| 1 |
Author(s):
Muqaddas Saqib , Sidra Altaf , Rafia gulnaz.
Page No :
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Breast cancer
Abstract
Breast cancer develops if breast cells multiply and expand out of control,forming a mass of tissue known as tumor. A lump or mass is created when cancerous cells proceeds to multiply more quickly than healthy cells. These cells might invade nearby lymph nodes or any other body areas through your breast and spread or metastasis there. Breast cancer can start as cells in milk production duct or as glandular tissues termed as lobules( invasive lobular carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma ). There are 5 stages of cancer at stage 0 tumor is non invasive at stage 1 cancer cells spread to neighbouring breast tissues at stage 2 the tumor size range from 2 to 5 centimeter at stage 3 cancer might expand to local lymph nodes as well as tissues at stage 4 cancer spread to different organs like brain, bones, and liver. Treatment of cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and immunotherapy
| 2 |
Author(s):
Ayesha Ramzan, Aiman Riaz , Dr. Farzana Rizvi .
Page No :
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Foodborne pathogens in poultry and their adverse effects on human beings
Abstract
Poultry is an important source of meal for humans worldwide, but it can also be a origin of foodborne pathogens that can cause significant health problems. Foodborne pathogens can contaminate poultry products during processing, transportation, storage, and handling, leading to the potential spread of foodborne illness. This article provides an overview of the common foodborne microorganisms associated with poultry and their adverse effects on human health. Additionally, the article explores the methods used to prevent contamination of poultry products and the challenges associated with these methods.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Mehreen Ishfaq, Ayesha Ramzan.
Page No :
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Poultry management in summer
Abstract
In summer, birds undergo stress leading to immunosuppression and disease outbreaks causing economic losses. Heat stress has harmful impacts on poultry production and welfare. Proper summer management includes shed, water, feed, and health management to maintain the environmental temperature within the required range, ensure adequate clean and cool water supply, compensate for reduced feed intake, and prevent disease outbreaks through vaccination, effective coccidiosis programs, good biosecurity, and sanitation.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Abdul Samad .
Page No : 1-2
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Use of Poultry Manure as an alternative of soyabean in Fish Feed
Abstract
This article discusses the potential of using poultry manure as an alternative to soybean meal in fish feed. Poultry manure is a cost-effective and nutrient-rich ingredient that can help reduce the environmental impact of the poultry industry. Studies have shown that replacing soybean meal with poultry manure in fish feed can result in comparable growth performance for fish. However, there are also challenges associated with using poultry manure in fish feed, such as variable nutrient content, contaminants, and processing difficulties. Proper processing and utilization of poultry manure can improve its nutritional quality and make it a sustainable and cost-effective ingredient in fish feed. Further research is needed to optimize the use of poultry manure for different fish species.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Dr. Baseer Ahmad , Abdul Samad , Muhammad hamza.
Page No : 3-4
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Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry and farm Animals and its Solution
Abstract
This article discusses the issue of antibiotic resistance in poultry birds and other farm animals, primarily due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in the agricultural industry. The article explains how this practice has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals, which can then be transmitted to humans, and how it has affected the food chain. Additionally, the article explores the causes of antibiotic resistance in farm animals, including overuse, misuse, the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the lack of diversity in farming practices. It also suggests possible solutions such as reducing antibiotic use, promoting animal health, improving farming practices, and alternatives to antibiotics such as probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides, hybrid Peptides and phytogenics
| 6 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Umar Hayat, Muhammad Hassan Rehman, Muhammad Adnan Sabir Mughal, Tooba Islam.
Page No : 6-7
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Vaccine against Protozoan Parasites: A Failure
Abstract
Protozoan parasites are unicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic organisms which get entry in the appropriate host after responding to the cues that indicate the presence of host. These cues can be generated by the host itself, any byproduct of the host or the plants consumed by the host. The host range of protozoan parasites i.e., Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Babesia, Theileria, Giardia etc. ranges from companion animals to bovines and humans posing a serious threat to these species. Among these, Plasmodium causes a life-threatening disease in human and is transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquito. Trypanosoma and Leishmania are responsible for causing African Sleeping Sickness, Chagas disease and tropical and visceral Leishmaniasis. Similarly in bovines, Babesia causes hemoglobinuria which may lead to death of animal. It is the need of hour to control these deadly protozoan parasites through effective control strategies i.e., vaccination. The development of DNA vaccines is considered as a dynamic field of research and have been used in the last 15 years offering a new alternative for the control of protozoal infections. Vaccination against these deadly pathogens have not been proved effective yet because of multiple reasons including immunological non-responsiveness to individual vaccine antigens, antigenic variation and polymorphism, immune deviation because of maternal immunity, parasite-induced apoptosis of immune effector and memory cells and alterations of dendritic cell function.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi , Zuha Fatima , Muqadas , Muhammad luqman shabbir, Durr E Najaf .
Page No : 9-10
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Rabies; a potential human threat
Abstract
Rabies is a acute viral and fatal disease of carnivores, bats and also of mammals. It is zoonotic disease. Rabies transmit mostly by rabid bites. Rabies causes central nervous system disorder. Diagnosis is based on the clinical signs and symptoms with history of dog bite and laboratory tests are also required for conformation. Vaccination of dogs and wild animals against rabies prevents its transmission. In rabies mostly supportive treatment is given to patient but two type of treatment (Pre exposure treatment and post exposure treatment) are also given to healthy and infected individual. Rabies cause infection in most of the developing countries of Asia. In most of the Europe countries rabies has been eradicated due to their strict policies and vaccinations. In poor counties of Africa rabies has high death ratio and mostly affecting children and rural community.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Dr. Sidra Altaf *, Arslan Iftikhar.
Page No : 11-12
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Detection of organophosphate residue in food and another agricultural commodity via gold nanoparticles
Abstract
This article discusses a new technique for detecting organophosphate compounds using gold nanoparticles. Organophosphates are widely used as insecticides and other agricultural chemicals. They are also used in chemical warfare agents making their detection crucial for environmental safety and public health. The technique involves coating gold nanoparticles with a special molecule that binds specifically to organophosphate compounds resulting in a color change when the compounds are present. The technique of using gold nanoparticles for detecting organophosphates has the potential to improve environmental safety and public health and to pave the way for new and innovative uses of these nanoparticles in various fields.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Kinza Tanveer.
Page No : 13-14
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Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite of small ruminants and mammals with great zoonotic significance. It is a cause of caprine communal infection worldwide. It also leads to abortions. Cattle, sheep, and goats are important in transmitting toxoplasmosis to humans mainly by the intake of improperly cooked or raw food materials from infected animals. In this article, ocular toxoplasmosis, and its diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been discussed.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Tayyaba Ameer.
Page No : 15-16
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Overview of Feline Mammary Tumors
Abstract
After skin tumors and lympho-sarcoma, mammary cancer ranks as the third most common type of cancer in felines and has a high fatality ratio. That’s why early diagnosis, intensive surgical treatment, and regular postoperative follow-up exams are required to increase animal life. Mammary tumors can affect both male and female cats but prevalence is high in queens. In this article different sizes of mammary tumors, their surgical removal, and chemotherapeutic agents to prevent them are studied.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Shamreza Aziz.
Page No : 17-18
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Probiotic use of Saccharomyces boulardii in Poultr
Abstract
After the restriction on the use of antibiotics due to their resistance in the host results in the formation of many alternative products. One of the recent advances in finding alternatives to antibiotics is the probiotics which are potentially used as biotherapeutic agents to improve and enhance animal health. Saccharomyces boulardii is one of the most frequently used probiotics in poultry and which has many positive effects on the bird's health. It helps in improving the performance of the poultry birds and has potential effect on the growth of birds, increases productivity of birds, helps in the development of the immune system.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Ifham Naeem, Abdul Mueez.
Page No : 19-20
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Use of Green-synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Mastitis
Abstract
Mastitis or udder inflammation is the arch nemesis of the dairy industry. Mastitis serves as the main profit killer for dairy farmers. In the past, this problem was dealt with antibiotics that easily treated mastitis by killing its causative pathogens. Quite recently this nuisance has become even more problematic as the bacteria began to gain antibiotic resistance against the antibiotics that were used to treat mastitis. This called for use of an immediate alternative like nanoparticles to kill the bacteria. A cheaper and better way to get these nanoparticles was found to be by extracting them from plant products.
