| 1 |
Author(s):
Sawera Maqaddas, Amjad Ali.
Page No :
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Impact of Climate Change on Marine Species Diversity: A Focus on Marine Fishes and Mammals
Abstract
The impact of climate change on marine ecosystems is undeniable globally. Understanding how these changes affect marine biodiversity is crucial to protecting and conserving it in the future. During the last few decades, Climate change has caused a wide array of changes in marine ecosystems due to its pronounced impacts, such as acidification, deoxygenation, warming.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Salman.
Page No :
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Economic Reforms and Intellectual Property Law Enforcement in Pakistan for Public Health
Abstract
Intellectual property (IP) laws and the economic reforms’ enforcement is very critical for improving the standard of public health in any country especially the developing ones like Pakistan. Emphasizing the importance of these highly needed reforms, this article discusses the innovative aspect of pharmaceutical industry in view of the Pakistan’s socio-economic context for better outcomes in the healthcare sector.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Hamna Riaz, Warda Tahir, Tayyaba Waris, Hira Riaz.
Page No :
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Effect of birth order on personality
Abstract
The aim of this article is to put an insightful view on the effect of birth order on personality of children. Birth order effect is one of the major contributions of Alfred Adler. It affects the personality of siblings. Arrival of second child is threat to the elder one, so adjustment issues create and this is the time when parents have to provide attention to first child. A minor difference on the basis of intelligence shows that first child is more intelligent than later ones. Second and last child obtain more scores on extraversion scale with respect to the scores of first child. First born is the leader for later ones and it is blessing to be the last child among siblings. Many studies are conducted that show birth order have negligible effects on personality of individuals.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Nasreen Akhter, Hamna Riaz, Muqadas.
Page No :
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Effects of morning walk in humans
Abstract
This article aims to put light on the positive effects of morning walks on the health of humans. A morning walk is a physical exercise that poses beneficial effects on the behavior of humans. It makes us active, energetic, and social. It helps in maintaining blood pressure and combating chronic cardiovascular diseases. This article demonstrates the various benefits of walking on our health. Sleeping patterns are a major problem in elders that can be managed by walking. Morning walk has certain physical, psychological, and biochemical aspects on humans that are explained in the article. Overall, morning walks provide quality of life.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Sajid, Zahra, Ambreen Shafique, Farooq Ahmad.
Page No : 1-2
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Genetic Conduits: Dynamics of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Transfer Between Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria
Abstract
The emergence of new antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogenic soil microorganisms, such as Acinetobacter spp., along with the rise of newly developed opposition mechanisms, like in enterococci there is glycopeptide resistance, as well as host chromosome or plasmid-borne gene mutations encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases or DNA gyrase, and the dissemination of previously identified resistance genes into previously uniformly susceptible bacterial hosts, are the four main mechanisms explaining the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, correlated with drug use. Formerly, it was believed that only closely related bacteria were capable of such genetic transmission, despite early findings showing antibiotic resistance genes commonly within transposable elements and self-transferable plasmids. This review will focus on two novel concepts: (i) conjugation as a widespread genetic information transfer mechanism; and (ii) the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes occurring among phylogenetically distinct bacterial genera in their natural habitats, particularly between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Mustafa, AHMAD RAZA , Rana Muhammad Subhan, Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Zeeshan Tahir.
Page No : 3-4
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Sero-prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease in Both Small and Large Ruminants in Pakistan
Abstract
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is the most prevalent viral disease in cloven-footed animals. FMDV has seven serotypes O, A, C, Asia-1, SAT-1, SAT-2, and SAT-3. The oral cavity, udder, heart, feet, and oro-pharynx are the main sites of replication of FMDV. For the effective control of FMD, we require sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. It is noted that from January to March, a rise in disease outbreaks happened, mainly associated with the movement of livestock during the days of Eidul-Azha. Age, sex, and species are the factors that are associated with the outbreaks of FMD antibodies. FMD mainly causes salivation, anorexia, fever, and vesicular eruption in the mouth, teats, and feet. FMD followed by a decrease in the production of milk, meat, and other animal by-products. Different techniques like Sandwich ELISA, Indirect ELISA, and rt-PCR are used to diagnose this prevalent disease.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Maryam Bashir, Faryal Ikram, Muhammad Adnan Sabir Mughal, Haseeb Ashraf.
Page No : 5-6
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Unveiling Malaria Vaccine Miracle
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health problem, affecting most of the world population. Although efforts have greatly reduced the burden of malaria through centuries, but it still endangers millions of children’s life. An important approach in control strategies of malaria is the development of an efficient vaccine. Malaria vaccination has made significant contributions to public health. There are many obstacles such as intricate nature of parasite life cycle, immune dodging and diverse parasite genome for the development of effective malaria vaccine. Out of five Plasmodium species only two species i.e. P. falciparum and P. vivax are in use for the development of malaria vaccine.
Many strategies including pre-erythrocytic vaccine, blood stage vaccine, placental stage malarial vaccine and subunit vaccine has been evolved for the development of malaria vaccine. Further research on the use of the parasite targets as well as the evaluation of different vaccine candidates in the process through vaccine trials are highly suggested because a malaria vaccine would be a significant tool for the eradication of malaria.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Nouman Tariq, Hafiz Aamir Ali Kharl, Sadia Ali, Maida Asif, Aneeqa Zarbab, Ayesha Bintay Farooq.
Page No : 8-9
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Role of Lactobacillus as a Probiotic Against the Zoonotic Potential of Rotavirus Infection
Abstract
Rotavirus is a naked double Standard RNA virus that causes watery diarrhoea in humans and animals. It comprises three layers of viral proteins and spreads through air and contact with the feces of infected individuals. It affects enterocytes and crypt cells of villi. It causes changes in electrolyte numbers inside the host leading the patient to extreme tiredness. Probiotics are those live bacteria and yeast which already exist in living organisms' bodies and patients can use them as food supplements to maintain their microbiota. Lactobacillus is a rod-shaped gram-positive bacteria found inside the gastrointestinal pathway, especially in the small intestine. It helps to maintain body metabolism and is a powerful agent for diarrheal patients. It blocks various rotavirus protein binding activity. It acts as a buffer inside digestive organs. The researcher concludes that Lactobacillus-rich food is a good treatment against diarrheal infection.
