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Author(s):
Taiba Zaheer.
Page No : 1-2
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Potato wilt disease; Identification, Impact and Management strategies
Abstract
R. solanacearum causes potato wilt disease, which damages or plugs the xylem and affects water transport, causing wilt in solanaceous and other host plants. Because of its high nutritional content and efficient use of water, potatoes are regarded as an important crop for food security. Environmental factors that affect disease development include temperature, salinity, and nutrition; as a result, yield loss can surpass 90%. The spread of illness and pathogens can be inhibited by crop rotation, insect control, processed compost, chemicals like urea and NPK fertilizer, and biocontrol agents like cruciferous plants and lemon essential oils.
Key words: Identification, Disease, Potato, Management, control.
2 |
Author(s):
Saad Karim Abbasi, AHMAD RAZA, Taimor Badshah, Hamza Imtiaz , Muhammad Huzaifa Ahmad .
Page No : 3-4
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The Potential of Gamma Delta T Cells in Cancer Treatment
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the major diseases in the world and 2 million new cases are estimated to appear this year. Nature has provided the body with an immune system to combat these situations. The immune system consists of numerous cells throughout the body. But the one that stands out is Gamma Delta T Cell (γδ T cell) because of its unique ability to recognize and target cancer cells independently of MHC antigen presentation. Despite being less in circulation than other lymphocytes, they exhibit various mechanisms that help them eliminate cancer cells. These cells have been stimulated and expanded using different phospho-antigens and have shown promising anti-tumor abilities. Despite their potential, clinical results show limited efficacy of these cells. However, with recent advances in genetic engineering and synthetic biology, an exciting prospect for improving cancer treatment seems like the near future.
3 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa , Dleen Salman Ismael.
Page No : 5-6
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Relation between Chronic Toxoplasmosis and Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Because of its neurotropic properties and involvement in the emergence of mental and behavioral disorders, toxoplasmosis is a serious public health concern. The significant neurological condition known as Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the brain's neurons to die irreversibly and the amount of beta-amyloid plaque to decrease. This article aimed to find out if there is an association between latent toxoplasmosis and AD. This article finds there is a potential correlation between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and AD, even though a small number of studies assessed the relationship between AD and toxoplasmosis. Therefore, it is clear that more attention should be paid to the clinically significant topic of whether toxoplasmosis and AD are related.
Keywords: Latent toxoplasmosis, Alzheimer's disease, Dementia, Risk factor
4 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha , Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa, Amal Jameel Sadiq, Dleen Salman Ismael.
Page No : 7-8
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Winter Woes: Understanding Viral Infectious Diseases in Cold Weather
Abstract
Since yearly outbreaks of influenza and the common cold strike the human population in temperate zones like clockwork during the winter, people have known for thousands of years that respiratory viral infections follow a seasonal cycle. Viruses like the respiratory syncytial virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 also create epidemics in the winter. For years, researchers have studied and discussed the factors behind the seasonality of respiratory virus infections. Human behavior and changes in environmental circumstances are the two main contributing causes. This article aimed to present the main winter infectious viruses. This article provides an overview of several viruses that tend to become active during the winter.
Keywords: Winter, Infectious viruses, Common cold, Flu, RSV, COVID-19,
5 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Nadeem Ahmed , Muhammad Mueen Akhter, Ameer Hamza , Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 9-10
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Exploring the Medicinal Plants from the Mountains of Dhok Talian, Chakwal, Pakistan
Abstract
Dhok Tahlian is located in Chakwal District on the Pothohar Plateau, Pakistan. Rich in biological diversity and many medicinal plants have important healing potential. This study explores a unique ecosystem. cultural heritage and medicinal value of Dhok-Talian plants. These species are widely used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties. Even though it is important Dhoktalian biodiversity also faces threats from overharvesting. habitat invasion climate change and invasive species Conservation measures are needed to protect this ecosystem. and including the creation of protected areas Promoting sustainable harvests and educating local communities about the importance of conservation. Combining traditional knowledge with scientific research. This study highlights the need for sustainable practices and conservation strategies. These findings provide insights into the sustainable use and conservation of natural medicinal resources. This will promote both ecological and economic benefits.
6 |
Author(s):
Zarrish Rafique, Husnain Riaz, Ali Ahmad, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 11-13
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Biological Applications and Management of Turf grass in Agricultural Landscapes
Abstract
Turfgrass plays an important role in stabilizing the soil, improving water retention, improving soil health, and preventing erosion. It also acts as a natural biofilter, improving water quality by reducing pollutant runoff. In addition, turfgrass supports ecosystems by sequestering carbon, storing atmospheric carbon in soil, and providing habitat for microorganisms and wildlife Effective management practices such as species selection, irrigation a combination of crop rotation, nutrient management, and pest management to maintain turfgrass health and reduced inputs Aside from the necessity, innovation in climate resistant diversity and sustainable use provides greater potential to address challenges such as water scarcity and climate change function Overall, turfgrass is a multifunctional asset in agricultural landscapes, promoting sustainable development and enhancing ecosystem services.
7 |
Author(s):
Zarrish Rafique, Husnain Riaz, Ali Ahmad, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 14-15
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Emerging Trends in the Floriculture Industry: Adapting to Market Demands and Consumer Preferences
Abstract
The flower industry is undergoing rapid transformation in response to evolving market demands and changing consumer preferences. This article explores the key emerging trends reshaping the industry with a focus on sustainability, digital innovation and changing consumer behavior. Growing demand for environmentally friendly, locally sourced flowers is forcing growers to adopt sustainable practices such as organic farming, reducing carbon footprints, and the rise of personalized floral arrangements, online shopping and subscription services reflect consumers' desire for customization and convenience. Technological advances, including hydroponics, automation and augmented reality, are changing agribusiness strategies. In addition, companies' responses to climate change, economic instability and ethical sourcing are critical to long-term success. The paper highlights the importance of flexibility and innovation in flower production, highlighting opportunities in emerging markets and the role of technology in shaping future trends. Ultimately, the flower industry must evolve to meet the needs of today's consumers.
8 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Ume Salma, Nadeem Ahmed, Ali Ahmad, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 16-18
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Overview of Shrimp Farming in Pakistan
Abstract
Shrimp farming in Pakistan is an emerging sector with significant economic and ecological impacts. This article explores the current state of shrimp farming. Economic Potential, Challenges and Trends Pakistan's coastal waters offer many opportunities for aquaculture but the industry remains underdeveloped compared to global standards. The main shrimp farms are located in Sindh and Balochistan, with Penaeus wannamei (white shrimp) and Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp) being the main species. Important challenges insufficient infrastructure limited technical expertise and environmental concerns such as habitat degradation. However, government initiatives international cooperation and advances in aquaculture technology are gradually improving the sector. This review emphasizes the need for sustainable practices and policy reforms to unlock the full potential of shrimp farming in Pakistan in line with global aquaculture development trends.
9 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Ahmad Afzal , Dr. Neelum Shahzadi, Muhammad Naeem Zafar, Dr. Eman Mukhtar, Mujahid Ul Islam.
Page No : 19-20
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Celiac Disease; its Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Abstract
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the presence of gluten in diet. Mainly it damages the small intestine. Typical symptoms of celiac disease are chronic diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation and foul-smelling stools. Celiac disease produces a series of complications like lactose intolerance, nutritional malabsorption and deficiency of vitamins. This disease is mostly common in children, but adults and older people can also be affected by this. The only effective treatment for this disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Celiac disease is easily confusable with other disorders, so a proper examination is needed. This confusion is also the reason for delayed diagnosis. Celiac disease is spread all around the globe with varying statistics. Its patients have genetic variants that are responsible for initiating autoimmune and inflammatory reactions. Serological blood testing is the primary technique in diagnosis followed by endoscopy and biopsies. Several researches are still underway to treat CD without diet.
10 |
Author(s):
Assam Ali, Habiba Asif, Waseem Abbas, Faisal Ramzan, Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid.
Page No : 21-22
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Post parturient haemoglobinuria in lactating Buffaloes
Abstract
Postpartum Hemoglobinuria (PPH) is a metabolic disorder seen around the world effecting high producing buffaloes and cows mostly in their 3rd to 6th lactation or in pregnancy. This disease is critically dangerous, if left untreated it becomes highly lethal causing intravascular hemolysis and anemia. Along with phosphorous deficiency, low serum copper level and hemolytic toxin containing crops like cruciferous plants can trigger its progression. The soil low in phosphorous give rise to phosphorous deficient plants which further results in to hypophosphatemia. Elevated sulfur and lack of copper also raise the risk of PPH. The clinical signs include diminished appetite, red to dark brown color of urine (Red water name given because of this), pale mucous membrane, and reduced milk production. The buffaloes that are effected severally require blood transfusion and supportive therapies. Buffaloes can be treated with parental phosphorous supplements, IV administration of sodium acid phosphate, complemented by oral di-calcium phosphate, is quite effective.
11 |
Author(s):
Neelam Arshad.
Page No : 23-24
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Common Winter Infectious Diseases in Humans and Contributing Factors
Abstract
Winter season provides favorable conditions for certain pathogens and causes different infectious diseases in humans. These infectious diseases include respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and bacterial infections. The causative agent of the well-known COVID-19 pandemic (coronavirus) flourished in the winter season. Many seasonal variations are cyclic and cause the peak incidence, transmission, and spread of these infectious diseases from person to person. Many factors are responsible for their rapid spread including increased indoor activity, poor ventilation, vitamin D deficiency, weakened immune system, host anti-viral mechanisms, and climate change. Early detection and optimization of preventive strategies e.g., routine vaccination, proper ventilation, boosting the immune system, etc. are necessary to prevent outbreaks of these infectious diseases.
12 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Sarmed Abdullah Ajeel , Sakar Abubakr Abdullah , Sazan Faraj Mustafa , Darya Salman Ismael .
Page No : 25-26
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Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
One of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease affects millions of individuals globally and rises in incidence and prevalence with age. Cognitive decline is linked exclusively to cholinergic neuron loss, its defining feature. AD is a complicated condition that is associated with several risk factors, including genetics, aging, damage to the vascular system, head trauma, infections (such as bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections), and environmental factors (such as trace elements and heavy metals). The fact that there are currently few treatments for this illness that primarily target symptom relief makes the issue even more basic. Even though the disease's cause is yet unknown, this article focused on what Alzheimer's disease is, its causes, diagnosis, treatment, and care.
13 |
Author(s):
Sabeeka Sajjal, Rabia Ahmed, Aishmal.
Page No : 27-29
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Respiratory Syncytical Virus: Transmission Dynamics and Prevention
Abstract
One of the main causes of lower respiratory tract disorders in both young infants and the elderly is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Despite being discovered in 1955, there is still no effective RSV vaccine, and the only approved treatment is the use of a humanized monoclonal antibody for passive immunoprophylaxis in high-risk newborns. Furthermore, recurrent wheeze and asthma in infancy and children are linked to early-life RSV infection. There are four main ways that respiratory syncytial viruses can spread: by direct physical touch, indirect contact (fomite), big droplets, and small aerosols. To determine the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the population, it is essential to comprehend the relative contributions of various mechanisms of transmission. It ought to be more efficient to interfere with several transmission modalities rather than just one. In RSV season, palivizumab is being administered. Numerous vaccines and drugs have been developed as a result of recent advancements.
14 |
Author(s):
Ume Salma, Shazba Aziz, Abu Talib, Tasawar Iqbal, Nadeem Ahmed, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 30-32
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Nanoparticles in Targeted Drug Delivery: Biochemical Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery system development revolutionized modern therapeutics, with nanoparticles at the forefront as agents improving drug efficacy with minimal side effects. This review will examine the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles that allow their application in drug delivery, particularly regarding their ability to take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect in diseased tissues. It throws light on different types of nanoparticles, namely, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and metal-based NPs for their efficacy in anticancer therapy, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and infections. Drug delivery mechanisms have been divided into passively and actively targeted drug delivery and reviewed cellular uptake pathways by which they attain precise localization. The toxicity and regulatory challenges affecting the clinical applications have also been discussed which has given a lot of emphasis on the need for continuous research and innovation. It thus emphasizes the fields where nanomedicine may change treatment outlooks by providing more efficient and targeted therapies.
15 |
Author(s):
samra Bashir , Manahil Farooq, Khadija Majeeb, Rao Zahid Abbas, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 33-34
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Lifestyle Factors and Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become much more common and concerning since it was first identified in the early 1900s. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent type of dementia. A number of curable medical illnesses and lifestyle decisions are modifiable risk factors for AD development. The etiology and clinical effects of AD may be influenced by the molecular mechanisms of these risk factors. Among other factors, the aging of the population, which is somewhat observed globally, contributes to the rising prevalence of AD. Life expectancy continues to rise due to ongoing improvements in healthcare. The true frequency of AD is probably far lower than official figures show. Since its aetiology is yet unknown, research into all possible risk factors that could contribute to the disease's development is essential.
16 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Adnan Haider, Sidra Anwar, Zainab Shabbir, Nizwa Ishtiaq, Samra Bashir, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 35-36
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Emotional and Mental Health Impacts of Diabetes: An overview
Abstract
Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disease that impacts an individual's intellectual, emotional, social, and physical well-being. Additionally, neglected mental health issues, which are particularly common in patients with diabetes, can have serious negative effect on the patient's social life and general well-being. The effects of psychological responses and uncontrolled mental distresses on general health are less well understood than the extensive studies on psychological treatments and diabetic management. Therefore, the recent study emphasizes the need for professional psychologists in addressing the mental and emotional requirements of patients with diabetes, diabetologists, and other mental health professionals play in helping these patients deal with their issues. By concentrating on current programs and activities, health care systems should be reinforced to enhance the provision of mental health treatment.
17 |
Author(s):
Madiha Sarfraz, Minha Batool, Maryam Zahid, Noor Hyder, Khadija Majeeb, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 37-38
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Decoding Alzhiemer’s: Innovations and Insights for a brighter future
Abstract
Alzheimer's dementia is the most prevalent neurodegenerative illness, is quickly becoming as a major global public health issue. Since there is currently no treatment, prevention remains the primary focus despite years of research into various therapeutic options. The clinical and physiological phases of the AD spectrum are updated in this review, along with treatment limitations, research models utilized in AD, and risk factors for AD therapy. The method of distributing drugs to the central nervous system is still complex, which makes developing therapeutic and preventative strategies challenging. Novel approaches to improving the brain's chemical absorption capacity are being studied. According to recent neuropathological, biochemical, and neuroimaging studies, 20% to 30% of older adults who are cognitively healthy have biomarkers of AD in their brains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), highlighting the need of early AD detection. This article lists gene therapy, immunotherapy, and quantum dots as advancements in Alzheimer's disease treatment methods and outlines current views on the illness's etiology. The future of Alzheimer's disease treatment is believed to lie in brain imaging, theranostics, artificial intelligence, and biomarkers.
18 |
Author(s):
Sadaf, Laiba Shehzadi, Khadija Ishtiaq, Muqadus Nawaz, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 39-40
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Bronchitis in winters: understanding the seasonal infetion
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change have been linked in studies to the human respiratory syncytial virus, which causes seasonal acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis. As winter draws near, many people experience a range of respiratory issues as the temperature drops. Inflammation of the bronchial passageways is the hallmark of bronchitis, a common condition that is sometimes exacerbated by the winter months. Although bronchitis can occur at any time of year, research indicates that chilly temperatures and fog appear to have a unique way of initiating and intensifying the symptoms of the condition. In the winter season, there happens to be an increase in the instances of bronchitis, especially chronic bronchitis or flare-up of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cold, chilly weather and indoor dry air's increased ratio of respiratory infections are the key factors that can worsen or trigger bronchitis symptoms. In this extension article, we'll talk about the link between bronchitis, fog, and cold weather, as well as the reasons why individuals should exercise extra caution throughout the winter.
19 |
Author(s):
Nadeem Ahmed, Tasawar Iqbal, Ume Salma, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 41-43
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Plant-Derived Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine: A Novel Approach to Zoonotic Disease Management
Abstract
Plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs) offer a novel approach to managing zoonotic diseases in veterinary medicine, providing sustainable, eco-friendly, and effective solutions. These nanoparticles, synthesized using plant extracts, exhibit remarkable antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, making them ideal for treating infections in animals. PDNPs enhance drug delivery systems by targeting specific sites, improving therapeutic outcomes while reducing resistance in zoonotic pathogens. They also contribute a lot in vaccine development and immunomodulation and enhanced the immunity response against diseases such as rabies, brucellosis, and avian influenza. Beyond direct therapeutic uses, PDNPs play a part in One Health by reducing the disease transmission from animal to human and good health. Challenges still abound in issues concerning scalability, regulatory approval, and environmental safety. Future research should focus on optimizing synthesis methods and ensuring an opportunity for potential commercialization, aiming to integrate PDNPs into routine veterinary practice for a more efficient and sustainable management of zoonotic diseases.
20 |
Author(s):
Reesha Shahid, Sana Parveen, Javeria Naeem.
Page No : 44-45
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Antibiotic Resistance in Dairy Microorganisms
Abstract
This review article examines the emergence and impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in dairy microorganisms, with a focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae and other significant pathogens in dairy environments. AMR poses a serious threat to public health, complicating the treatment of infections and increasing the risks of disease spread, severe illness, and mortality. The review explores the mechanisms through which bacteria acquire resistance, including enzymatic degradation, protein modification, and altered membrane permeability. A particular emphasis is placed on the rising resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to essential antibiotics, such as carbapenems, and the need for innovative detection techniques to identify resistant strains. Factors contributing to AMR in dairy, including the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials, are discussed, alongside global efforts to promote responsible antimicrobial use through initiatives by organizations like the WHO, FAO, and OIE. Public health hazards associated with AMR in dairy farming, such as zoonotic diseases, foodborne infections, and occupational risks, are also considered. The review highlights the importance of strategic planning, education, and research to develop effective antimicrobial stewardship practices, ensuring the sustainable growth of the dairy industry while mitigating public health risks.
21 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Ali Hasnain Shah, Zubair Azhar Nomi, Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Tahir, Shahid Ali Rajput.
Page No : 46-47
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Advancement in milk yield and quality improvement via selective breeding and genetic engineering in dairy cows
Abstract
Dairy farming has remarkably evolved since the Europeans introduced it in the 15th century due to its transformation from natural grazing systems to technologically advanced operations. In the early stages, dairy cows were grazed on natural pastures and after the 1960s the milk yield was significantly boosted by advancements in management practices, supplementary feeding, and selective breeding. By the 1980s, innovations like improved nutritional standards and roughage quality drove milk production. In the United States between 1993 and 2002, genetic advancements accounted for a 55% increase in milk yield per cow and underscored the critical role of selective breeding in dairy farming. Beyond conventional methods, genetic engineering offers promising avenues to enhance milk composition and yield by addressing consumer demands and profitability for producers. Technologies such as DNA recombination and marker-assisted selection are instrumental in producing transgenic animals with altered milk properties including reduced fat content for health-conscious consumers. These scientific breakthroughs combined with modern genome editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 signify a new era in dairy farming.