| 1 |
Author(s):
Duaa Hayat, Dr.Rais Ahmed, Umaima Nadeem, Momina Malik, Aiza Aqeel.
Page No : 1-2
|
Caseous Lymphadenitis: A Global Perspective on the Veterinary and Economic Impact of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Abstract
Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA), which is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, is an important infectious disease in many parts of the world. This article describes the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of the disease in goats and sheep. We review the incidence and epidemiological factors of the disease by region, noting the high economic impact through direct costs of veterinary care and through losses in production and trade. Furthermore, the existing management measures and the need for partnerships in the control process. These include the review of the current literature to create awareness on the need to undertake further research to help reduce the effects of CLA on the livestock industry globally.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Zunaira Asghar, Malaika Shamas, Kamla Mehak, Ayesha Imran, Nadia Nazish.
Page No : 3-4
|
Effect of Heavy metals on Aquatic Environment and Humans
Abstract
At least five times larger atomic weights and densities than those of water are found in heavy metals. Their numerous applications in technology, agriculture, medicine, industry and the home have caused them to become widely dispersed throughout the ecosystem, posing questions about their possible consequences for the environment and human health. Most habitats are contaminated due to the release of raw sewage waste, industrial effluents, and other contaminants that disrupt target species' survival and physiological functions. A high concentration of metals in polluted soil can lead to a decline in soil quality and even poison the food chain. Heavy metals affect all animal types and ecological processes, including microbiological activity. Because living species have a greater ability for bioaccumulation than other organisms, the bioaccumulation of trace elements in them and their biomagnifications depict the processes and pathways of these contaminants from one tropic level to another.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Nafees, Aamna Habib, Arsalan Abid, Muhammad Subhan Arshad.
Page No : 5-6
|
Practices of parents to manage newborn sleep disorders in Pakistan
Abstract
Healthy sleep is essential for child growth. Newborn babies have higher awakenings throughout the night impacting parents’ poor quality of sleep. Many parents administer sedative drugs to children assist them getting healthy sleep-onset. Whereas use of sedative drugs, on the other hand, is linked to fatal adverse effects in infants. Drug regulatory authorities warn their use in pediatric population. Non-pharmacological approach should be encouraged to improve sleep irregularities in children.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Asfa Fatima, Aziz-ur Rehman, Muhammad Ashraf, Urooj Anwar, Safdar Hassan.
Page No : 7-8
|
Role of Probiotics on Intestinal Flora of Poultry
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Probiotics are living microorganisms that promote immunity and the overall health of the poultry. Several strains, particularly Lactobacilli and Clostridiaceae play a role in sustaining the gut flora that ultimately supports the immune response in the poultry. Probiotics compete with harmful pathogens and can be used as an alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs to avoid the negative impacts of antibiotics. Moreover, by using probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics, issues like antibiotic resistance can be overcome. Furthermore, probiotics increase immunity by stimulating T helpers and B cells and promote the overall production of poultry. Additionally, probiotics provide a supportive environment that aids in maintaining the normal physiological function of the intestinal flora. This article highlights the beneficial effects of administrating probiotics, comprising lowering the load of diseases and antibiotic resistance, mitigating stress and enhancing the immunity of poultry birds.
Keywords: Poultry Probiotics, Intestinal Flora, Mitigate Stress, Immunity Booster, Healthy Production
| 5 |
Author(s):
Habiba Asif, Ammara Ameer, Aysha Sameen, Muhammad Saim Arif, Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid.
Page No : 9-10
|
Milk Fat Depression in High-Yielding Cows: Reasons and Mitigation Strategies
Abstract
Milk fat depression (MFD) is a nutritional disorder primarily driven by dietary imbalances. In a high yielder dairy cattle, fat is the main energy-driving nutrient. In MFD, there is a clear reduction in milk fat yield. Limited substrate availability due to alteration in rumen fermentation along with other factors like using coarse ration, high fermentable diets, or using supplements that affect rumen microbial population can cause MFD. This shrinks the profit margins for suppliers as MFD causes a significant decrease in value-added products. High-grain diets alter the rumen fermentation process, producing trans fatty acids (FA) that inhibit milk fat synthesis, which then leads to high propionate production, which decreases rumen pH and ultimately decreases acetate production, causing MFD. Balancing diet, Monitoring rumen pH, using inert fat, good feeding management, and eliminating environmental stressors can be helpful in the elimination of this disorder.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Dleen Salman Ismael.
Page No : 11-12
|
The Role of Nanoparticles in Managing Hydatid Disease
Abstract
Hydatid disease, caused by the parasitic infection from Echinococcus granulosus, presents significant treatment challenges due to its complex pathology and the limitations of conventional therapies. Recent advancements in nanomedicine offer promising avenues for improving both treatment and diagnosis of this condition. This article aimed at the potential applications of nanotechnology in hydatid disease management, focusing on targeted drug delivery systems and innovative diagnostic techniques.
Nanoparticles, such as silver, gold, and other metal-based formulations, have demonstrated effective scolicidal properties against hydatid cyst protoscolices. Studies indicate that these nanoparticles can enhance the efficacy of drugs like albendazole while minimizing side effects by delivering therapeutic agents directly to the cysts. For instance, gold nanoparticles have shown significant destruction of protoscolices under laser irradiation, achieving up to 89.3% mortality rates in experimental settings.
In addition to therapeutic applications, nanoparticles are being developed to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of hydatid disease. These sensors leverage the unique properties of nanomaterials to detect cysts non-invasively, potentially revolutionizing current diagnostic methods. Despite these advancements, challenges such as biodistribution, toxicity, and resistance remain obstacles that require further investigation. Nonetheless, integrations nanotechnology into hydatid disease management holds promise for enhancing treatment efficacy and improving patient outcomes in the future.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Ahmad Raheem Rayshan, Affaf Ahsan, Hassan Imam, Samee Ullah, Samra Bashir, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 13-14
|
Animal nutrition and Role of Probiotics
Abstract
The productivity, health, and well-being of companion animals and cattle are greatly influenced by animal nutrition. Veterinarians are leading the way in converting research results into workable strategies for maximizing animal health and performance as scientific and technological developments continue to transform the field of animal nutrition. In addition to the rapid advancement of livestock breeding techniques, breeders' expectations for feed additives that can ensure faster growth rates, protect against pathogenic infections, and enhance other production parameters like feed absorption and meat, milk, and egg quality are also rising. The usage of probiotics is seen with high hopes. Employed primarily to preserve the balance of the livestock's intestinal microbiota, they seem to be a successful strategy in the battle against infections that endanger both animals and humans.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Hamayun Khan.
Page No : 15-16
|
Advances in the Development of Sub-unit Vaccines Against Vibrio cholera
Abstract
Vibrio cholera, a bacterium that causes cholera disease, has evolved over time, with new strains emerging and replacing old ones, highlighting the need for effective vaccines. Subunit vaccines, which use specific antigens to stimulate immune responses, offer a promising approach, with advances in proteomics and immunoinformatics driving innovation. Cholera vaccines have improved significantly, with subunit vaccines demonstrating exceptional efficacy rates and providing extended immune defense and broad-spectrum protection. Researchers are exploring new approaches, including multivalent vaccines, mucosal vaccines, and innovative delivery methods, to address challenges in global accessibility, immunosenescence, and vaccine effectiveness. The development of effective cholera vaccines is crucial to reducing the global burden of cholera and improving public health outcomes, particularly in low-income countries with inadequate sanitation and hygiene.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Duaa Hayat, Dr.Rais Ahmed, Hafsa Munir, Muhammad Ahsan, Iqra Naeem, Kashif Prince.
Page No : 17-18
|
Novel Vaccine Approaches for Bovine Brucellosis: Progress and Prospects
Abstract
Mastitis resulting from bovine brucellosis especially by Brucella abortus is a major challenge to livestock health and has considerable economic and public health impact. Vaccination is very vital in this disease though earlier vaccines like RB51 and S19 have several immorality. For instance they have several side effects and do not offer comprehensive protection. This article examines new strategies in the development of vaccines that focus on improving the effectiveness and lesser risk of adverse effects. It includes genetically engineered vaccines, subunit and virus-vectored vaccines, with new technologies like DNA and mRNA vaccines. New study points towards significant advancements and the use of a two-dose vaccination approach. This article focuses on further studies and cross-ventures in developing better vaccine approaches to enhance the management of bovine brucellosis in livestock stocks.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Noor Haider, saleha Tahir .
Page No : 19-20
|
Role of Clostridium perfringens in causing clostridial mynecrosis in humans
Abstract
The Clostridium species is responsible for gas gangrene, a lethal bacterial myonecrosis. Though it has been associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality, it is fortunately rare in children. With the developments in veterinary and medical research, a significant amount of data regarding the factors influencing the onset, course, and results of necrotic illnesses caused by C. perfringens is gathering. Clostridial myonecrosis remains a major cause of sickness and mortality among people worldwide. Robust bacterial exotoxins are involved in both the severe tissue damage and the subsequent systemic symptoms, both directly and indirectly. The management trifecta of early identification, substantial surgical removal of necrotic tissue, and administration of antibiotics that inhibit the production of toxins remains the gold standard of care.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Hamza, Iqra Lodhi, Mahnoor, Kashish Fatima, Ahmad Ramzan Noor.
Page No : 21-23
|
The Role of Nutrition and Diet in Breast Cancer Prevention and Recovery
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases which increases mortality rates in women globally. The role of nutrition and diet focuses on the prevention of breast cancer and better recovery of affected people, as well as how specific nutrients can influence the onset, evolution, and reclamation of fetal disease. One of the major causes through which diet can affect breast cancer is by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, or hormone levels in the body. Nutrition with a high content of antioxidants, fiber, and vitamins can reduce the risk factor of Breast cancer. Nutrition can play a vital role in mitigating the side effects of some medical therapies such as chemotherapy, and radiation help in immune function, and promote tissue repair. Obesity and un-healthy eating routines are saviors in reducing breast cancer risk, as diets rich in processed foods and sugars provide an environment favorable to cancer. Weight maintenance through balanced nutrition is crucial for lowering reappearance risk and improving survivors' quality of life. Furthermore, nutrition helps recover breast cancer during and after treatment by replacing exhausted nutrients, boosting immunity, and managing side effects. Sustainable dietary approaches focused on whole, unprocessed foods can save against recurrence and enhance overall well-being.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Talha Javaid, Mubasher Hussain, Atiq ur Rehman, Faizan Ahmad.
Page No : 24-26
|
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (Blue Eyes) in Dog population in District Faisalabad, Pakistan: Five case reports
Abstract
The five cases of infectious canine hepatitis/blue eyes occurring in district Faisalabad, Pakistan between 2022 and 2024 in different breeds of dog population mainly (Golden labrador retriever, German shepherd and mixed breeds) were diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination and LFT’s report. History of inappropriate vaccination was the main predisposing factor leading towards blue eyes. All of these dogs were suffering mainly from unilateral or bilateral corneal opacity/corneal edema. LFT’s report in one of the infected golden labrador dog indicated that there were increased levels of liver enzymes mainly AST and ALT. Symptomatic treatment was initiated. Hepatoprotective agents were prescribed orally as well as topically homeopathic eye drops were initiated to treat corneal edema/corneal opacity. Overall, prognosis of the disease was found good. Dogs were recovered completely after 7-10 days of regular therapy.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Anum Khan, Sayed Wifaq Ahmad, Laiba Batool, M.Waseem Akram, Shafiq Ur Rehman.
Page No : 27-28
|
Gene Editing for Disease Resistance in Animals
Abstract
Gene editing is a novel genetic engineering technique that allows for exact modification of an organism's genome's particular gene sequence. Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like endonucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas9 systems have been used to alter endogenous genes in organisms over the past ten years due to the quick advancement of gene editing technology. Nowadays, a variety of animals, including mice, zebrafish, pigs, cattle, goats, sheep, rabbits, and primates, have been subjected to gene editing technologies. Traditional breeding often finds it challenging to develop agricultural animals to be disease-resistant, but gene editing technology has made this process simpler. In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution and use of genome editing technologies in animal resistance breeding. Additionally, we go over the potential and outlooks of gene editing technology in disease resistance breedings.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Madiha Sarfraz , Zainab Fatima, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 29-30
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae: Insights into Plasmid-Mediated Resistance and it’s impact on antibiotics
Abstract
Plasmids include genes that code for precise functions, like resistance to antibiotic and virulence factors, which allow microorganisms to survive treatment and flourish in the hostile host environment. Organized with other genetic components like integrating genes and transposons, plasmids help transmit these traits through a variety of mechanisms, essentially removing barriers between different bacterial species. This article reviews the physiology of plasmids and how they contribute to the virulence and resistant to antibiotic of the opportunistic pathogen K. pneumoniae. This bacterium has become resistant to several medications, is the cause of serious illness that are acquired in both hospitals and the general public. Most hospital infections in the US are brought on by bacteria that are members of the recently discovered.
| 15 |
Author(s):
M Zaigham Javed, Nimra khan, Azeem Haider, M Kaif, Sharmeen Zulfiqar.
Page No : 31-32
|
Next-Generation Sequencing in the Future Diagnosis of Molecular Biology
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing is an innovative method of recognizing genetic mutations and changes in the sequencing of DNA or RNA. Next-generation sequencing generates large amounts of sequence data faster than the traditional Sanger sequencing approach. It is performed in various steps, including DNA fragmentation, Gene Library, Sequencing, and Data analysis. Second-generation sequencing includes Pyrosequencing and Ion torrent sequencing available for clinical diagnosis. Nanopore sequencing is the fourth hybrid NGS and does not require PCR amplification. NGS is widely used to identify inherited genetic disorders, novel cancer mutations, drug resistance, HLA typing, and sequencing of meta-genomics. It is concluded that NGS has changed the landscape in clinical settings and research studies. Using this technique, a lot of complex sequencing is reachable that was not attainable with traditional methods. Implementing NGS in clinical settings will enhance healthcare outcomes and improve patient care.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Murtaza, Hafiz Mustafa Saeed, Muhammad Maaz Habib, Muhammad Abdullah.
Page No : 33-35
|
Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review of its Toxicity and Effective Reduction Techniques
Abstract
Plants are considered as an efficient source of energy and food for almost all organisms. They protect their selves from dangers by adopting a fighting mechanism which involves releasing of inborn chemicals called secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites such as glucosinolate found in cruciferous family and they can have adverse effects on health if an exposure of short or long tenure occurs. The exposure can be fatal for the humans by affecting organs such as kidneys, reproductive system and immune function and may cause chronic irreversible negative health problems. So, in order to overcome the negative health effects of these metabolites, different conventional and innovative food processing technologies have been studied that could remarkably diminish most of the harmful substances in food to the acceptable level.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Maaz Habib, Muhammad Abdullah.
Page No : 36-37
|
Digitalization in Food Supply Chains: Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Pathways to Enhanced Food Security
Abstract
Food supply chain involves various stages from its harvesting to end consumer but unfortunately, a large proportion of this valuable food got wasted. As food security is the rising concern in this era so it is difficult to address this issue without the incorporation of modern technologies. The use of AI, ML, Big Data, Block chain technology and IoT has become necessary to avoid these challenges. This study focuses on how these modern approaches benefiting the global food supply with increased food safety and trust among the consumers. However, this review also brings to light potential hurdles for their implementation which must be conquer to unleash their complete prospects.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Murtaza , Muhammad Maaz Habib, Muhammad Abdullah.
Page No : 38-40
|
Formulation of Soy Patties Using Hydrocolloids: Creating a Viable Plant-Based Meat Alternative
Abstract
The rapid population growth challenges the protein supply from livestock, making plant- based meat a viable alternative. Soybean, a legume with various health benefits, represents a healthy substitute. Defatted soy flour (byproduct of soybeans) is used as a main ingredient in the development of soy-based meat substitutes due to high protein content. Hydrocolloid incorporation contributes to enhance the sensory qualities and structural characteristics of soy-based meat owing to their thickening, gelation, and stabilizing properties. Five treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) was made using different combinations of xanthan gum and guar gum, while T0 (control sample) was prepared without adding gums. Soy patties were subjected to comprehensive technical and sensory analysis and results showed that the treatment T3 (2% xanthan & 2% guar gum) and T5 (4% xanthan gum) showed overall best results as compared to control sample in which no hydrocolloid was being added.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Sadaf, Saira Rehman, Noreen Aslam, Javeeria Khalid, Sadaqat Ali, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 41-42
|
Phytochemicals as Alternative Treatments for Salmonella: Efficiency and Mechanism
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms has made treating many infectious diseases effectively challenging and poses a major global risk. In worldwide Salmonella is most frequent causes of foodborne diseases. It has recently become evident that the effective control of this and other pathogenic bacteria depends on their resistance to antibiotics. The production of natural goods derived from plants is becoming more and more popular as a means of treating and preventing harmful diseases. Phytochemicals and herbal remedies have been utilized for their strong antibacterial properties since the beginning of time. Medicinal herbs that possess antibacterial properties and combine phytochemicals and antibiotics have demonstrated synergistic effect against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. This article focuses on the how Salmonella developed resistance to antibiotics, mechanism and use of plant derived medicines against Salmonella. There is also discussion of the developments and possible future uses of phytochemicals in the fight against resistance.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Jaweria Akhlaq , M. Shahzaib .
Page No : 43-44
|
Insight into Breast Cancer: aetiology,diagnosis,and Advanced Therapies
Abstract
Breast cancer develops through refined way involving genetic, hormonal, environmental and habits influences. Genetic mutations, notably genes such asa BRCA1, BRCA2, HER2, PIK3CA play important |a crucial|a vital|a very important} role inside development of cancer through important cellular gesture pathways such as MAPK and PI3K Hormones, uniquely Allosome levels high and affected soft fertile history in association with cancer risk, especially Fertility time line asu Diagnostic method such as , ultrasound, MRI, and tissue prudent examination helps to accurately diagnose and classify the cancer cells . Chiq techniques such as genomic recognition nd liquid treatment have improved customised treatment, scared of many targeted interventions. Efforts instruct the public , improve screening protocols, and improve diagnostic tools zone unit important within the management of cancer.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Nabeela Jabeen, Fariha Munir, Fizza Riaz, Noor ul ain Arshad , Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 45-46
|
Human malarial parasite plasmodium: An overview
Abstract
The Plasmodium spp. parasite causes malaria that infects vertebrates and is spread via female Anopheles mosquito bites. The Plasmodium species leading to malaria in humans are not monophyletic; they have common ancestors with parasites that infect nonhuman primates. Every year, there are 300–500 million cases of malaria worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum is mostly responsible for the 1.5 - 2.3 million deaths due to malaria that occur each year. Coordinated regulation of gene expression is necessary for Plasmodium falciparum's complex life cycle in order to facilitate host cell invasion, transmission, and immune evasion. A potential strategy to stop transmission would involve using a mix of long-acting gametocidal and fast-acting schizontocidal medications. Research is still being done to develop better diagnostic techniques, create therapies that work, and put in place long-term programs to manage and eradicate malaria. In this study, we review P. falciparum transmission by discussing gametocyte targetable features and offering a prediction on a forward-genetic method for future identification of novel candidates that block transmission.
