| 1 |
Author(s):
Hazkeel Ahmed, Asim Shamim, Syed Muhammad ali shah .
Page No :
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Overview of Vaccination Against Babesiosis and Theileriosis
Abstract
Babesia and Theileria are continuously becoming a challenge for livestock. No part of the world is safe from these pathogens. Although some species of cattle like Zebu cattle are resistant to these pathogens, then other species of cattle are being infected by these pathogens, ultimately leading to economic losses in the form of decrease in milk and meat production. The use of vaccines has not given us so much benefit, because these vaccines require the maintenance of cold chain, causing difficulty for eradication of these pathogens from the developing countries, as a result of which exotic breeds are at greater risk of being infected from Babesia and Theileria. spp Moreover, the prevalence of these pathogens is now not only limited to animals, the cases of human babesiosis are also reported in some parts of the world like Europe, developing Babesia as a pathogen of zoonotic importance.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Umar Ayaz Khan, Ali Tamar Khokhar.
Page No :
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EXPLORING THE EFFICACY OF KEROSENE OIL FUMIGATION: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF ITS IMPACT ON THE GROWTH OF MOSQUITO
Abstract
Since mosquito-borne diseases continue to cause serious combination to global public health, participation is important in developing revolutionary and bearable vector control strategies. Using the magnitude of organic materials to reduce mosquito populations, kerosene oil has shown to be an alarming opponent in this quest. This study completely inspects the complicated mechanisms of action, environmental impacts, and a larger hint of kerosene oil fumigant on mosquito growth in many phases.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Haseeb-ullah Farakh, Haseeb-ur-Rehman, Mehmood jafar.
Page No :
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AN OVERVIEW OF CTENOCEPHALIDES FELIS
Abstract
The cat flea is a very small organism but creates a big problem for cat and cat owners. By affecting the health of the cat and their owners. They are very ductile hard and not easy to kill but they will make your life trouble so their control is necessary for the health of both owner and cat. It is not only uncomfortable and distressing for infested animals, but these ectoparasites are also zoonotic risk factors, spreading diseases such as Bartonella and Rickettsia.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Zain Hassan Khan, Muhammad Awais Gishkori, Zain Raza.
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VECTOR ROLE OF PEDICULUS HUMANUS
Abstract
Pediculosis is a worldwide disease that impacts school students. Due to the presence of head to head. Head lice are an economic and social concern whereas body lice pose a more serious public health threat. The head louse, also Known as Pediculus humanus, is a parasitic insect that infects millions of people primarily children.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Umer, Hanan Khan, Shafqat Hameed Ali khan.
Page No :
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AN OVERVIEW OF WATER-BASED PROTOZOANS
Abstract
Water parasites represent a vast group of organisms that grow in aquatic environments and pose significant challenges to global public health. This extension article explores the various microscopic invaders such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Moreover, the global distribution of water-based parasites and associated risks are also described. Understanding how water parasites interact with hosts and the environment is essential for effective prevention and intervention.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Sarmad Hayat, Sameer Akram, Umar Ashfaq.
Page No :
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FASCIOLOSIS IN FARM ANIMALS
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a parasite that effect and lives in the body of cattle and sheep and affect them. This is the cause of fasciolosis in farm animals and cause severe production losses. This is the major cause of production losses; low milk yield and high economic losses for farmers. We must work to control this parasite to reduce the losses.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Esha-tir Razia, Hajra Salman, Sana Mustafa.
Page No :
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The Dark World of Ticks
Abstract
A sneak peek into the world of ticks, more commonly known as blood-sucking parasites. In this article, we’ll discuss various factors of disease transmission in addition to some fun facts about ticks. This is the beginning of your, tick talk!
| 8 |
Author(s):
Eman Shahid, Aiefeen Javed1, Sania Tariq, Kashif Hussain.
Page No :
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Importance of gut microbiota in poultry health and productivity
Abstract
Significant research has shed light on the critical importance of the gut microbiota in promoting poultry health and productivity. This thorough analysis methodically evaluates the current literature for clarity on the several activities performed by the gut bacteria. These roles include their contributions to poultry health, nutrient absorption, and immunological function, highlighting the possibility of modifying them to increase poultry productivity.
| 9 |
Author(s):
HAZOOR BUKHSH, Hazoor Bukhsh , Irfan Fani, Zeshan Ali , Adnan Khan , Muhammad Haroon , Jalal ud Din, Imran Fareed, Ali Khadim, Ahmad Hassan .
Page No :
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CASE REPORT ON ANAPLASMOSIS IN DAIRY CATTLE
Abstract
Anaplasmosis is a tick borne disease of ruminants caused by intracellular bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum that infect the red blood cells causing fever and anemia. We are presenting a case of 6 year old cow (Holstein fresian) having milk production 30L/Day before showing sign and symptoms. On observation she was showing temperature fluctuation ,dull depress ,lethargic,off feed,dehydration , low milk production and pale mucosal membrane was observed. On blood smear formation we observed intracellular bodies suspected Anaplasma centrele. On PCR performation the test was positive. Case was treated with oxytetracycline , imidocarb
| 10 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Usama Bilal, Fahad Khalid Naz, Muhammad Zuhaib Safdar.
Page No :
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SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF MUSCA DOMESTICA
Abstract
This study looks at the mind boggling social way of behaving of Musca domestica, frequently known as the housefly, utilizing the focal point of current innovation. Understanding the social elements of houseflies is fundamental for compelling infectious prevention and nuisance the board, particularly given their developing worldwide populace. We utilize cutting edge innovation, like mechanized dinner conveyance frameworks, conduct examination cameras, and facial acknowledgment observing, to concentrate on the subtleties of housefly conduct. Technology can be used to increase agricultural output and lessen the bothersome effects of houseflies on human environments, in addition to making it simpler to identify individual flies and observe how they behave in groups.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Zahid Fida, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, Irsa Mariam, Ali Raza, Aqsa Sharif, Hiba Abdullah, Ayesha Maqboo, Asad Abbas Raza.
Page No :
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Emergence of Inclusion Body Hepatitis with novel clinical presentation from Southern Punjab-Pakistan
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is a common disease of poultry caused by adenovirus. The disease has no significant signs and it has been remarkably increased in the case ratio in the area near Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur with no coincidence of chicken infectious anemia (CIA) or infectious bursal disease (IBD). The liver was shiny with plastic like appetence along with ecchymosis and petechial hemorrhages. Kidneys were also swollen with atrophied bursa. The disease increased about 3 to 4 folds in the neighboring area.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Jawaad Ahmad Khan, Soban Tariq Khan, Sibghatullah Tariq.
Page No :
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ANISAKIASIS, UNRAVELING THE HIDDEN THREAT LURKING IN SEAFOOD
Abstract
This article is about Anisakiasis which is a parasitic disease brought about by the Anisakis larvae. This larva is usually present in various marine species. We'll talk about the infection's strategy, symptoms, global spread, diagnostic methods, and treatment options in this article. This paper educates people about this infection and focuses on the fundamental handling technique for seafood. We will learn how this infection is linked to allergies and other health conditions in this article. We will various ways to deal with control this contamination in future.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Muhammad Awais Qamar, Muhammad Abdullah, Ukasha Saleem.
Page No :
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An Overview of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), caused by CCHFV virus (CCHFV), poses a serious threat to human health with a transmission cycle involving ticks and vertebrate hosts. This article explores the etiology, epidemiology, and prevalence of CCHF, specifically in Pakistan. The role of Eid-ul-Adha in the spread of the disease was emphasized, and the important interaction between humans and animals during slaughter was emphasized. The zoonotic importance of CCHF emphasizes the need for preventive measures, as ticks play an important role in the transmission of this disease. The article discusses the different sequences of events in the transmission of the disease, the differences between the disease in animals and humans, and the lack of specific treatment. Effective prevention strategies include avoiding contact with infected animals, taking preventative measures, and using tick control. Research and intervention are essential for the control of this zoonotic disease.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Asif Iqbal, Hassan Kamal, Zohaib Ali.
Page No :
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Adaptations and Behaviors in Avian against Parasitic Infestations
Abstract
Given the diversity of birds across the globe combined with the fact that avian life is directly hindered by parasitic infestations, it is evident that avian life forms must have developed certain adaptations and behavioral changes to overcome this biological threat. This article explores the relationship between avian and parasites, and examines the mechanisms utilized by avian to protect themselves against parasites. Foremost, it addresses how bird behavior allows them to manipulate the environment around them to protect themselves against parasitic infections. Next, this article mentions the communal behavioral immunity against parasitic infections. Finally, this article addresses the adaptations in birds that have allowed them to have a selective advantage over parasites.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Saud Siddique, Musa Arshad.
Page No :
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The Lethal Cardiac Invader: Dirofialria immitis
Abstract
In this article will talk about Dirofilaria (D.) immitis locally known as the heartworm. It is a roundworm that primarily affects dogs, cats, and sometimes humans. Once inside a feline or canine, this roundworm lives in the right side of the heart, and pulmonary artery. They interfere with the circulatory system of the animal, the health of the animal, and the overall health of the host. In this extension article, we’ll be looking at the life cycle of D. immitis, its effects on its hosts, how it spreads, how it causes disease, and how it can be prevented in animals.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Okkasha Ejaz, Kashif Hussain, Hafiz ur Rehman, Muhammad Usama, Muhammad Yasir Murtaza, Mahnoor Fatima, Furqan Khalid, Abdullah Sadiq.
Page No :
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Ehrlichia canis with unusual body temperature and abnormal lung sounds
Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, a tickborne disease caused by Ehrlichia canis, poses a significant health risk to dogs. Additionally, the study explores the impact of this alpha-proteobacterium on the hematological parameters of an affected dog, investigating associated risk factors. The case involves a 2.5-year-old mixed breed dog exhibiting clinical signs, such as subnormal temperature, respiratory distress, and abnormal lung sounds. Laboratory tests, including a thin blood smear, confirm E. canis infection. Treatment with oxytetracycline and ondansetron, along with supportive measures, results in a positive prognosis. The discussion emphasizes the unique presentation of subnormal temperature and the successful therapeutic approach employed. The conclusion advocates considering antibiotics, with or without imidocarb, for treating acute and chronic E. canis infections.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Farzana Rizvi1, Aiman Riaz, Mehreen Ishfaq, Muhammad Arbaz Khan1, Razia Kausar.
Page No :
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Infectious bursal disease and significance of aloe vera, moringa oleifera, ginger and garlic extracts supplementation in poultry birds
Abstract
In Pakistan poultry industry is one of the major sectors of agriculture. It has a major contribution of 1.3% to the national GDP. In Pakistan, poultry production started in 1960 at the commercial level. Poultry is a significant source of daily protein for the population. It plays a valuable role in filling the gap between the demand and supply of protein. The poultry industry is the source of employment for approximately 1.5 million people with an investment of 200 billion rupees
| 18 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Sajid Ali, Noor Hassan, Muhammad Saad Rafique.
Page No :
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ROLE OF INSECT IN POLLINATION
Abstract
This extension article will provide you the knowledge about the role of insects in pollination and their contribution to agricultural systems and natural ecosystems. Moreover, it will also explore the relationship between flowering plants and insects. It delves into the procedure employed by many species of insects such as beetles, bees, and butterflies in the pollen transfer. Special emphasis on the important role of insects in pollination, fruit and seed production, and reproduction of flowering plants is given.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Syed Abdullah Gillani, Hassan Abbas, Aleem Asghar.
Page No :
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Understanding Parasites in Milk: A Veterinary Perspective
Abstract
The article investigates the impact of parasites in milk within the subject of veterinary sciences. For instance, protozoa and helminths can debilitate well-being and the keenness of dairy items. We dig into the sorts of parasites found in milk, their impacts on the well-being of consumers, and potential dangers to humans who devour it. Illustrating preventive steps alongside the agreeable efforts that exist including veterinarians, makers, and administrative specialists, this article highlights the requirement for proactive approaches aimed at guaranteeing secure and quality milk generation.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Muhammad Ahmad Yaseen, Ghulam Rasool, Ateeb Imtiaz.
Page No :
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HIBERNATING NATURE OF BEETLES
Abstract
The hard exoskeletons and forewings that serve as protective coverings for their bodies define beetles, which are insects that belong to the Coleoptera order. With over 400,000 species now known, they are immensely varied and range in size from microscopic organisms to larger ones like rhinoceros beetles. When the environmental condition changes beetles enter a state of being temporarily inactive conserving energy and lasting over the period. This process causes a slowdown in metabolic activity and reduces motion.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Ibtsaam-ul-Hasaan, Saud Altaf, Muhammad Asim.
Page No :
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GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN EQUINES
Abstract
Equine trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the class Trypanosoma, poses a critical danger to steeds universally. This theory briefly highlights the effect, clinical appearances, and potential control measures for this weakening infection in equines. This uniqueness highlights the clinical appearances, symptomatic challenges, and potential effects on equine wellbeing. Accentuation is put on the require for viable control techniques and advance investigate to relieve the spread of this parasitic disease in equine populaces. It causes considerable financial misfortunes in animals, particularly in creating countries. Tsetse-transmitted species such as Trypanosoma (T.) equiperdum, T. congolese, T. vivax, and T. brucei are commonly implicated.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Mahpara Safdar, Sameer, Ahmad Farasat, Ayesha Ismail, Mahpara Safdar, Laiba Yameen, Junaid Sattar, Abdullah Ijaz.
Page No :
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Syncope and general body edema in a great dane with heartworm disease
Abstract
This case was presented at mercy pet clinic Lahore Canine heartworm is caused by diroflaria immitis. It is common in tropical areas and spread as a vector by cullicoides. It is major circulatory disease and replicates in the cardiovascular system of primary host. In this particular case, we noticed general body edema increasing in limbs with recurrent syncope. Live, adult heartworm cause direct mechanical trauma and other suspected factors are thought to directly and to stimulate the host immune system. This damage vessel intima, lead into proliferative endarteritis and perivascular cuffing with inflammatory cells including infiltration of high numbers of eosinophils.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Hashim Ali, Muhammad Saud, Hafiz Muhammad Areeb Aslam.
Page No :
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ROLE OF AEDES AEGYPTI IN DENGUE INFECTION
Abstract
Some viral infections are spread by arthropods as Dengue fever which is caused by the Dengue virus. High fever, headache, nausea, joint and muscular aches, and the typical itching and rash on the skin are a few of these symptoms. After infection, symptoms usually appear 3–14 days later. Dengue virus has different strains that do not show cross-reactivity to each other. The route of transmission of the dengue virus is by mosquitoes named Aedes aeygpti. Different factors are involved in promoting dengue infection such as temperature, and rainfall.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Muhammad Ali, Abu Baker Nasir, Saud Iftikhar.
Page No :
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A Talk on Control and Prevention Plans of Bovine Babesiosis
Abstract
Cattle are at risk of bovine babesiosis, which is brought on by parasitic Babesia spread by Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. The disease’s transmission, clinical presentation, and economic consequences are all examined in this article. There is a discussion of various control methods, including immunization, chemoprophylaxis, tick control, and genetic resistance. It is accepted that there are obstacles like vaccine restrictions and resistance to acaricides.
| 25 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Tasaddaq Abbas, Muhammad Sufian Riaz, Muhammad Zeeshan Ali.
Page No :
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PHYSICAL METHODS TO CONTROL TICK BURDEN IN HUMAN AND ANIMALS
Abstract
Ticks are parasites that can practically be present in cracks in your walls or floor. These blood-sucking parasites are not only a nuisance but can cause other conditions like haemoparasites. To keep your animals healthy and free from ticks, it is important to take measures to control tick infestation. In this article, we will explore how we control ticks by physical methods. if you have a tick infestation at your farm you can read this article to learn about the methods you can use to control ticks.
| 26 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Muhammad Israr Tabassum, Muhammad Awais, Mohsin Raza.
Page No :
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NAEGLERIA FOWLERI: UNDERSTANDING AND MITIGATING A RARE AMOEBIC DANGER
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri, belonging to Percolozoa phylum (thermophilic), is an ameboflagellate and eukaryotic, free-living amoeba that is responsible for affecting the nervous system and brain-causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), and sub-acute or chronic granulomatous amebic encephalitis two severe waterborne diseases. This amoeba, belonging to the unique genera of free-living amoebae (FLA), can lead to opportunistic or non-opportunistic infections in humans, affecting the brain, skin, or cornea. N. fowleri is commonly found in lukewarm environments such as lakes, streams, spas, pools, domestic water reservoirs, heating and air conditioning units, and water supplies. It can lead to death within a 10-day cycle. This amoeba doesn't form a cyst inside the body. While water is the primary transmission route for PAM, there's also a potential alternative route through dust.
| 27 |
Author(s):
Asif Iqbal, Mohammad Zain, Muhammad Ahmad Ibrar, Sheraz Khan.
Page No :
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CANTHARIDIN AND ITS TOXICITY
Abstract
Cantharidin is a very vicious and toxic chemical present in all life stages of Blister Beetle. It is used as a last resort in the battle to save Blister Beetle from the predators. Adult beetles kept in isolation for 80-90 days produce different types of cantharidin. Cantharidin shows dermatologic, genitourinary, pulmonary, and other anatomical effects. The male biosynthesizes about 17mg of Cantharidin which is 10% of the live weight of the beettle. The females don't have this compound but receive it from the male while copulation.
| 28 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Muhammad Abdal Ahmed, Roshan ul Hassan, Afif Abdul Rehman.
Page No :
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VECTOR ROLE OF AEDES AEGYPTI
Abstract
Aedes (A.) aegypti is a mosquito that carries various viruses. Viral infections such as dengue fever, yellow fever, zika infection, and chikungunya. The Life cycle of this infected mosquito has four stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult). Larva matures through four instars and the last stage develops into pupa. The viral infection caused by this mosquito has a drastic effect on the world. Extensive preventive measures should be taken to control diseases caused by A. aegypti.
| 29 |
Author(s):
Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Talha Bajwa, Waleed Zulnorain, Abdullah Jan.
Page No :
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DISASTROUS EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
Abstract
The utilization of pesticides has led to devastating outcomes for both the environment and human well-being. This article delves into the diverse adverse effects of pesticides, underscoring their indiscriminate characteristics that negatively affect not only pests but also beneficial organisms. The disruption of the ecological balance is evident in the diminishing populations of vital pollinators like bees and the pollution of water sources and soil. Moreover, the imminent health hazards for humans arising from food residues and exposure underscore the pressing necessity for the adoption of sustainable and conscientious agricultural practices.
| 30 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Asad Mehmood, Huzaifa Mehmood, Kamal Aamir.
Page No :
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EFFECTS OF WEATHER ON INSECTS
Abstract
Manipulation of insect infestations is difficult due to changes in the climate, mainly in hotter climates. The improvement of recent insect species and invasions is due to temperature rise, improved drizzle, and droughts. However, few insects decrease spring infestations as they live in the bloodless climate, and their body doesn’t produce any heat as they may be cold-blooded creatures.
| 31 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Zaryab Abbas, Muhammad Asim , Muhammad Ahmad.
Page No :
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BUGS ON THE HORIZON: THE IMPACT OF ENTOMOLOGY IN FUTURE VETERINARY CHALLENGES
Abstract
For a long time, the field of veterinary sciences has seen a creating affirmation of the influence of entomology on future challenges. This article explores the grouped ways in which unpleasant crawlies, routinely dismissed in veterinary sciences play an imperative portion in the prosperity and well-being of animals. From disease vectors to dietary sources, the crossing point of entomology and veterinary sciences presents novel challenges and opportunities. This article examines the puzzling relationship between entomology and veterinary sciences, shedding light on the potential challenges and openings that will develop in the future.
| 32 |
Author(s):
Asif Iqbal, Syeda Nizalia Haider Zaidi, Irum Nisar, Iram Awan, Hafiza Aiman Rashid.
Page No :
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GLAM AND GRIT: SILENT BATTLE OF LICE IN BEAUTY SALOONS
Abstract
Head lice are tiny wingless wonders, no larger than a sesame seed, and greyish-white in color. They annoy people of all ages but are more common in females than in males. Visiting a salon promises a transformation, but the only real change is an unexpected journey from an unsuspecting client to another who emphasizes the importance of strict hygiene practices. The life cycle is a short but eventful one. Precision is the key in the battle against head lice.
| 33 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Farazia Zafar, Tuqwa Shafiq, Tayyaba Munawar.
Page No :
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WORLD DIES IF BEES DIE
Abstract
Bees are a crucial part of our ecosystem, for human welfare, and economically very beneficial as we get crops and clothes and generate revenue out of bee products. Bees have hairy on them which carry pollen grains to different plants where they produce crops. Around 90% of the world's top crops are visited by bees. It’s seen in ancient history bees were used in many ways in different regions by different people. As the population is increasing there is a need to provide food for the human race, so agriculturists and beekeepers use different pesticides to grow crops in a short time to avoid the food shortage problem. Bees get poisoned by these pesticides and they are decreasing in number day by day which is an alarming situation. To save bees we have to spread awareness and stop clearing land for humans to build industries.
| 34 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael .
Page No :
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Can the use of artificial intelligence reduce antibiotic resistance?
Abstract
Abstract:
The global issue of antibiotic resistance has become a significant concern for the medical community due to the increasing number of infections that are difficult to treat. As a result, there is a growing need for innovative solutions to combat this problem. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered attention as a potential tool for reducing antibiotic resistance. This article aims to discuss the potential impact of AI on antibiotic resistance and examine its effectiveness in addressing this issue. In particular, it will explore how AI can contribute to improved diagnosis and treatment of infections and the challenges and limitations that may arise in its implementation. Ultimately, this article seeks to provide insights into the role of AI in mitigating antibiotic resistance and its potential to shape the future of healthcare. In conclusion, this essay has examined the potential impact of artificial intelligence on the global issue of antibiotic resistance. Through a thorough analysis, it has been established that AI can play a significant role in reducing antibiotic resistance by improving the diagnosis and treatment of infections. However, it is vital to recognize that the implementation of AI in healthcare comes with its own set of challenges and limitations. Nevertheless, the potential benefits of AI in mitigating antibiotic resistance cannot be overlooked, and further research and development in this field are warranted. The use of AI has the potential to revolutionize the approach to combating antibiotic resistance and pave the way for a more efficient and effective healthcare system.
| 35 |
Author(s):
Aqeel Ahmad.
Page No :
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TICK BONE DISEASE IN DOG WITH DELAYED RECOVERY AND PROLONGED CONVALESCENCE PERIOD; an emerging threat of drug resistance
Abstract
This article presents a case of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF) in an 8-year-old spayed Labrador caused by Borrelia turicatae transmitted by Ornithodoros turicata ticks.. The diagnosis, previously reliant on blood smear spirochete detection with limited sensitivity, now benefits from PCR for enhanced accuracy. The case study details an 8-year-old Yorkshire terrier from south central Texas exhibiting clinical symptoms, with laboratory findings indicating thrombocytopenia and spirochetes on blood smear examination. Treatment involved antibody and supportive care, extending beyond the anticipated recovery time. The article concludes by emphasizing the underdiagnosis of TBRF in veterinary practice and the importance of considering it in relevant cases with thrombocytopenia.
| 36 |
Author(s):
Zubair Azhar Nomi, Muhammad Usman, Sana Tu Sehar, Azka Tahir, Kashif Hussain.
Page No :
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Nutrition as Medicine: Enhancing Animal Health and Wellbeing
Abstract
Animal health is dependent on nutrition containing different types of ingredients. Nutrients provide energy, insulation, crucial for reproduction and physiological functions. Animals require feed in whole year so, feed should be free from seasonal effect and from any kind of contamination. Balanced diets help the animals to perform their body functions properly.
| 37 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Abdul Rafay, Muhammad Zeeshan, Zeeshan Miraj.
Page No :
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DENGUE-THE BREAK BONE FEVER
Abstract
Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a disease caused by the RNA genome dengue virus. It has been harming people and animals for over 100 years. It is characterized by a variety of problems, from simple fever to more serious conditions such as hemorrhagic fever. This article explains the definition, basic introduction, transmission, symptoms, prevention, and control of dengue fever.
| 38 |
Author(s):
Asif Iqbal, Shuja-ud-Din Mughal, Muhammad Zohaib Irshad, Muhammad Nouman Sajjad.
Page No :
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CONTROL OF LICE IN CATTLE
Abstract
Lice is a small insect that lives in the hair, skin, and fur of animals. Cattle lice stated that it affects milk production and weight gain. In recent years, awareness of skin infestation caused by lice has emerged. Lice control requires many factors including veterinary care, animal control, and environmental management. As a treatment, pyrethroids, organophosphates, macrolides, fipronil, and imidacloprid may be used. While a long-acting solution is the elimination of nymphs. Other treatments need to be applied every 7 to 10 days until the disease is controlled.
| 39 |
Author(s):
Tabassam Fatima, Muhammad Zaid, Shahzaib Khawar, Hassan Fayyaz.
Page No :
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GIARDIA LAMBLIA: SMALL ORGANISM WITH A BIG IMPACT!
Abstract
In this article we discuss about the intestinal parasites known as giardia lamblia. This is small in size but have big effect on human as well as in animals. Proper treatment and prevention is applied to limits it’s influence on human and animal health.
| 40 |
Author(s):
Saba Mehnaz, Saad Liaqat, Salman Nadeem, Sajawal Mehmood.
Page No :
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IMPACT OF SUNLIGHT ON PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES
Abstract
In this extension article effect of UV light on parasites and other microorganisms will be discussed. The host's defense mechanism is greatly affected when it is exposed to sunlight because it enhances vitamin D production levels, which eliminates the barriers. Nonetheless, some species of parasites have developed a solar-resistant defensive mechanism initiating concurrence for supplies. This extension article reveals how this vector-based behavior can be influenced by UV rays and how this behavior influences the worldwide dissemination of infectious conditions like malaria and dengue fever.
| 41 |
Author(s):
Farzana Rizvi, Muhammad Shahzad Shafiq, Muhammad Zulqarnain Shakir, Muhammad Wasim Usmani.
Page No :
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Role of Livestock in Global Food System
Abstract
Livestock plays a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of the global food system, serving as a cornerstone for human nutrition, economic livelihoods, and cultural practices across diverse societies. As integral components of agriculture, livestock, including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry, contribute significantly to the world's food security by providing an essential source of protein, essential nutrients, and a variety of by-products
| 42 |
Author(s):
Amina Yaseen, Asad Manzoor, Muhammad Imran, Urooj Shehzadi.
Page No : 3-4
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Emphysema or Chronic Bronchitis
Abstract
COPD is a disorder which involves certain phenotypes, the continuum of which remains under noticed. COPD will be third leading cause of death worldwide. The most important risk factor is the active smoking, but other factors also under noticed such as occupational factors, some infections and the role of air pollution. Country, age and sex ratios change its prevalence rate. Age and smoking are common risk factors and illnesses, leading COPD patients to demonstrate multiple coexisting comorbidities.
| 43 |
Author(s):
Maryam Ehsan, Rao Zahid Abbas , Muhammad Imran.
Page No : 6-7
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Epidemiology of scurvy linked with ascorbic acid
Abstract
Scurvy is a nutritional disorder caused by a severe deficiency of ascorbic acid, a water-soluble vitamin. The human body is incapable of producing ascorbic acid also known as Vitamin C, due to the lack of L-gulonolactone oxidase, i.e, an essential enzyme required for the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Scurvy was discovered by pirates and British sailors for the first time. This leads to cutaneous skin lesions, swollen and bleeding gums, corkscrew hairs, hemorrhage, poor wound healing and blood vessel fragility. Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables can head off this condition. This review highlights the chemistry, sources, mechanism of action of ascorbic acid, and the history, consequences, and prevention of scurvy.
| 44 |
Author(s):
Zubair Azhar Nomi, Aroob Akram, Muhammad Sheraz Zaffar, Shahid Ali Rajput, Baseer Ahmad.
Page No : 9-10
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Poultry Farm Automation: Enhancing Efficiency and Reducing Labor Dependency
Abstract
The poultry sector upgrade day-by-day due to automation and innovation in industry. Poultry industry play a crucial role by offering egg and meat. The automated systems have been generated for various tasks including egg collection, waste removal, lighting control, and health monitoring. These advancements not only streamline operations but also contribute to improved hygiene and disease prevention. The automation in poultry farming leads to enhanced productivity, reduced manual labor, and a more sustainable and efficient industry. The robotic system controls the water and feeding system along with the assistance in egg collection. Labor dependency is decreasing due to implementation of modern technologies. Mortality rates are also decreasing in the output of climate control and waste management.
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Author(s):
Abdul Samad, Rameen Atique , Areesha Naveed , Javeria Sharif , Hafiza Arshi Saeed, Ayesha Haidar.
Page No : 20-21
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Salmonella in food; Contamination, Food Safety Regulations, and Emerging Methods for Protection
Abstract
This abstract is a summary of contamination and the presence of Salmonella in various food products. Salmonella poses a major concern to public health as it causes foodborne diseases. Salmonella is a gram-negative bacterium that causes salmonellosis. This pathogenic bacterium is normally present in raw meat, eggs, unpasteurized milk, and other food products. Salmonella induces contamination in food during production, refining, handling, and storing. Insufficient hygiene, cross-contamination, and improper cooking of food leads to the stretch of Salmonella. These foodborne pathogens can easily transmit through polluted food or water, entering the host through the fecal-oral route and residing in the small intestine where they can cause infection. The infection leads to the symptoms of nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. To prevent the growth and accumulation of Salmonella, food safety guidelines are encouraged that minimize contamination by proper handling and cooking of food. Several strains of Salmonella have become tenacious in the environment, so new technologies have materialized for its control. These techniques include mainly bacteriophage therapy and high-pressure processing. Additionally, prebiotics, probiotics, phytobiotics, and antibiotics are used as conceivable sources to inhibit Salmonella in food products. Due to the excessive use of antibiotics against Salmonella species, they have become multiple drug-resistant bacteria. To mitigate the hazard of Salmonella contamination, the public should be aware of it and practice good hygienic measures. Food protection laws should be regulated to execute good agricultural methods, accurate storage and carrier of food derivatives. These strategies help us lessen bacterial pathogens’ (Salmonella). Besides this, many alternative techniques contribute to the steady investigation to control Salmonella and amplify food safety globally.
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Author(s):
Samran Ahmad, Muhammad Sohaib Tahir, Muhammad Shehroz Sarfraz, Muhammad Mudassar Javed, Abdullah.
Page No : 22-23
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Epidemiology, Pathogenic Mechanism, Treatment Approaches, Prevention and Control Strategies
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral zoonotic disease. Various domestic and wild animals serve as reservoir host. It infects humans by tick bites or handling of infected live infected stock. CCHF is found in many countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia with case fertility rate of more than 30% in many regions. It was initially identified in the Crimean region of Russia in 1944 later in the Congo basin in 1967, and its first case in Pakistan was reported in 1976 in Rawalpindi. It is highly infective virus and have no specific treatment usually affecting host immune system making it susceptible to many other diseases. Many supportive treatments are used for its treatment like ribavirin, monoclonal antibodies and some corticosteroids. The main ways to prevent CCHF are to maintain hygiene practices. The main purpose of this review is to develop better understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention of CCHF virus as it is a serious zoonotic disease from past two decades and there is no appropriate animal model to study the disease.
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Author(s):
Shizra Imtiaz Toor, Dr. Rao Zahid Abbas, Dr. Zohaib Saeed.
Page No : 28-29
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“Hidden Helpers: The Use of Parasite for the Benefit of Humanity”
Abstract
Abstract:
Although parasites have a bad reputation and are frequently viewed as potentially hazardous animals, their importance to ecosystems and potential advantages to their hosts have been underappreciated. But parasites aren't always nasty. Some of them may even be highly advantageous to humans, animals, and other living things. In this article, the beneficial effects of parasites are reviewed, emphasizing their ecological importance and benefits. It addresses several facets of how parasites can be advantageous, from regulating pest and disease populations towards affecting host evolution and acting as disease biomarkers. The article also discusses the ethical concerns of utilizing parasites for medical treatment and other possibilities.
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Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael , Barhav Issa Abdullah, Soleen Azad Sultan.
Page No : 42-43
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The Health Benefits and Potential Effects of Daily Ginger Consumption
Abstract
Ginger, a widely utilized spice and medicinal herb, has gained recognition for its potential health benefits when incorporated into daily diets. This article provides an overview of the numerous positive effects of ginger consumption on the human body, encompassing its impact on digestive health, anti-inflammatory properties, immune system support, potential weight management, heart health, anti-nausea effects, and potential benefits for brain health. While daily ginger consumption offers a range of health advantages, caution regarding excessive intake and considerations for individual health circumstances are crucial. Integrating ginger into one's diet presents an opportunity for enhancing overall well-being, but moderation and informed consumption remain key aspects for harnessing its potential benefits safely.
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Author(s):
Mohammad Faizan Khan, Lubna Anjum, Razia Kausar, Farzana Rizvi.
Page No : 44-45
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Waterborne Diseases in Animals
Abstract
This article discusses the critical importance of clean water sources for animals, focusing on cows, buffaloes, and goats. It highlights the various waterborne diseases that can affect these livestock species due to contaminated water sources. Some of the diseases mentioned include Leptospirosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Mastitis, Salmonellosis in cows; Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, and respiratory infections in goats; and Mastitis, reproductive issues, Leptospirosis, Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), and enteric infections in buffaloes. To ensure the well-being and performance of these animals, it is crucial to maintain clean water sources. The article offers practical tips, such as planning the location of water troughs, covering them to prevent contamination, and regular cleaning to avoid the buildup of algae and contaminants. Clean and unrestricted access to fresh water is essential for the overall health and productivity of livestock.
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Author(s):
Ameer Hamza , Abdul Rauf , Moaz Ghaffar, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Siddiq, Waleed Akram.
Page No : 46-47
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Essential Oils: An Effective Antimicrobial Therapy in Bovine Mastitis
Abstract
Mastitis is termed as the inflammation of the udder and is most common in dairy animals nowadays. Many pathogens are involved in causing mastitis but Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen which is also the main etiological agent of many respiratory and skin infections in humans. The most commonly used treatment of mastitis is the use of antimicrobials against infectious microbes which is the main reason for antimicrobial residues (AMR) because pathogens may have developed resistance against them. Depending upon the recent literature, this conclusion can be withdrawn that use of essential oils is free of public health risks and may prove good alternative to antimicrobials in the control of bovine mastitis.
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Author(s):
Ahmad Jamal.
Page No : 52-53
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Novel Approaches in the Field of Cancer Medicine
Abstract
This study offers a thorough analysis of the most recent developments in cancer treatment, looking at the revolutionary terrain created by immunotherapies, targeted medicines, and precision medicine. The article delves into the complexities of precision medicine and emphasizes how it might transform cancer therapy by customizing approaches according to each patient's genetic profile. It also explores the novel field of immunotherapy, in which the immune system of the body functions as a powerful ally in the fight against cancer. The investigation delves into targeted medicines, revealing how these specific attacks on cancer cells are changing the landscape of therapeutic strategies. When taken as a whole, these developments promise lower side effects, more effectiveness, and a patient-centered approach to cancer therapy. This article provides a roadmap to the cutting edge of cancer medicine by providing insights into the developing approaches that have the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer therapy.
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Author(s):
Samra Bashir, Ahmad Ali, Samra, Laiba Manzoor, Ayesha Latif, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 58-59
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Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, risk factors, and treatments against humans
Abstract
The pathogenicity of Klebsiella pneumoniae is discussed in this paper in both community and hospital settings. The purpose of this study is to determine the most prevalent cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and K. pneumoniae risk factors. Multiple locations, including the brain, urinary tract, circulation, wounds, and operative sites, are infected by Klebsiella species. People with pre-existing medical issues are more susceptible to these illnesses. K. ppneumoniae is becoming a major pathogen of concern on a global scale because of the increasing prevalence of carbapenem resistant strains and hyper-virulent. It is crucial to comprehend the risk factors and available therapeutic options for multidrug-resistant Klebsiella infections. This study focuses on K. pneumoniae infections, pathogenicity, risk factors, and prevention strategies against pneumonial infections to emphasize serious threat posed by this bacteria and the existing alternatives for treating Klebsiella-related disorders. It is essential to have a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae infections as they become increasingly challenging to treat due to antibiotic resistance and hypervirulent forms of the bacteria.
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Author(s):
Muhammad Haidar Farooq Qureshi, Jahanzaib Hassan, Ayan Attique Dar, Adnan Arshad, Asher Waheed, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 62-63
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Chlamydial infection in avian and wild birds
Abstract
Avian chlamydiosis is an immensely neglected disease with significant zoonotic potential. The causal agent, Chlamydia psittaci, infects most types of companion animals, birds, livestock, and humans. It has several hidden characteristics and epidemiological features that set it apart from other microbial agents. Recent reports of equine-to-human transfer have frightened public health officials, emphasizing the significance of routine screening for this deadly disease. The presence of the illness in wild birds, poultry and pet birds causes financial damage to the pet bird and poultry industries. Interestingly, there is conjecture that the 'legal' and 'illegal' bird trades may be the worldwide sources of some of the pathogen's most pathogen strains. The bacteria that causes infection lives inside cells, which complicates the diagnosis and makes it difficult to get an exact diagnosis. Only a few pathogens in the Chlamydiaceae family have been reported to be resistant to antibiotics, but systematic screening may be able to determine how things really stand with all pathogens. The pathogen's diversity makes it necessary for the One Health connections to have a thorough grasp of the organism. The current review focuses on the zoonotic aspects of the disease. The review also provides a concise overview of the fundamental concepts and intricate epidemiology of avian chlamydiosis, emphasizing the importance of further study into new one-health perspectives.
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Author(s):
Muhammad Irfan, Kashif Prince, Zain Ali, Raheel Mubarik, Numan Hassan, Muhammad Moiz Munawar, Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Aqib, Jannat Gohar.
Page No : 64-65
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Novel Treatment Approach of Inclusion Body Hepatitis Coinfected with E. coli in Backyard Poultry
Abstract
In October 2023, a study was conducted to investigate an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in 100 desi birds (GOLDEN MISCRI) at Chak 88 Hasilpur Punjab, Pakistan. Secondary bacterial infection of Escherichia coli was observed after IBH. Birds were being reared in the backyard with the history of Newcastle disease vaccination. The flock experienced 1% mortality between the 11th and 12th week of age. Birds were treated for E. coli. Birds were found anorexic, dull, and depressed, with ruffled feathers, anemic comb, and wattles with yellow mucoid droppings. After the treatment, mortality was raised to 3%. Post-mortem investigation revealed straw-colored transudate in the pericardial sac, swollen kidneys, splenomegaly, hemorrhagic foci on the liver, hepatomegaly, cheesy white material on the liver, and edematous liver. IBH and E. coli were diagnosed based on clinical signs and postmortem findings. Birds were treated for the viral infection after stopping the anti-bacterial treatment and birds started feeding with reduced mortality. We observed that in poultry mix infection of IBH and E. coli if viral infection is covered first by supportive therapy and then treated for bacterial infection showed better results.
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Author(s):
Muhammad Faisal, Khalil Ahmad, Abid Ali, Tasawar Iqbal*, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 66-67
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Plants used for the Treatment of Wild Animals Disease
Abstract
Wild animals have intricate relationships with plants, using them for their health and medical needs. This article delves into the complex relationship between wild animals and plants as it relates to the management of diseases. Various animals, including chimpanzees and butterflies, exhibit self-medication behaviors by ingesting certain plants to fight infections or ward off parasites. Zoopharmacognosy highlights the complex relationships between the plant and animal kingdoms, showcasing the intricate connections within the natural world. The possible healing qualities of plants, their ability to regulate parasites and their impact on the general health and wellness of wildlife. Understanding the importance of these interactions is crucial for preserving wildlife and underscores the necessity for ongoing research to understand the complexities of plant-animal relationships in the context of disease ecology.
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Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf*, Muhammad Saleem .
Page No : 68-69
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Platelet Membrane Coated Drug Delivery System
Abstract
Platelet membrane-encased drug transport systems are a highly promising method for delivering drugs precisely and efficiently, offering multiple benefits when compared to conventional drug delivery systems. This method consists of applying a layer of platelet membrane to a central material. By doing so, it provides numerous benefits including the potential to enhance the effectiveness of drugs, decrease negative reactions, and improve the stability and availability of the medication. This article gives a thorough summary of the progress and utilization of these systems, along with the latest research patterns, difficulties, and potential future pathways. The ongoing exploration and progress of these systems hold great promise in revolutionizing targeted medication administration and enhancing patient results.
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Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf*.
Page No : 70-71
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Overview of Pink Eye Infection (Conjunctivitis)
Abstract
Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, pertains to the inflammatory process occurring in the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids as well as the outer surface of the sclera, providing a protective barrier and lubrication to the ocular surfaces. Conjunctivitis exhibits its effects across all age groups in the population. Conjunctivitis frequently presents with ocular redness and exudate. Conjunctivitis can be attributed to various etiological factors, encompassing infections, allergies, or the presence of foreign bodies within the ocular apparatus. Not all instances of red eyes can be attributed solely to conjunctivitis. This review analyzes conjunctivitis subtypes' presentations, diagnostics, and interventions. This method helps prevent medicalization of the ailment by reducing the need for further consultations and discouraging unnecessary antibiotic use, potentially delaying the identification of other serious red eye conditions.
