Paper for Issue

Parvo: The Bloody Virus

Abstract

The lives of our beloved canine companions are often cut short when a lethal virus named canine parvovirus type 2 attacks them. This virus mainly attacks the gastrointestinal system of the dogs and produces bloody diarrhea leading to dehydration, emaciation, hypovolemic shock, and ultimately death. Besides the gastrointestinal system, it can also target other systems. Having no successful antiviral medicine commercially available makes its treatment difficult and leaves the infected animal at a 50% chance of survival.

Plastics Supremacy

Abstract

Plastic is everywhere on the planet Earth. There is a wide range of products that contain plastic materials in their composition. The vital reason behind the wide range of plastic products lies under characteristic properties of this material such as flexibility under pressure, resistance against acid, low weight along with low cost. Thousands of marine species suffer and fight for their lives because of all this plastic that is used and then disposed of in the oceans. At the end of the food chain, it affects the humans that consume fish.

How to prevent and control flea infestations in cats

Abstract

Fleas are generally obligate ectoparasites having complex life cycles and live on the blood of the host. Common outcomes of flea infection include loss of blood, allergy, irritability, and transmission of diseases associated with bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Various studies have been done regarding the control and treatment of cat flea infestations. In this article, different ways to control fleas in cats including biological control, chemical control, vaccination, and herbal control methods have been discussed

Role of Probiotics in Poultry Production

Abstract

Chicken has the highest population among food animals all over the world. It is reared on farms all over the world being cheap in price as compared to other food animals. However, the usage of antibiotic growth promoters has resulted in the reduction of resistance against pathogens. As a result, the farmers were facing losses. The European Union banned the usage of antimicrobials and probiotics have taken the place of antimicrobials. Probiotics are the live microbes that when added to feed help the animal fights against pathogens by either releasing substances or by enhancing the immune response. The advantages of using the probiotics-added feed cannot be denied as they increase the production, performance, product quality, strength of the bones, immune response, size of the gastrointestinal tract, and the number of intestinal villi.

Radars used in War against Hemoparasitic Diseases in Livestock Animals

Abstract

Parasites can cause infection in both humans and animals. Common parasitic diseases in animals are Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis, Theileriosis, and Trypanosomiasis. Theileria is commonly transmitted by Ixodes ticks and can be diagnosed by Giemsa stained smear and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test. Anaplasma is transmitted by different species of ticks including Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus, Ixodes, and Hyalomma. It can be diagnosed mainly by inoculating the suspected animals' blood in a splenectomized calf and examining the calf's blood after a few weeks. Babesia is mainly transmitted by Rhipicephalus, Boophilus, and Haemaphysalis. This disease is diagnosed by various methods like Giemsa stained blood smear, ELISA, and inoculating suspected blood in splenectomized calves.

Effect of Slaughter Age on Beef Quality

Abstract

Meat is one of the best proteins which are available to humans. It is mostly obtained from animals. One other thing that makes meat a favored meal of humans is its taste. The taste and quality of meat are the important focal point to sell meat effectively. An experiment was performed on bulls to determine the effect of slaughter age on meat quality. Upon rigorous testing of various parameters of meat quality like pH, chemical composition, colorcolour, sensory factors, texture, and cooking yield it was found that animals around the age of 19 months produced the best quality meat for human consumption. The control of a factor such as age will help the slaughterhouses and other meat-related businesses to buy the best quality meat for selling to consumers. Hence, this experiment was conducted with both commercial and educational aspects in mind.

Overview of Bang’s Sickness

Abstract

Brucellosis is a significant resurgent bacterial zoonosis of economic and public health significance. It has a significant economic impact on both the owners' and the livestock's health and productivity. Brucella are gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that can infect a variety of animal species, including humans. The majority of human exposure to brucellosis occurs during calving and abortions when humans come into contact with animals and food that contains animal products. Consumption of tainted, unpasteurized dairy products might potentially transmit the illness. The incidence of human brucellosis varies by region and has been linked to various factors, including techniques in animal husbandry, the type of causal factor, and regional methods used in food processing. If the direct inspection is confirmed by further tests, microscopic analysis of smears that are stained can be helpful for tentative detection. The mainstay of brucellosis control in cattle is mass vaccination, but it should be used in conjunction with other strategies to stop the disease's spread, make it possible to identify individual animals and herds and foster more community involvement.

Rabies: The Mad Dog Disease

Abstract

The Rabies virus belongs to the genus Lyssavirus which is a member of Rhabdoviridae. It is a zoonotic disease that commonly affects bats, foxes, and dogs. When a rabid animal bites a susceptible organism, the virus moves toward the brain through peripheral nerves and then from the brain toward different organs. It has three major phases;phases: the prodromal phase, the excitation phase, and the paralytic phase. Diagnosis of rabies is very difficult because most animals may die without showing any clinical signs or develop a dumb phase or paralytic phase. In order to prevent this from happening, we must dispose of the carcasses of dead rabid animals properly and follow the vaccination schedule in live susceptible hosts.