health and bodily functions. Vitamins are important for metabolism and are classified into two groups based on solubility: water-soluble vitamins (such as vitamin C and B-complex) and fat-soluble vitamins (including vitamin A, D, E, and K). Water-soluble vitamins aid energy generation and antioxidant defense, while fat-soluble vitamins improve vision, skeletal strength, and the immune system. Mineral elements like calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium are vital for structural support, nerve function, and electrolyte balance. Imbalances in the body can cause conditions like osteoporosis or hypertension. A good diet usually meets these needs, but sometimes extra nutrients are needed. Understanding the importance of these nutrients is crucial for maintaining well-being, preventing deficiencies, and avoiding toxicities. Consulting with healthcare professionals or dietitians can provide expert guidance on customizing nutrient intake for overall wellness. Knowing about vitamins and minerals boosts overall well-being.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Murtaza, Razia Kausar, Muhammad Adil, Bushra Zaidi.
Page No :
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Glimpsing Nature’s Eye Guardians: A Comparative Analysis of the Nictitating Membrane in Birds and Mammals
Abstract
This review examines the nictitating membrane, a specialized third eyelid present in various animal groups, and its relation to the plica semilunaris. It highlights the distinctive features of the nictitating membrane in birds, its sophisticated neuro-muscular mechanism, and its protective role in maintaining vision. Besides this, the study investigates the plica semilunaris of mammals and illustrates its structural complexities, including a cartilaginous base, and its role in clearing foreign particles from the eye. Microscopic analyses of both structures in birds and mammals reveal unique tissue compositions and glandular arrangements, further elucidating their functional disparities. Particularly, the examination underscores the differences in the neuro-muscular apparatus in mammals compared to birds, emphasizing the presence of two distinct mechanisms controlled by different cranial nerves. The study proposes the use of the terms "plica intercipiens" and "cartilage intercipiens" to accurately describe these structures. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of exploring the ontogeny of mammalian structures to understand their morphological distinctions from the nictitating membrane fully. Overall, this review emphasizes the critical need for a comprehensive understanding of the protective eye mechanisms across different animal species, contributing to our knowledge of their evolutionary adaptations and functional significance.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Sehar Razzaq, Muhammad Imran, Komal Tahawar Khan.
Page No :
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Celiac disease-Management through diet and lifestyle changest and
Abstract
Human digestive disease that causes damage to the human small intestine, as a result of which the absorption of nutrients from food is disturbed, which further leads to malnutrition and weight loss. People who are suffering from this disease are not able to tolerate a food protein called gluten. Gluten is a protein that is normally found in food components like wheat, barley, oats, and rye. Normally in the human body, this protein is digested, but in celiac disease patients, these peptides are more resistant to digestive enzymes (GI enzymes), and as a result of this, they reach the small intestine in their undigested form, where they cause certain damage to the intestine.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Haleema Sadia, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Waqas, Khizra Naeem, Imama Nasir, Iqra Hussain, Maqsood Ahmad.
Page No :
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Advance Serological and Molecular Techniques for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease which is prevalent globally. The causative agent of it is Toxoplasma gondii which is an intracellular protozoan parasite .This parasite is important in both medical and veterinary fields. Main route of transmission of disease is eating undercooked meat that contains viable tissues or drinking water and food that has been contaminated by oocysts. More than 60% populations are affected throughout the word with T. gondii. Abortion at third trimester is main clinical sign of disease in both humans and animals. Toxoplasmosis is traditionally diagnosed using etiological, immunological, and imaging techniques. Now-a-days, diagnosis is improved by using serological and molecular testing. Molecular testing amplifies the nucleic acid of parasites. PCR, a molecular technique is used for genetic characterization of T. gondii. Serological testing is the most common method of diagnosing toxicosis. An IgG test is used to determine if a person is infected. An IgM test is used to try to guess how long it will take to become infected, especially in pregnant women. IgM is used in combination with other tests, such as the avidity test. Clindamycin is drug of choice.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Husnain Riaz*, Ali Ahmad, Muhammad Faisal, Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf.
Page No :
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Overview effects of air pollution on human health in Pakistan
Abstract
Air pollution is now a significant worldwide issue, having severe negative impacts on human health and the environment in terms of toxicity. The main contributors to air pollution are industrial processes and motor vehicles, despite the existence of multiple sources of emissions. The World Health Organization states that the main air pollutants include ground-level ozone, particle pollution, carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Airborne toxic substances have harmful effects on human health, causing various toxicological consequences such as respiratory and heart diseases, mental health issues, eye and skin irritation, and even potentially leading to pulmonary issues like cancer. Air pollution poses environmental risks and contributes to various diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, autism, impaired fetal development, and low birth weight, among other health concerns. In this article, we aimed to address the issue of harmful substances in the air, their origins, and the impact they have on human health. We have also provided Pakistan with practical methods to reduce air pollution.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Hasnain Idrees , Muhammad Irfan, Qudsia Akram, Muhammad Bilal Arshad, Muhammad Ahsan.
Page No : 1-2
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Effective use of Breeding Soundness Examination to Maximize Stallion Fertility and Progeny Quality.
Abstract
The breeding soundness assessment (BSE) is essential for stallion fertility and progeny quality. This article examines the BSE's holistic approach. The inspection begins with a thorough review of the stallion's reproductive history and identification. A detailed pedigree examination, breeding records, and reproductive concerns are reviewed. Optimal stallion fertility and high-quality progeny depend on the breeding soundness assessment (BSE). This article highlights BSE's holistic approach, which includes several important aspects. Starting with a thorough stallion reproductive history and precise identification is the analysis's foundation. This includes breeding records, reproductive issues, and pedigree evaluation. BSE entails a complete general physical examination of the stallion to determine its health and conformation. Genitalia and reproductive organs are then examined. Libido and mating behavior are important because a stallion's sexual drive affects breeding success. Semen analysis requires semen collection and assessment. Sperm quantity, quality, and motility are assessed using advanced methods.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael , Shaimaa Hamid Hasan.
Page No : 3-4
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What can you get from your Cat?
Abstract
Cats are considered a significant public health threat and are a major source of infection for several zoonotic diseases including bacterial, protozoal, internal parasites, external parasitic, fungal, and viral diseases. Most of these diseases cause death in humans, as well as cause other serious health problems like abortion, blindness, pruritic, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Therefore, this article aims to mention the main serious zoonotic diseases that are linked between cats and humans and cause health problems and how to reduce their risks in humans.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael .
Page No : 5-6
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Can be Turmeric a Potent Option for Managing and Preventing Diabetes?
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition with several etiologies that necessitate either lifelong medication therapy or lifestyle modifications. The use of herbal supplements in the prevention and management of diabetes has recently been supported by a steadily increasing number of research from scientists. One of the most researched natural compounds in traditional medical treatment is curcumin, although due to its physicochemical properties, it has poor solubility, absorption, and effectiveness. This article aimed to review the use of Turmeric (curcumin) in managing and preventing diabetes. These findings suggest that curcumin may have promise for use in the treatment of diabetes patients.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Abu Bakr Riaz, Husnain Riaz*, Ali Ahmad, Muhammad Shaheryar Ashraf, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 7-8
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Cultural Adaption of Asian Students in China
Abstract
It's wise for more Asian students to choose China for study. Asian students face many challenges when adapting. Effectively managing group projects with Chinese and international students, addressing academic challenges and managing interpersonal relationships. This study examines the adaptation of Asian students in China using Ward's model. The research proposes 9 statements to explore student adaptation to a new environment. To conduct research, individuals from Asia and China, including students and teachers, were interviewed and analyzed. The impact of academic and psychological factors on cultural adjustment of Asian students, particularly language proficiency, personality, and communication skills, is significant. Additionally, other unaddressed factors are relevant. Self-assurance, drive for success, personal worth, and other qualities. We provide valuable guidance to Asian students on integrating into Chinese culture.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Husnain Riaz, Ali Ahmad*, Fatima Feroz, Ahsan Akram, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 9-10
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Improper wastewater disposal and its use for irrigation cause mixed pollutants (organic and inorganic) to enter soil in area of Faisalabad Pakistan
Abstract
Wastewater disposal is a significant concern in Pakistan as it is discharged untreated into open drains, canals, ponds, lakes, and rivers. The city of Faisalabad in Pakistan has a population of over 2 million and is known for its diverse industrial sectors. The wastewater of North Western Faisalabad flows into Paharang Drain, which discharges into the River Chenab. Likewise, the South Eastern areas drain into Maduana Drain, which empties into the River Ravi. Farmers use urban municipal wastewater for agriculture due to its nutrient-rich properties. Most heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in this wastewater enter the food chain during irrigation, causing severe health problems to the consumer. Analyze wastewater contaminations and temporal variations in heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Adil, Hamayun Khan, Nayab, Syed Khalil ud-Din Shah, Abdul Hameed Shakir, Muhammad Adil.
Page No : 11-12
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Trypanosomiasis (Surra) in camels of Pakistan, a mini review
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions of the world, camels are an essential multipurpose animal. The ship of the desert is being used for transportation, meat production, wool, and hides production while milk is also a very valuable product concerning nutritious and economical importance. The single-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) also known as the Arabian camel is the most common camel found in Pakistan. Trypanosomiasis, perhaps the most dangerous protozoan illness affecting camels, is caused by Trypanosoma evansi, also known as "Surra", which causes a lot of economic losses as direct or indirect losses. The objective of this mini review of the literature is to identify the comparative prevalence of Trypanosomiasis (Surra) in Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), and Balochistan.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Bushra zaidi, Syed Khalil ud-Din Shah, Abdul Hameed Shakir.
Page No : 13-14
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Rabies in the Modern World: Challenges and Prevention Strategies for Human Health
Abstract
Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease, spreading all over the world because of lack of proper control. The discovery of the first vaccine for rabies was done by Louis Pasteur with a desire to abolish or at least control rabies. Despite that, various characteristics of the virulence of rabies are not known. Contemptible or cautious vaccines for animals, in addition to human beings, are also available. Rabies among foxes and raccoons is going to be reduced by the use of vaccines. Its awareness is important to know how can we control rabies and how we can protect ourselves from rabid animals. Future research has a significant point on the utilization of animal miniatures to enhance understanding of the pathogenicity of rabies and for the discovery of new medicinal attitudes. Rabies is an infectious disease prevalent in wild animals. Rabies is a viral disease that is spread by infliction or injury by an infected animal. It is a zoonotic disease, which causes irreversible brain damage. The first vaccination was done by Louis Pasteur and after that, the vaccine was practiced. Still, multiple cases are reported in developing and undeveloped countries. Awareness of rabies, control of the wild canine population, and vaccination of pets are key factors in controlling rabies.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Murtaza, Razia Kausar, Muhammad Adil, Hamza Islam, Umair Ahmed.
Page No : 15-16
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Cinnamaldehyde as a Potential Antibiotic Substitute against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria during Antimicrobial Resistant Challenges
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde, found in cinnamon essential oils, has been found to obstruct harmful bacteria both in laboratory experiments and in human food. Conformist antibiotics and antibacterial drugs have been effective in obstructing bacterial infections, but their excessive use has directed the development of resistant bacterial strains. There is a growing issue with bacteria becoming resistant to conformist antibiotics, causing a need for alternative strategies to conflict with antimicrobial resistance. In this context, scientists are looking at natural compounds like cinnamaldehyde, which has potent antimicrobial properties. Additionally, they have successfully developed analogous compounds that exhibit even better efficacy as compared to regular conformist antibiotics. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms through which these compound exert their antimicrobial properties is crucial for making new antimicrobial drugs. This review critically scrutinizes about current state of knowledge concerning these compounds and their mechanisms of action in combating bacterial pathogens. The decisive object is to leverage this information to overlay the technique for the development of innovative and more effective antimicrobial drugs in the future, thereby addressing the emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal*, Sidra Altaf, Ameer Hamza.
Page No : 17-18
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Pongamia Pinnata Plant Used For Biodiesel Production
Abstract
Pongamia pinnata is a multi-purpose tree commonly used in agriculture industry and traditional medicine. The evergreen foliage and high oil content of its seeds (30-40%) make it perfect for producing biodiesel, thus contributing to the advancement of renewable energy. It is highly appreciated for its ability to enhance the fertility of soil function as a windbreak and offer shade in agroforestry due to its nitrogen-fixing properties. Traditional medicine utilizes various components to address illnesses and skin conditions by virtue of bioactive substances such as alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. Pongamia pinnata plays a significant role in the absorption of carbon and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Despite potential for diverse applications, significant challenges remain in seed quality, optimal oil extraction techniques, and biodiesel production. Ongoing research highlights Pongamia pinnata's versatility and its ecological, economic, and medical benefits. This plant offers sustainable solutions for evolving global challenges.
