| 1 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Bilal khadim .
Page No :
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Glanders a bioweapon
Abstract
Glanders, caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei, is a highly contagious and often fatal disease primarily affecting horses, donkeys, and mules. It can also be transmitted to humans, albeit rarely. This abstract provides a concise overview of glanders, including its clinical manifestations, historical significance, and current challenges in prevention and treatment. Glanders has a long-standing history, with documented evidence dating back to ancient times, and has posed significant threats to both animal and human health throughout the ages. The disease is characterized by respiratory symptoms, skin lesions, lymph node enlargement, and systemic manifestations. Strict biosecurity measures, early detection, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and supportive care form the basis of treatment. Prevention involves implementing robust biosecurity protocols, surveillance programs, and research efforts for vaccines and diagnostics. Understanding the historical context, clinical findings, and strategies for prevention and treatment is crucial for minimizing the impact of glanders and safeguarding both human and animal populations from its devastating consequences.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Faisal meiran.
Page No :
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Strangles; a threat to equine
Abstract
Strangles is a highly contagious disease of horses caused by a bacterium streptococcus equi subspecies equi. This bacteria has a great potential to survive in harsh environmental conditions. Also the horses can easily transmitt the disease to one another. In this article we will go through the breif introduction and history of stangles also the clinical signs and symptoms and how to prevent the disease.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Usama Ijaz, Nisar Alam, Ghulam Mustafa, M.Ahmad Ashraf, Mujeeb Ali khan.
Page No :
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Cat scratch fever
Abstract
CSD is a common infectious disease of zoonotic importance, associated mainly with lymphadenopathy in children, adolescents, and young adults. The first case was reported in 1931, and it is caused by Bartonella henselae, with the reservoirs being domestic animals such as cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and occasionally dogs. Most cases can recover on their own without any treatment; however, if treatment is required, rifampicin is the drug of choice for CSD.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi , Muhammad husnain .
Page No : 4-5
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Black leg
Abstract
Black leg, also called blackquarter is a clostridial disease caused by Clostridium Chauvoei. It mainly affects cattle and sheep. Animals with age of 6 months to 2 years are mainly susceptible. This bacteria is found mainly in the sandy regions. It is normally present in animal body and cause disease when injury occur in the muscle. Clinical signs depends on the severity of the infection. Common signs are lamness followed by swelling and pain in the affected limb. Toxins are produced by bacteria which causes severe damage to affect muscle. Death can occur in this disease without showing any clinical sign. Broad spectrum antibiotics can be administered such as penicillin and oxytetracycline. Preventive measures include vaccination and proper hygiene of animals. It can cause severe economic losses so preventive measures should be strictly adopted.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi , Zuha Fatima , Muqadas , Muhammad luqman shabbir, Durr E Najaf .
Page No : 6-7
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Psittacosis: An Invisible Threat from Our Feathered Companions
Abstract
Psittacosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia psittaci and primarily affects birds mainly parrot family and known as parrot fever or avian chlamydiosis. People in close contact with affected birds are at high risk. This disease first identified in 20th century but first documented outbreak of psittacosis occurred in 1929.In affected birds different respiratory, ocular, digestive, neurological and generalised signs and symptoms are observed. In humans affected with psittacosis show flu like, respiratory, gastrointestinal and systemic signs and symptoms which in severe cases leads to pneumonia while severity of signs and symptoms of disease vary among individuals and species. Antibiotics are quite effective in treatment of psittacosis. Diagnosis of psittacosis depends on the medical history, physical examination, blood tests, serology tests, PCR, culture and chest x-ray etc
| 6 |
Author(s):
Tahira Iftakhar, Muhammad Sohail Sajid, Urfa Bin Tahir, Anas Sarwar Qureshi.
Page No : 11-12
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Exploring the Use of Telemedicine in Veterinary Public Health: Opportunities and Challenges
Abstract
Telemedicine, the use of telecommunication and information technologies to provide healthcare services remotely, has become increasingly popular in human healthcare in recent years. However, its use in veterinary medicine and public health has been slower to develop. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of using telemedicine in veterinary public health, with a focus on remote consultations and monitoring of animal health. The potential benefits of telemedicine include increased access to veterinary care in remote or underserved areas, improved disease surveillance and outbreak response, and reduced stress on animals during veterinary visits. However, there are also challenges to overcome, such as ensuring the quality and accuracy of remote diagnoses, addressing legal and regulatory barriers, and ensuring that telemedicine does not replace in-person veterinary care when necessary. Overall, telemedicine has the potential to significantly improve veterinary public health, but it is important to carefully consider the opportunities and challenges before implementing telemedicine in this field.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Haseeb Ashraf, Mehroz Latif, Irtaza Hussain , Sultan Ali.
Page No : 13-14
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HENDRA VIRUS IN PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
Abstract
Hendra Virus is a lethal zoonotic virus initially identified in horses in Australia in 1994. This virus is highly contagious and can cause severe respiratory and neurological conditions in both horses and humans. Thought to have a natural reservoir in flying foxes, the virus can also infect other mammals, including horses, cats, dogs, and humans. By coming into contact with infected individuals or their bodily fluids, humans are susceptible to the Hendra virus through zoonotic transmission. Human Hendra virus infections can cause mild to severe symptoms with no known cure at this time. Supportive care can be offered and experimental treatments such as convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies have been tried with varying levels of efficacy. The risk of zoonotic transmission to humans can be decreased by immunizing horses against the Hendra virus. There is no licensed vaccine for human use yet, research is ongoing to develop one. Since the Hendra virus poses a serious threat to public health through zoonotic transmission, it is crucial to comprehend the mechanisms and risk factors for transmission in order to prevent and control epidemics.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Dr. Sidra Altaf *.
Page No : 15-16
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Overview of the Immune System
Abstract
The body's defense against harmful substances is provided by the immune system a complex network of cells, tissues and organs. The innate and adaptive immunity affect dangerous infections and aberrant cells. Immunization is a significant advancement in the prevention or management of infectious diseases however, cancer, autoimmune disorders and immune deficiency illnesses can compromise the immune system's capacity to defend the body. Inflammation and immune system performance can be impacted by lifestyle factors like nutrition, exercise and stress management. A better understanding of the immune system's operation and its relationship to numerous elements helps enhance general health
| 9 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Dr. Sidra Altaf *, Muhammad Saleem.
Page No : 17-18
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Phytochemicals used in the treatment of COVID-19 Infection
Abstract
The viral illness known as coronavirus is transmissible from person to person. Numerous distinct varieties exist some of which have the propensity to induce pathogenic manifestations. The emergence of a novel coronavirus in 2019 led to a global outbreak of respiratory illnesses. Traditional medicine utilizes botanicals which are derived from various plants containing bioactive compounds. These compounds are known to possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties that can effectively combat coronaviruses. These biological activities have been designed to demonstrate their potential in modulating the immune response while simultaneously mitigating viral infections. The present study highlights the dual antiviral properties inherent in naturally occurring plant species that have been employed in the management of diverse viral ailments
| 10 |
Author(s):
Warda Qamar, Muqaddas Saqib, Rafia Gulnaz.
Page No : 19-20
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Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Malaria
Abstract
Malaria is a protozoal infection. It mostly spreads to people through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Blood transfusions and contaminated needles may also transmit malaria. There are five plasmodium parasite species that cause malaria in humans these species include plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium knowlesi. P. falciparum, and P. vivax pose a serious threat. The most common symptoms of malaria are fever, headache, and chills. Symptoms usually start within 10 to 15 days of getting bitten by an infected mosquito. Some types of malaria can cause serious illness and even death. Infants, children under 5 years, pregnant women, and people with HIV are at high risk. Severe symptoms of malaria include extreme tiredness and fatigue, impaired consciousness, multiple convulsions, difficulty in breathing, and abnormal bleeding. The risk of malaria can be reduced by using mosquito nets while sleeping in areas where malaria is common, using mosquito repellent containing icaridin, using coils and vaporizers, wearing protective clothing, and using window screens. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of disease and prevent deaths. For the treatment of malaria various antimalarial drugs are available these drugs include artemisinin-based combination therapy medicine like artemether-lumefantrine are most common medicine. Chloroquine is recommended for the infection caused by P. vivax and primaquine can be recommended to prevent the relapses of infection with P. vivax and P. ovale parasites
| 11 |
Author(s):
Rafia Gulnaz, Sidra Altaf, Muqaddas Saqib, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem .
Page No : 21-22
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Impacts of organophosphate residues on environmental and biological system
Abstract
The utilization of agricultural pesticides is one of the primary issues in rural and urban crop-cultivated areas, with the majority of chemicals moving through air water and other natural sources. Organophosphate exposure might be caused by the absorption in body tissue like skin and breath. Toxicity which are not specifically connected to pesticide toxicity, include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. The goal of this study is to understand the relationship between farmers physical, mental, and social health and their exposure to organophosphate.
