| 1 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Ahsan, Muhammad Wasif.
Page No :
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CANINE DISTEMPER PREVALENCE IN PAKISTAN
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in dogs. It has been infecting domestic dogs for decades. It is caused by ‘’Canine Distemper Virus’’, extremely transmissible infection of dogs and is very dominant in Pakistan. The causative agent (CDV) is a member of the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Puppies having insufficiently acquired maternal antibodies often fall a prey to this infection due to weak immune response. The virus generation inclusions of varying size and morphology in cells which can be the basis of its detection. Spread of CD is not declined despite applying extensive vaccination efforts in the country. It has the second highest fatality rate of any infectious disease.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Hammad E Mustafa.
Page No :
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Laminitis in Ruminants
Abstract
Laminitis is an aching and devastating condition which mainly affects the hooves of ruminants such as goats, sheep and cattle [1]. This is categorized by damage and inflammation of the sensitive laminae of hooves which results in lameness of the animal. If it remains untreated, the condition become more severe which will ultimately result in great economic losses.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Dr. Shameeran Salman Ismael Bamarni.
Page No : 1-2
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How to Preserve Meat for a long time?
Abstract
If red meat is preserved properly, it can be kept for weeks to years and cannot be spoilage. The common method for preservation is to freeze meat to maintain its temperature. There are other methods to preserve meat, some of which have been practiced for over a thousand years, including chilling, drying, canning, and adding chemicals such as salt. The main purpose of preservation is to maintain the features of meat and to prevent the growth of microorganisms that cause spoilage such as bacteria, parasites, viruses, and yeast. This article aimed to mention the easiest methods that can be used daily for the preservation of meat.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Wajeeha Rafaqat, Muhammad Sohail Sajid, Kashif Hussain, Tahira Iftakhar .
Page No : 3-4
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ONE HEALTH
Abstract
One Health " is an interdisciplinary approach. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration and cooperation among various sectors, including human medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, and environmental science, to achieve optimal health outcomes for all. The concept of One Health recognizes that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are closely intertwined. For example, certain diseases can be transmitted between animals and humans (zoonotic diseases), and environmental factors such as pollution or habitat destruction can affect the health of both humans and animals. By considering the health of all these components together, One Health aims to address health challenges more comprehensively and effectively. One Health initiatives typically involve collaborative efforts between professionals from different disciplines. These efforts can include surveillance and early detection of zoonotic diseases, research into shared risk factors and mechanisms of disease transmission, development of strategies for disease prevention and control, and promotion of environmental conservation and sustainability. The One Health approach has gained significant recognition and importance in recent years, particularly in light of emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola, Zika, and most notably, the COVID-19 pandemic. By adopting the One Health approach, societies can enhance their preparedness and response to emerging health threats, promote sustainable and healthy ecosystems, and improve the overall well-being of both humans and animals.
Key words: one health, interdisciplinary approach, triad, zoonotic diseases, veterinary medicine
| 5 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan, Rida Asrar, Muhammad Ahmad, Adeel Sarfraz, Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi .
Page No : 5-6
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Sacrificial Animals and their Management Before Eid-ul-Adha
Abstract
The literal meaning of Qurbani is sacrifice. It is a tradition that is performed annually by Muslims across the globe during the Holy month of Dhul Hijjah. This tradition is a commemoration of the Prophet Ibrahim (A.S) when he decided to sacrifice his beloved son Hazrat Ismail (A.S) in order to comply with the orders from Allah Almighty. Every year, affluent or Sahib-e-Nisab Muslims carry out the practice of animal sacrifice on days 10th, 11th, and 12th of the month of Dhul Hijjah to show willingness for sacrificing every beloved thing for the sake of Allah Almighty
| 6 |
Author(s):
Farhan Mushtaq, Aiefeen Javed, Nauman Zaheer Ghumman, Sohaib Khan, Muhammad Ali Tahir.
Page No : 7-8
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The Shield of Vaccination: Safeguarding Poultry Health and Industry
Abstract
Vaccination is a crucial technique that helps to maintain poultry flocks healthy by enabling the birds to fight against diseases and offering efficient prevention and control measures. A disease outbreak can pose significant threats to flock health, production, and the safety of poultry products. Poultry farmers can enhance disease prevention, promote flock health, and assure sustainable production by understanding the fundamentals of vaccination, appreciating its advantages, implementing vaccination programs, and utilizing innovations in vaccination techniques. The power of vaccination can be used to safeguard poultry populations and the poultry industry's future through coordinated efforts and research.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Dr. Sidra Altaf *, Arslan Iftikhar.
Page No : 10-11
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Lumpy skin disease
Abstract
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a viral infection that primarily affects cattle, causing cutaneous nodules and other symptoms. LSD is found in Africa and other regions like the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Asia. It drives economic effects by reducing productivity and affecting livestock's milk production, weight and fertility. Vaccination, insect control, biosecurity, isolation, quarantine and surveillance are important for preventing and containing the disease. Reliable information is crucial for effective management. Effecting these measures can reduce LSD spread protect domestic animals and improve the agricultural sector's finances.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Dr. Sidra Altaf *, Mahvish Fatima.
Page No : 12-13
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Plant-Based Approaches Used for the Treatment of Monkeypox Disease
Abstract
Monkeypox is a rare viral disease in Central and West Africa. Traditional medicine is used to help with symptoms and recovery. Plants have been influential in indigenous healthcare and scientifically shown to have therapeutic benefits. This discourse explores how botanical resources can help treat monkeypox by studying their active components and modes of action. It highlights the need for further research to confirm their safety and effectiveness in therapy.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Ali Haider, Abdul Rehman Javed, Muhammad Hammad Tariq, Noor Fatima .
Page No : 14-15
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natural cultivating and role in yield
Abstract
Current populace of Pakistan 231.4 million major difficulties looked by Pakistan under food security and food deficiency crisis that is enormous difficulties of world confronted particularly in Pakistan. Pakistan position in populace is five number future expectation is total populace is close to 9.4 billion then approaching future prospective and cautioning call for us to utilize assets greatest use that advantageously taken on. More than 60 - 70% populace of Pakistan depends on horticulture .Normal 973 million individuals are undernourished on the planet and 800 Million individuals living underneath the neediness line on the planet
| 10 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Sanaullah Khan.
Page No : 16-17
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Overview of Broiler and Layer Disease Management and their Vaccination Schedule
Abstract
Disease control in broilers and layers ensures that birds raised for meat and eggs are healthy and productive. Vaccinations are essential for preventing diseases because they trigger the immune system to produce antibodies that protect against specific pathogens. The most crucial aspects of managing broiler and layer conditions include biosecurity measures, hygienic practices, nutritious diets, and vaccination schedules. A well-balanced diet and strict biosecurity regulations and good hygiene support the bird's immune system. Layers frequently receive vaccinations against egg drop syndrome, infectious bronchitis, Marek's disease, Newcastle disease, and avian influenza. Poultry flocks require regular veterinary care and adaptation monitoring to increase profitability, productivity, and health. Disease control and prevention are enhanced by assessment-based management.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Arfa Shahzad, Ammar Tahi, Umber Rauf, Muhammad Kashif, Hira Anjum.
Page No : 18-19
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Selective Deworming and Preventing Reinfestation in Horses
Abstract
A novel method of controlling the horse to lower parasite burdens is strategic deworming.
Studies have revealed that it works rather well. Your veterinarian can help you choose the deworming technique that is most effective for you. To avoid increasing the parasite burden on the horse, it's also crucial to manage dung in your pastures and avoid overgrazing. Deworming is most effective when combined with optimal management practices, such as clean farming and waste disposal.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Zuha Fatima , Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi , Muqadas , Muhammad luqman shabbir, Durr E Najaf .
Page No : 20-21
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Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
Abstract
Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever is zoonotic disease spread by tick vector mostly of genus Hyalomma and caused by arbovirus Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). An RNA virus of family Bunyaviridae. Host range include humans, wide range of domestic and wild animals and birds. CCHFV transmits to humans by ticks and by animals and in humans, horizontal transmission by blood, saliva and semen has also been observed. In ticks, vertical transmission of virus occurs. Incubation period ranges from 3-13 days and mortality from 10-40%. Disease results in fever, headache, myalgia, photophobia, dizziness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, rashes and hemorrhages etc but in severe cases multi organ failure, shock and finally death. CHF was first discovered in 1944 in Crimea in military staff. CCHF can be diagnosed by RT PCR, ELISA, IFA and rarely by virus isolation. Laboratory test results in leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities. No specific treatment but supportive treatment is given in CCHF and antiviral agent (Ribavirin) to stop virus replication. Different preventive measures are taken to control CCHF like regular skin examination, tick repellent, use proper personal protective equipments and disinfectants etc.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Naveed Rasool, Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi , Seerat Noor.
Page No : 22-23
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Acidosis due to Overfeeding
Abstract
Overfeeding is not good for animals even when our intentions are pure. It can have can have unfavorable effects on our beloved animal or pet. As an effect of overfeeding, severe health problems may occur. The plenty of appealing delicacies and rich dishes during Eid can root a challenge when it comes to portion control and maintaining a balanced diet for our animals. As most of us don’t know the portion control of the diet of the animal, we feed a lot of carbohydrates to the animal which results in many problems. Digestive issues, metabolic issues and mainly obesity are the costs of overfeeding. Overfeeding leads to excessive weight gain. This gain in the weight can cause other secondary problems to the health of the animal including heart problems and joints problem. Animal may become reluctant to walk due to over-weight.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Gulzar Ali Junejo, Majid Hussain Soomro.
Page No : 24-25
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Footrot in Ruminants
Abstract
The footrot is a disease that only affects ruminants and is highly contagious. Dichelobacter nodosus, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is responsible for the condition. Footrot typically appear within two to three weeks under ideal circumstances. Warm, humid environments are ideal for footrot. Affected animals frequently graze while resting on their Carpi and exhibit varying degrees of lameness. Interdigital swelling (benign foot rot) to complete horn show underrunning in advanced stages of virulent footrot are some of the local clinical signs. The disease results in significant financial losses for the wool, meat, and dairy industries. This review provides a summary and discussion of strategies for treatment and prevention.
Keywords: Footrot, Etiology, Preventive strategies
| 15 |
Author(s):
Ammar Tahir1*, Arfa Shahzad, Muhammad Kashif, Farhan Ahmad Atif, Hira Anjum.
Page No : 26-27
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Zebrafish as Animal Model in Veterinary Research
Abstract
Animal models are used extensively in medical research to better understand the origins of both human and animal diseases as well as to facilitate the creation of novel treatments. Though rodents are still the most popular study model used globally, zebrafish (Danio rerio) models have rapidly gained popularity among scientists in recent years. This is due to the fact that a little tropical freshwater teleost fish shares significant physiological, anatomical, and genetic similarities with mammals.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Hira Anjum, Amar Nasir, Muhammad Kashif, Arfa Shahzad, Ammar Tahir.
Page No : 28-29
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Ginger: A Natural Remedy for Pancreatic Cancer
Abstract
Cancer is the overriding reason of the death in both emerging and developed countries. It may be characterized by uncontrolled cell development in which cells divide uncontrollably to create tumors that may invade other areas of the body. Lifestyle modifications are significant contributors to the emergence of cancer. Based on the research, risk factors include becoming overweight or obese, being insufficiently active, smoking, consuming alcohol, and eating improperly i.e. a diet heavy in red and processed meat and low in fiber. The traditional medicine of Pakistan's Himalayan area has long made use of a variety of medicinal plants. In underdeveloped nations, where about 80% of the world's population resides, plants are used to cure a variety of illnesses, including infections, pain management, wound healing, cancer, reproductive disorders, skin infections, digestive problems etc. The use of unprocessed and phytochemical extracts obtained from medicinal plants is becoming more acceptable and preferred, maybe as a result of their reduced costs of manufacturing, accessibility, and availability as well as their generally lower toxicity. Ginger is an underground stem or rhizome which is known to have originated from Asia and have been reported to have a number of medicinal properties which is used in the treatment of many ailments such as arthritis, painful menstrual periods, nausea etc. It is also used as a common specie in food and bakery industries Consequently, the goal of the study is to examine the anticancer effects of ginger and pomegranate extract on cancer cell lines under the assumption that they have a primarily cytotoxic effect on cancer cells while having little to no effect on normal cells.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Talha.
Page No : 30-31
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Non compliance
Abstract
Occurrence of the mismedication when the patients fail to take medicines as prescribed by the physician is known as non-compliance.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Zuha Fatima , Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi , Muqadas , Muhammad luqman shabbir, Durr E Najaf .
Page No : 32-33
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Heat stress in animals
Abstract
Heat stress arises when body temperature of animal increases than its normal body temperature. Due to increase in the body temperature, metabolic and physiological changes occur which have unwanted effect on animal body. On the occasion of Eid ul Adha in Muslin countries animals suffer more from heat stress due to overcrowding of animals in inadequate space in markets. There are many reasons of heat stress in animals like high environmental temperature, high humidity, lack of shade, inadequate ventilation, lack of water, overcrowding, transportation, breed and species susceptiblity and Pre existing health conditionings etc. Due to these conditions there are many damaging effects on animals which include increase body temperature, dehydration, reduce feed intake, decrease milk yield and production, heat stroke and respiratory distress etc. We should take preventive measures to reduce heat stress like adequate shade, proper ventilation, water availability, adjust feeding practices, avoid overcrowding and provide proper resting areas etc.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Taha Babar, Fakiha Asghar , Asad Ali, Muhammad Ali .
Page No : 34-35
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Mastitis in dairy animals: unraveling the path to prevention and control
Abstract
Mastitis is a common disease of dairy animals that causes inflammation of the mammary glands resulting in decreased milk production and poor milk quality. it may be caused by infectious agents or by other factors including injury to udder and improper milking practices. Mastitis leads to severe economic losses because of poor milk quality, decreased milk quantity, treatment costs and culling of animals. A diversified approach is required for mastitis prevention and control. Dry cow therapy, proper vaccination, proper nutrition and good housing management leads to reduction of mastitis risk in dairy animals. Effective mastitis control leads to increased milk production, less expense, and overall good herd health. This can be achieved by efficient management techniques, treatment alternatives, record-keeping, and data analysis. Dairy producers can minimize the impact of mastitis, enhance milk quality and output, and generate revenue by implementing these preventive measures into practice.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Naveed Rasool, Sajjad Javaid, Adil Farooq, Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi .
Page No : 36-37
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Naegleria Fowleri: Understanding the Waterborne Danger of Brain-Eating Amoebae
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is also known as a brain-eating amoeba commonly found in freshwater environments. This free-living amoeba can cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). A rare but deadly brain infection. Inhabits warm freshwater lakes, hot springs, and poorly chlorinated swimming pools. Naegleria fowleri uses our nasal passageway to enter our brains, which rarely ends well. Tragically, PAM sufferers have a dismal prognosis because there is no treatment. Our best defense is preventing PAM. To stay safe, avoid freshwater activities in poor warm bodies of water. Furthermore, water system treatment and disinfection can prevent Naegleria fowleri from nasal irrigation. Use only sterile or well-treated water. We fight Naegleria fowleri relentlessly. Public health authorities protect public health by monitoring and reporting PAM cases and investigating outbreaks. Their prevention education shows their dedication to saving lives through constant vigilance and awareness of Naegleria fowleri omnipresence and risks. Overcoming this dangerous amoeba reduces the risk of PAM infections.
