| 1 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Wasif, Rizwan Shukat, Pariwush Rubab, Muhammad Ahsan, Maleeha Mehak.
Page No :
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Role of Poor Nutrition in Liver Diseases
Abstract
NAFLD is supposed to be the most evident Chronic Liver Disorder (CLD) worldwide. NAFLD could be due to obesity, diabetes, and cardiac metabolic syndrome. Fat accumulation in the liver enhances the chances of NAFLD. Till today, there is no potent pharmacotherapeutic treatment available for NAFLD, but the lifestyle changes such as physical activity, and dietary behaviors including the consumption of safe and healthy foods, etc. can reduce the chances of NAFLD. Some specific nutrients and dietary behavioral modifications pose a positive impact on managing NAFLD. Unhealthy diets including higher levels of calories, saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans-fats and Mega Trans, simple sugars and animal proteins, and reduced levels of micro-nutrients, fibers, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have a vital role in its outbreak and spread. Currently, low-caloric and plant-based diets, with physical activity has the potential to reduce body weight and it could be an effective intervention for NAFLD treatment.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Rana Yousuf Rehman, Muhammad Asif Raza, Asghar Abbas, Muhammad Umair Waqas.
Page No :
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Impact of Covid-19 On Society
Abstract
The Coronavirus pandemic significantly affects society in different ways. The COVID-19 pandemic catastrophe has significantly impacted interpersonal relationships and produced extraordinary changes in lifestyle, employment, and social interactions.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Danish Ali.
Page No :
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An Overview of Mastitis
Abstract
Mastitis is the infection of teats, which is commonly present in the livestock of developing countries, including Pakistan. It is caused by multiple bacteria, fungi, and other infectious agents. It causes milk quality deterioration and destruction of mammary glands. It can be diagnosed using microscopic, chemical, and enzymatic methods. It can be controlled by antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and vaccines. Its control is necessary to improve milk hygiene and quality
| 4 |
Author(s):
Fareeha Shahid, Mian Kamran Sharif, Muhammad Wasif, Maira Abdul Razzak.
Page No : 1-2
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Cognitive Impairment in Geriatric Population
Abstract
Aged population pose a major burden on public health sector due to huge number of associated comorbidities in older adults. Geriatric population comprises of individuals with chronological age between 65 years to 74 years of age accounting for 10 % of total population in Pakistan. Aging process is observed at molecular, cellular and organ level in body. Although life expectancy is improved in last few decades but there is a major challenge of functional decline reducing quality of life. Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with physical decline as well as cognitive decline in individuals. For brain health, multiple diagnostic tools are used to access the progression of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairment. These include CAMCOG, Adiponectin assay, p-tua 181 Elisa kit and telephone interview for cognitive status etc. Through proper diagnosis, health care professionals can improve brain function in older adults.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Eza Asghar, Mian Kamran Sharif, Maira Abdul Razzak, Muhammad Arham Rauf, Maryam Raza.
Page No : 3-4
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Transforming Food Systems for a Sustainable Future: A Health Perspective
Abstract
The growing demand for food presents a significant global problem that requires the establishment of sustainable food systems. To address this issue, it is essential to combine sustainability with food security, considering the environment, society, and economy. Efforts to ensure sustainable diets, alternative protein sources, technological innovations, agricultural intensification and food waste reduction are vital for food security and environmental sustainability. In this context, interdisciplinary collaboration among nations, policymakers, and organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization is essential to devise effective strategies for tackling the food crisis. This in turn enables the establishment of sustainable food systems to facilitate the optimization of health outcomes for both humans and the environment.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Ayesha Liaqat, Kiran Fatima Nasir, Nimra Saeed, Muneeba Javed.
Page No : 5-6
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True Facts About Burning Calories
Abstract
Burning calories encompass the measurement and understanding of energy expenditure, whether through the caloric content of food or the calories burned during physical activities. A well-balanced diet can certainly help in burning calories. A diet rich in protein, fiber, and unsaturated fats can provide a feeling of fullness and boost metabolism or burn excess calories. Exercise is widely recognized for burning calories. Various exercise modalities can effectively contribute to energy expenditure. Relying solely on exercise may lead to neglecting other opportunities such as non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) which is defined as energy expenditure by everything we do daily other than exercise. These may be beneficial for increasing energy expenditure. It is important to have a balanced perspective and consider all aspects of daily life that can contribute to calorie burning, not just formal exercise or diet.
Keywords: Energy expenditure, balanced diet, exercise, non-exercise activity thermogenesis
| 7 |
Author(s):
Kiran Fatima Nasir, Fareeha Shahid, Maira Abdul Razzak, Ayesha Liaqat, Muneeba Javed.
Page No : 7-8
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Paleo Diet Sustainable or Fad
Abstract
The Paleo diet is a diet based on food groups that were eaten by stone age humans such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, eggs, meat, and seafood excluding dairy, grains, and processed foods. Around 2.5 million years ago, it was the dietary pattern of the majority of people, including foods that could be get by hunting and gathering. The modern paleo diet is a modified version of the true paleo diet with some variations in food groups. The Paleo diet is high in protein, polyunsaturated fats, fiber and low in carbohydrates. As human evolution stopped 10,000 years ago thus, human genetics is more adaptable to the paleo diet as compared to the highly processed modern diet. There may be a few limitations of this diet due to the exclusion of some food groups, but it is still observed to be beneficial for weight loss and other chronic diseases.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Muneeba Javed, Maira Abdul Razzak, Fareeha Shahid, Kiran Fatima Nasir, Ayesha Liaqat.
Page No : 9-10
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In Defense of Meat-Eaters
Abstract
Meat consumption is a custom that dates back thousands of years in human history. Plants and meat constitute a major portion of the diet and humans as omnivores require both for a healthy lifestyle. Recently, the trend of using plants as the only energy source has gained popularity causing people to replace meat in their diet. However, the absence of meat in the diet can lead to protein, zinc, iron, and B-vitamins deficiency consequently resulting in various health issues. Moreover, easy digestibility and high-quality meat protein play a significant role in human growth and development. Meat consumption is also considered a cultural identity for many nations. Therefore, its nutritional and cultural significance can’t be overlooked.
Keywords: Meat consumption, omnivores, cultural identity, plant-based diet
| 9 |
Author(s):
Fakiha Asghar, Muhammad Taha Babar, Asad Ali, Muhammed Ali.
Page No : 12-13
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Hemorrhagic Septicemia
Abstract
Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) is a highly contagious bacterial disease affecting cattle, buffalo, and other ruminants. It is caused by Pasteurella (P.) multocida, primarily serotypes B:2 and E:2. It has significant economic importance in regions with endemicity or frequent outbreaks, leading to livestock losses, reduced productivity, treatment costs, and trade restrictions. Prompt diagnosis is crucial, relying on clinical evaluation and laboratory confirmation through culture, blood testing, and PCR assays. Clinical signs include fever, respiratory distress, nasal issue, and submandibular edema. Treatment includes early identification, supportive care, and antibiotic therapy targeting P. multocida. Vaccination plays a key role in its control, using oil-adjuvant killed vaccines or intranasal live attenuated vaccines. Prevention is by implementing biosecurity measures, maintaining sanitation, quarantining and isolating animals, monitoring and surveillance, continuous education, collaboration, and timely reporting. Effective control strategies, along with farmer awareness and cooperation, are vital in managing HS and minimizing its economic impact on the livestock industry.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Hasnain Idrees, Muhammad Umar Lisan, Muhammad Irfan, Chaudhary Ali Ahmad Usman, Watiba Danish.
Page No : 14-15
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Zoonotic Risks Unleashed: Understanding Rabies Distribution and Engaging Communities with Bite Prevention, Wound Management, and Vaccination Strategies against Rabies in Pakistan
Abstract
Rabies is a major viral zoonotic disease in Pakistan, as it is in the rest of the world. The rising number of dog bites has led to an uptick in human rabies cases in Pakistan. In the province of Sindh, the district of Karachi has the highest incidence rate, with 25-30 cases reported daily. Increasing government efforts to eradicate it from Pakistan would require more research-based activity. The rabies virus, which can spread both through reservoir and non-reservoir transmission, mostly multiplies in the patient's neurological system. Although pre- and post-exposure vaccinations are available, the most effective means of preventing the spread of rabies are the avoidance of dog bites and initial management of the dog bite.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Asima Yasin, Jawad Ahmad.
Page No : 17-18
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Animal Welfare in Pakistan: Educating All Age Groups on Animal Suffering
Abstract
Animal welfare is a reflection of society's compassion and empathy. In Pakistan, animal welfare has become a prominent topic due to cultural and religious teachings, social media, and the connection between animal welfare and public health and societal well-being. However, there are challenges in implementing and enforcing animal welfare laws. Welfare organizations are doing their best to rescue and rehabilitate animals, provide veterinary care, and raise awareness. However, they cannot address the widespread animal suffering alone. Education is a key to transforming societal attitudes towards animals. Animal welfare should be included in school curricula and continuous learning for adults. Individuals can also contribute by being responsible pet owners, supporting animal shelters, spreading awareness, and advocating for stronger animal protection laws. By recognizing the intrinsic value of all living beings, Pakistan can pave the way for a more compassionate and humane future.
Keywords; Welfare, empathy, public health, care, awareness shelters, protection, humane future
| 12 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Kaleem Akhtar, Tasawar Iqbal, Hafeez-ur-Rehman.
Page No : 19-20
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Bioefficacy of Aqueous Neem Leaf (Azadirachta indica) Extract against Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on Cotton
Abstract
Whiteflies are the most severe pests of cotton. Chemical insecticides used to control whiteflies threaten wildlife and the environment. Whiteflies can be eradicated using neem leaf extract. To combat the whitefly, we tried neem leaf extract. Whitefly reduction using neem leaf extract. Eliminate 80% of whiteflies with neem leaf extract. Neem leaf extract reduces whitefly eggs on cotton plants. Neem leaf extract provides effective and sustainable whitefly control. It is a better and safer alternative to using chemical pesticides.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Sanaullah Khan, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 21-22
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Different Hormonal Effects on the Animal Reproductive System
Abstract
Animal reproductive systems depend heavily on hormones which impact the development, functionality, and coordination of reproductive processes. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone regulate follicular development, ovulation, and the production of estrogen, progesterone in the female reproductive system. Male reproductive organs’ sexual characteristics, sperm production, and libido depend on testosterone for development and maintenance. Although the role of prolactin in the male reproductive system is not fully understood, it may affect male fertility. Oxytocin plays a role in controlling sexual arousal and ejaculation in men. Understanding hormonal interactions and regulation is important for optimizing reproductive health and fertility in animals. Further research will improve our understanding of these complex mechanisms and their impact on animal reproduction.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Ahmad Asrar, Aashan Ahmad, Hafiz Umer Usman Azher, Ukasha Habib.
Page No : 23-24
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Campylobacter: The Silent Menace in our Food Supply
Abstract
Campylobacter is a noticeable bacterial pathogen that is frequently involved with foodborne diseases across the world. The presence, prevalence, and consequences of Campylobacter in the food supply are investigated in this abstract. Campylobacter (C.) coli and C. jejuni are the most frequently encountered species responsible for human infections, primarily causing gastroenteritis. Poultry, particularly raw or undercooked chicken, is a primary cause of Campylobacter contamination, but unpasteurized milk and polluted water are also potential sources.
