| 1 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Muazim Sharif, Muhammad Naeem, Ifrah Tahir, Sofia Qasim.
Page No : 1-2
|
Metals Toxicity in Cattle: Focusing on Effective Management Strategies
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity has been proven to be a serious risk, and it is associated with several health issues. Heavy metals bioaccumulate in living organisms, they contaminate the food chain and may threaten animals. Heavy metal contamination sources are automobiles, groundwater, animal feed, fertilizers, paints and industries. The nephrotoxic effects of As, Cd and Pb are well known and high levels of naturally occurring atmospheric metals as occupational populations with high exposures have been linked to kidney impairment.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Haleema Sadia, Zainish Sahbaz , Imama Nasir, Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Imran .
Page No : 3-4
|
Ticks and tick Control Strategies with Perspective of One Health
Abstract
Ticks are a huge issue for both livestock and people in Pakistan. They can spread a bunch of different diseases, like protozoa, viruses, and even bacteria like spirochetes. Ticks are a major source of pathogens that can be passed on to people and animals. Favourable climatic and environmental conditions increase the production of ticks, but they're mainly found in the summer months (June-September) and goats are more likely to get them than sheep. Babesia, Theileriosis, and CCHF are all tick-borne illnesses that affect people who work with cattle, like slaughterhouses, veterinarians and hospitals. CCHF has been a problem in Pakistan for the past 16 years, with an average of 24% of cases resulting in death. To get rid of ticks and stop the spread of zoonotic diseases, mass tick control campaigns have been put in place in Punjab and Sind. These campaigns use lots of deltamethrin, as well as Ivermection. Tick control methods have been used for decades around the world, but only chemical methods are still used in Pakistan. The effectiveness of each method depends on the number of ticks, their dispersal, their morphology, and the host species. We're using too much of these chemicals to try and get rid of ticks on people and animals. We need to keep coming up with new ways to get rid of ticks, like using tickbot, using bait boxes, finding new vaccines, taking advantage of the natural wildlife, and using natural pesticides. All of these things will help us get rid of the ticks and have a huge impact on reducing the number of them. Modification of habitat, enviornment and integrated pest control techniques are used to control ticks with perspective of one health.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Abdul Raheem, Muhammad Zaid Khalil, Tayyab Zahid.
Page No : 5-6
|
Demystified Hepatitis A: The Comprehensive Guide
Abstract
Hepatitis A has the most viremic prevalence among all other forms of hepatitis. It is caused by the non-enveloped virus of the Picornaviridae family. It can be transmitted between humans and varies in prevalence in different regions. Factors like contaminated food and water, as well as crowded and unsanitary living conditions, contribute to the virus's spread. Symptoms range from no apparent signs to severe liver disease, with jaundice, fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain being common. Young children and older adults are at higher risk of severe complications. Timely diagnosis through testing is essential for proper public health management. Prevention, especially through vaccination campaigns targeting high-risk groups, has been effective in reducing infection rates.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan.
Page No : 7-8
|
The Classification of Depression and the Role of Nanomedicine in its Treatment
Abstract
The most prevalent mental disorder associated with stress is depression. It affects millions of people all around the world. Its development may involve influences from the biochemical, psychological, environmental, and genetic domains. Psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle modifications are commonly employed in the treatment of depression. The way antidepressant drugs function is by changing the amounts of specific molecules in the brain. The illness's present treatment plan includes several disadvantages, including side effects, inefficiency, long-term usage, stigma, and problems with the medication's cost. These side effects highlight the importance of more effective and cutting-edge approaches to treating anxiety, such as research into nanotechnology-based medicine delivery technologies. The possible advantages of using nanotechnology in the treatment of depressive disorder include greater drug effectiveness, fewer adverse reactions, fewer long-lasting medication effects, an improved comprehension of the neural mechanisms of sadness, and the possibility for the creation of specific medicines.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan.
Page No : 9-10
|
Association between Psychological Factors, Academic Performance, and Media Addiction
Abstract
Social networking sites and internet usage have significantly increased in recent decades, used not only for amusement and social interaction but also as instruments for meetings and business. Although there are many theories regarding the connection between this sort of use and the emergence of mental disease, certain investigations have produced empirical data. This study examines the connection between digital media use and anxiety or depression in a methodical manner. For both men and women, there were frequently distinct factors associated with problematic social media use. Other factors, like as use during the night, emotional engagement, and whether the person uses technology actively or passively, might also be important.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan.
Page No : 11-12
|
Unveiling the role of Ivermectin for effective control of Ticks! A myth
Abstract
Ticks pose a serious threat to human beings as well as livestock in Pakistan. These can disseminate a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa like rickettsia and spirochetes. Every ecological and topographical region in Pakistan is home to ticks. Pakistan has records of both cattle theileriosis and bovine babesiosis. A virus called Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is transmitted by ticks and affects those who work with cattle, such as veterinarians, hospitals, and slaughterhouse employees. At least 40 species of ticks exist, the majority of which being Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus. In Pakistan, goats are the primary hosts of ticks throughout the summer months of June to September. Anaplasma, Babesia, and Theileria species are among the tick-borne illnesses that are more prevalent in sheep than in goats. Occasional cases of CCHF outbreaks with a 24% mortality rate have been reported in Pakistan over the past sixteen years. To stop the spread of zoonotic diseases and manage tick populations, the provinces of Sind and Punjab have launched massive tick control initiatives. These ticks can be controlled in various ways but ivermectin has significant effects and most farmers are using it to combat tick- and tick-borne diseases.
Keywords: Ticks, Ectoparasites, ticks, ivermectin, diseases, animals.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Shizray Imtiaz Toor, Rao Zahid Abbas, Jovaria Khalid, M Saad Nauman, Hamza Aslam.
Page No : 13-14
|
Neurocysticercosis Cysticercal Epilepsy: Understanding the Complex Relationship Between Tapeworm Cysts and Seizures.
Abstract
Infection with the swine tapeworm (Taenia solium) causes a significant global burden of disease, not only in terms of human health, but also in terms of economic hardship on smallholder pig farmers due to pig cysticercosis infection. In most underdeveloped nations, neurocysticercosis accounts for around 30% of all epilepsy cases. The immune diagnosis of cysticercosis is complicated and heavily impacted by the course of infection, disease burden, cyst location, and the host's immunological response. The primary strategy to immune-diagnosis should thus be to determine whether the serological results are aligned with the imaging-based diagnosis. In an enzyme-linked immune-electro transfer blot format, antibodies are detected using lentil lectin-purified parasite antigens, whilst antigens are detected using a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Taenia solium’s life cycle, parasitology, and immunology is complicated. The 73rd World Health Assembly in November 2020 accepted the Organization's neglected tropical diseases plan for 2021-2030.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Sadia Batool, Rao Zahid Abbas, Samar Fatima, Sidra Batool, Kanwal Tariq , Amina Hussain.
Page No : 15-16
|
Tick-borne encephalitis virus
Abstract
The tick-borne encephalitis virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae. Its composition has three structural proteins and seven non-structural proteins and these all make the genomic structure of TBEV. TBEV also has subtypes that are based on genomic analysis. These subtypes are prevalent in numerous countries. The main reservoirs of the virus include rats, mice, and other rodents. Humans and domesticated animals are accidental hosts. They get the virus by the bite of an infected tick of Ixodes spp. or by taking raw milk products. If ticks pass a part of their life cycle on one host and the rest of their life is passed on another host, then chances of pathogen transmission are reduced. The symptoms of TBEV may be monophasic or biphasic. In biphasic disease, mild symptoms appear in the first phase, fatigue, pyrexia, and pain, but in the second phase, neurological symptoms are present. Serological and molecular methods are used for the diagnosis of TBEV in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. For treatment and prevention of TBEV, no antiviral treatment is available. Some countries have made vaccines that are used to produce an immune response for prophylactic control of TBEV.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Amina Mehmood, Amina Mehmood, Hadi Bux, aiman majeed, Niwaal Sameer, Edah Nyaab Victor.
Page No : 17-19
|
Staphylococcus aureus Infections and their treatment in Humans by Phage Therapy as an Alternative to Antibiotics
Abstract
Due to their potency against bacterial illnesses, the manufacture and use of antibiotics both greatly rose after World War II. However, bacterial resistance also developed and is currently a significant global problem. The high-risk individuals who require the most intensive treatment include those who suffer burns and various other wounds, and also those who have infections of the lungs caused by bacteria that have antibiotic-resistant, such as P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp., & Staphylococci. While funding for the research for novel antibiotics is decreasing, it is imperative to identify and develop alternate treatment strategies to deal with this issue. Phage (bacteriophage) therapy is one method that is becoming more and more popular. The rapid development of resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus is the main topic of this investigation. Phage therapy's potential in this situation is also discussed, as is its suitability for high-risk patients.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Parveena Bibi, Ali Zeeshan, Manahil Waheed, Ifrah Tahir, Zunaira Ghaffar.
Page No : 20-21
|
Phytochemical Solutions for Infectious Bursal Disease: A Sustainable Approach to Poultry Health
Abstract
IBD is a virus that can cause difficulties for young chicks because of its variable strains and insufficient vaccinations. Phytochemicals, derived from plants, have antiviral properties against IBDV. However, before exploring phytochemical therapies, one must understand the pathophysiology of IBD, hygienic guidelines, and challenges associated with immunization. Some plants rich in phytochemicals that may benefit chicken health include turmeric, green tea, garlic, licorice, neem, and ginger. The article analyzes the mechanisms of action, showing how phytochemicals reduce inflammation, strengthen immune responses, and inhibit the growth of viruses.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal*, Sidra Altaf, Ali Ahmad.
Page No : 22-23
|
Overview of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is a serious health issue everywhere in the world. This comes from a virus called HIV, which makes the immune system weaker. HIV can be spread through sex without a condom, sharing dirty needles, and other ways. It fights against CD4 cells and makes the immune system less strong. Reaching the final stage of AIDS means get sick from infections. Antiretroviral therapy helps to manage the virus and make life better. Although things have gotten a little better, unfair treatment is still happening and it's making it difficult for people to get the healthcare they need. Ongoing research is putting in a lot of effort to create a vaccine for HIV. We all need to work together all over the world to fight HIV/AIDS, understand it better, and keep finding better treatments.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael , Waleed Jameel Omer, Rand Bahdin Jalal.
Page No : 24-25
|
The Global Rise of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: An Emerging Threat
Abstract
Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is emerging as a significant global health concern, transcending its traditional geographic boundaries. The complex interplay of ecological, socioeconomic, and climatic factors underscores the need for a multifaceted approach to tackling this rising threat. International collaboration, research, and innovative strategies are essential to effectively control and prevent the further spread of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, safeguarding communities from the burdens imposed by this neglected tropical disease. This article underscores the need for international collaboration and innovative strategies to address the multifaceted challenges posed by the global arising of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to mitigate the impact of this emerging threat on public health.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael , Beri Adil Tawfeq, Amal Jamil Sadiq.
Page No : 26-27
|
Do you know the persistence of challenges posed by Zoonotic Helminthes
Abstract
Zoonotic helminths, parasitic worms capable of traversing species boundaries from animals to humans, present an enduring challenge to global public health. These intricate organisms encompass a diverse array of species, each possessing unique life cycles, transmission routes, and impacts on both animal and human populations. Despite significant advancements in medical science and public health initiatives, the multifaceted nature of zoonotic helminth infections continues to pose substantial hurdles in their prevention, control, and eradication. In this article, exploring the complexities surrounding zoonotic helminths and understanding the reasons behind their enduring challenge becomes imperative in shaping effective interventions and safeguarding the health and well-being of both animal and human populations globally
| 14 |
Author(s):
Farrah Deeba, Ayesha Tariq, Anas Sarwar Qureshi, Muhammad Adil, Sulaman Haider, Sami Ullah Khan, Muhammad Haroon, Farah Naz.
Page No : 28-29
|
Buffalo Milk: Seasons and Adulterants
Abstract
Buffalo milk quality including fat, protein, and total solids varied as a function of season. Therefore, various types of adulterants are added to buffalo milk by suppliers to enhance the parameters because these parameters are used by milk processors as indicators to calculate the payout to the milk suppliers. Frequently used adulterants were skim milk, starch, urea, and detergents.
| 15 |
Author(s):
MUHAMMAD SAJID, Mohsin Raza, Iman Shafaquat, Bisma Ali, Muhammad Suleman, Mohsin Amin.
Page No : 30-31
|
The Medical Marvel of Aloe Vera: Harnessing Nature’s Healing Power
Abstract
The Aloe Vera plant have been recognized by people since ancient times, for its remarkable health, medicinal, and skincare benefits. Aloe Vera plant comprises more than 300 varieties and predominantly thrives in arid regions across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the United States. Presently, Aloe Vera is a prevalent ingredient in the cosmetology industry. Despite its diverse indications, organized trials are imperative to ascertain its accurate efficacy. This article offers an overview of Aloe Vera's applications. The plant is utilized as a constituent and nutritional supplement in various foods and restorative products. Extensive human exposure raises security concerns regarding potential damage and carcinogenic effects. Analytical analysis reveals that Aloe has numerous carboxylic compounds, including anthraquinones, as well as polysaccharides. Consumption of Aloe Vera has been linked with renal failure, hypokalemia, diarrhea, and pseudomelanosis coli. Aloe Vera has applications in treating burn wounds, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris, and erythema, and as a skin moisturizer. It also shows promise in managing Class 2 diabetes, kidney stones, ulcerative colitis, angina pectoris, oral lichen planus disorders, and alveolar osteitis. The Beautifying Component Review Expert Panel has deemed the superficial use of Aloe plant preparations to be non-toxic and secure. Nonetheless, a few case reports have surfaced regarding the development of interaction dermatitis and hypersensitivity reactions following the Superficial application of Aloe ointment preparations.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Zubair Azhar Nomi , Muneeba Mumtaz, Rana Muhammad Shahbakht, Shahid Ali Rajput, Muhammad Zeeshan Anwar.
Page No : 32-33
|
Molecular Insights into Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Interface Between Animals and Humans
Abstract
Molecular epidemiology is a progressive advancement within the field of epidemiology that utilizes molecular biology tools to provide insights that are unattainable through traditional methods. These tools aid to investigate zoonotic outbreaks, to establish surveillance systems, and to conduct the rapid diagnostic assays. Genotyping methods, include a diverse set of tools such as Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). These techniques plays a pivotal role in addressing zoonotic diseases, multidrug-resistant organisms, viral infections, and parasitic zoonoses in veterinary and public health contexts.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Muqaddas latif.
Page No : 34-35
|
Role of Vitamin C as an Immunity Booster in the Management of Covid-19
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for several immune system biosynthesis pathways as well as acting as an antioxidant. It is a necessary nutrient that the body is unable to produce on its own. the prevention or reduction of respiratory tract infection duration with the use of vitamin C supplements. One inexpensive, safe, and necessary nutrient is vitamin C. Treatment for respiratory viral infections may benefit from vitamin C. Due to its many health benefits, including its antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating qualities, vitamin C may be used as a treatment alternative to treat COVID-19 infection. High-dose intravenous vitamin C has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in the treatment of coronavirus infections in both China and the US. High amounts of vitamin C taken short-term have not been associated with any negative consequences. Given that it helps treat viral infections and patients who are in severe condition, vitamin C is a cheap, easily accessible, and safe medication. In particular, if ongoing clinical trials assessing the efficacy of vitamin C in the therapy of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) produce positive results, 19) it would be advisable to add it to the management protocol.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Kashif Hussain, Maria Kausar, Talha Khan , Aqdas-Ul-Hassan.
Page No : 36-37
|
Artificial intelligence-based advancements in oncological studies
Abstract
Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have greatly impacted the healthcare system in many ways. Technological advancement has made it possible to analyze large datasets quickly and manageably. Artificial intelligence helps in early diagnosis, finding novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers, and evaluating drug resistance. Precision oncology's future has been entirely altered by the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) systems, which help in risk assessment, early disease recognition, sequencing-based diagnosis, medical imaging, precise prognosis, identification of biomarkers, and identification of therapeutic targets for new drug discovery. These AI-powered applications advance cancer prognostication and diagnosis using NGS and high-resolution medical imaging. Notwithstanding technological advancements, AI has difficulties and constraints, and the clinical use of NGS needs further validation. Precision oncology and artificial intelligence have a bright future if innovation and technology go further.
