| 1 |
Author(s):
Nasreen Akhter, Hamna Riaz, hira riaz, amina raheel.
Page No :
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effects of divorce on children
Abstract
This article aims to highlight the negative effects of divorce and single parenting on the lives of children. Divorce is breaking of social bond that affects the family socially and economically. It mostly influences the children of any age. Parental conflicts, arise in them psychological and heath problems that reduce their capacity to do various work and live normally in most of the cases. They have to face various challenges in the society. Sudden change in friendly environment, develop in them anxiety, fear, depression, anger and many odd habits like to break the ethical rules. Study, eating, and sleeping cycles also disturbs that affects mental and physical health.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Faria Shammas, Muqadas Bibi, Gulshan Mobeen, Nadia Nazish.
Page No : 1-2
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Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: A review of its impact on freshwater fish globally
Abstract
Abstract:
White spot disease (WSD) in freshwater fish is caused globally by the ciliated protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Infected fish have 0.5-1.0 mm white spots on their skin and fins leading to gill dysfunction, osmoregulation problems and mortality. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis goes through three stages in its life cycle including the trophont (feeding), tomont (reproducing) and theront (infective) stages. Diagnosis of white spot disease relies on microscopic identification of trophonts. Effective management and preventive measures involve prompt treatment, proper quarantine procedures and thorough sanitation practices. This review highlights the economic impact and importance of understanding the developmental stages of the parasite and implementing preventive measures to control white spot disease affecting freshwater fish populations.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Duaa Hayat, Dr.Rais Ahmed, Muhammad Amir Haneef, Adnan Nawaz, Saba Seher.
Page No : 3-4
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Unraveling the Frontline Defense: Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 attained a pandemic status on March 11, 2020. The Coronaviruses devise immune system gears to target multiple aspects of innate immune system. Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to prompt cytokine storm, prejudice interferon response and abolish presentation of antigen by Class I and class II MHC molecules. By understanding the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 and its immune evasion from immune system will probe in to a new perspective of viral clearance, vaccine formulation and immune therapeutic pattern and assessment. This review confers the connection of host innate immune response and immune evasion strategies of corona virus infection.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Farah Naeem, Hadia Aziz, Nadia Nazish, Amna Ali.
Page No : 5-6
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Fisheries Contribution to Food and Nutrition Security: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Fisheries play a significant role food and security since they are sources of quality animal protein, micronutrients and are sources of employment to millions of people. This article focuses on the diversity option of the fisheries based on health, livelihoods and culture. Fish contributes to the consumption of approximately 17% of the total animal protein it is the food containing beneficial nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and iodine. There are many ways that people can benefit from its consumption thereof such as better heart health, brain development and aches’ relief. The sector helps around 60 million population worldwide obtain their minimum necessary income and plays the leading role for the economic progress of many nations with a low human development index. But the escalating calls for the cancellation of fishing are contributing to overfishing while at the same time reducing other services such as habitat and food web, and messing with the climate. In the case of Pakistan, where sustainable management is being incorporated through new practices like development of aquaculture technologies and international perspectives. Pakistan feeds for big fishes in the consideration of food. The study is advising on improvement of the management system and acquiring fishing technology from across the world in a bid to guard future earnings through fisheries and feed the world and have food security.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Duaa Hayat, Dr.Rais Ahmed, Raheeq-ul-Makhtoom1, Jaweria Muslim, Sherish Latif1.
Page No : 7-8
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Engineering Immunity: The Role of Synthetic Peptides in Modern Vaccinology
Abstract
The principles of vaccinology have been expanded with some help of synthetic peptides in a very creative manner. This will explains the essence of synthetic peptides in modern vaccinology as it applies synthetic peptides in designing vaccines that are accurate, customizable, and expandable to target various infectious diseases and immune system challenges. When the vaccines need to elicit a specific immune response with low likelihood of an adverse reaction, then small groups of amino acids referred to as synthetic peptides are vital for vaccine production. It will give information on how certain characteristics of vaccines such as immunogenicity and stability together with safety issues depending on the formulation of synthetic peptides in the vaccine formulation are enhanced through the discussion of various types of peptide synthesis. It gives details of synthetic peptide technology is being to combat against infectious diseases globally for the improvement of human health.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Ayesha Nasir, Zoha Anjum, Sabiha Abbas, Rana Danish Ali, Nadia Nazish.
Page No : 9-10
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Extraction and Identification of Bacterial Cellulases from Termite Gut
Abstract
The termites have special ability to use different types of bacteria from their gut to break down plant components. The techniques for extraction and identification of bacteria that break down cellulose in termite stomachs, are discussed in this study. Certain bacteria, including Pseudomonas and Klebsiella are known to produce cellulases, which are essential for breaking down cellulosic materials into sugars in order to produce biofuel. The potential of termite gut bacteria in biotechnology and sustainable fuel sources is highlighted.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Kashaf Salamat, Nighat Altaf, Mahrukh Cheema, Adnan Ihsan.
Page No : 11-12
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Sources of Reduction of Himalayan Musk Deer (Moschus.leucogaster) in Gilgit Baltistan (Pakistan)
Abstract
Abstract:
Musk deer live in mountainous region of himalayas. it has very small head, stickily built primitive animal. it possess musk pod at rut use as an constitue in some of the world best fragrance and medicine. musk deer is a more successful simulating agent of heart and central nervous system Musk is more efficient cure for snake venom as compare to cortisol. about 500-1000 kg and 170 kg per year in china and japan respectively export and import musk pod. synthatic musk have been started to use in fragrances but in pharmaceutical industried musk pod is still in use over- hunting and poaching plaining a vital role in illegal trading that shows hunting pressure is 22.2% increasing livestock impact has decrease musk deer density in Himalayas. goals are set as mapping current habitat range, approximating currant numbers of population and reporting the market worth of musk products.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Amna Fazal, Aneeqa Hussain, Nadia nazish, Nagina Murtaza.
Page No : 13-14
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ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN FISH SECTOR
Abstract
Abstract: Therefore ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) is defined as a shift from these ideas of stock management where every single species. The elements involved in this method enables people to balance the water systems through appropriate fish stock and also the correct balance of the diversification of certain species. Several recent works prove that such approach has a positive effect on the further sustenance of fishery resources, increasing the stability of the ecosystem to climate change, and support of wildlife in the marine environment. However, the strategies that have been implemented under EBFM developing some challenges which are Data limitations System complexity and stakeholders. The subsequent sections of the paper describe the theoretical framework of EBFM and the benefits and drawbacks of this approach derived from the empirical findings. Additionally, this review provides case studies illustrating the practical use and effectiveness of EBFM along with the clarification of how these concepts of EBFM can be put into practice and carried out in the various marine environment. We can now confidently state that this project is aimed at the continuation of the existing knowledge regarding sustainable fisheries and preservation of marine life.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Tayyaba Rani, Tayyaba Rani, Rana Danish Ali, Sarwat Mehmood, Nadia Nazish, Nazia Ibrahim.
Page No : 15-16
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Abundance of Sea Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Marine Salmon
Abstract
Lepeophtheirus salmonis known as the salmon louse, is an ectoparasitic copepod from the Caligidae family, raising concerns due to its impact on wild juvenile Pacific salmon, particularly from salmon farming. Its life cycle includes both free-swimming and attached stages, with nauplius and infective copepod stages drifting in plankton before attaching to a host salmon and causing multiples diseases like skin lesions,ulceration,retarded growth and chronic infection leads to loss of fin. Growth is mainly influenced by temperature and salinity. This parasite significantly impacts the aquaculture industry, a great loss of economy in aquaculture per year globally. Some strategies are made to minimize economic losses all over the world.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Razia Kausar, Muhammad Usman , Muhammad Umar Sharif , Muhammad Adnan Sabir Mughal, Riffat Maqsood .
Page No : 17-18
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Understanding the Allelomimetic Behavior in Horses with its Impact and Management in training
Abstract
Allelomimetic behavior is a one of the unique behaviors which play effective role in maintaining social affiliation and group cohesion among equines. This behavior of Equines may prove helpful in protecting them from predators. On the other hand, this behavior may lead to competition of resources among equine population. Allelomimetic behavior in horses is usually prevalent in early childhood, and may lead to abnormal behaviors like balking and bucking. Training of young horses often involves pairing them with experienced, calm horses, while addressing issues such as balking requires understanding their triggers and managing stress effectively. Horses should be effectively pushed out of their comfort zones by various tasks and to improve their responsiveness and reduce stress. Riders should manage stress-induced behaviors like balking and bucking by gradually increasing pressure and using distractions to relieve anxiety. There are many reasons due to which horses may buck or resist riding like fear, pain, disrespect, or misunderstanding, so it's necessary for riders to ensure proper tack fitting, provide a safe environment, and use clear cues. Establishing respect and consistent communication helps in addressing and preventing misbehavior during rides. Cribbing is a repetitive behavior in horses which is caused by stress and other factors. It can lead to various health issues. While various treatments are available to tackle these health issues. Prevention from various health issues can be done through socialization and environmental management is often more effective. Understanding Allelomimetic behavior is necessary for the effective horse management and training.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Saira Asghar, Hamna Zulfiqar, Nadia Nazish, Nagina Murtaza.
Page No : 19-20
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Application of Breeding Hormones (Pituitary Gland and Ovaprim) in fisheries sector, Pakistan
Abstract
The administration of the breeding hormones especially Pituitary Gland (PG) and Ovaprim induce breeding is reproductive phenomena in aquatic species within Pakistan. Such endocrinological agents have taken central stage as a tool applied in aquaculture practices for enhancing the success rates of reproduction. It provides an in-depth examination of the hormonal mechanisms, species-specific responses and the interplay between dosage and administration timing. The brood fish had an average weight ranging from 2-4 kg. The response of the fish towards the two solutions, PGE and Ovaprim was compared. Their implications for aquaculture sustainability, offering nuanced perspectives on enhancing breeding protocols and addressing the inherent challenges of hormonal induction methodologies.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Shameeran Ismael, Amal Jamil Sadiq, Nafal Jamil Sadiq.
Page No : 21-22
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Why did the Monkeypox virus raise its head again in 2024?
Abstract
Monkeypox infection is an emerging viral zoonotic infection caused by a DNA virus named Monkeypox virus. Humans acquired the infection in several ways, such as through contact with infected animals and infected humans and sexual transmission. The disease is characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, the distribution of pain through the body, skin rash, and enlargement of lymph nodes. In 2024, the resurgence of the Monkeypox virus will become a significant public health concern, marked by increased incidence and geographical spread. This article provides an overview of the current state of the outbreak, examining contributing factors such as changes in human behavior, global travel patterns, and gaps in vaccination coverage. We analyze recent epidemiological data, including transmission dynamics and affected populations, to assess the impact on healthcare systems. The response strategies implemented so far, including enhanced surveillance, vaccination campaigns, and public health interventions, are evaluated for their effectiveness. The findings underscore the need for continued global cooperation, investment in research, and robust health infrastructure to manage and mitigate the ongoing risk of Monkeypox and similar infectious diseases. In the current article review, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the waves and outbreak of MPXV to be a public health emergency globally. Collaborative efforts between governments, healthcare providers, and international organizations will be essential in managing this evolving threat and safeguarding public health.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Ume Salma, Fariha Naz, Mahnoor Yamin, Amina Sagheer, Sidra Altaf, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 24-25
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Mechanism of pathogenesis, diabetic events, control and common risk factor in diabetic mellitus
Abstract
A person with diabetes mellitus (DM) has excessive blood sugar due to a combination of metabolic illnesses. DM is caused by insufficient insulin production by the body or by a failure of cells that respond to the insulin that is produced. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) type 1 diabetes, is a condition in which the body is unable to manufacture insulin and necessitates the use of an insulin pump. Non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance, a disorder in which cells improperly utilize insulin, either completely or partially. Gestational diabetes, the third form, which elevated blood glucose levels in pregnant women. This article describes the pathogenicity in the three different types of diabetes, common risk factor and management of Diabetes.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Hajra Tariq, Amara Liaqat, Irum Pervaiz, Nadia Nazish.
Page No : 26-27
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Acanthocephalan infestion in fishes
Abstract
Fish are a diverse group of gill-bearing aquatic animals without limbs. They can suffer from various diseases, with parasitic infestations being a major issue. The fishing industry is important because it provides a large portion of our animal protein, boosts our economy by contributing to the GDP, and earns foreign exchange for the country. However, fish can carry parasites, like worms, which can harm their health and cause problems for aquaculture, where fish are farmed. They can also spread diseases to humans and animals and even cause fish to die. One type of worm, called acanthocephalans, is especially troublesome because it infects both freshwater and ocean fish.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Anam, Anam, Adla Abbas, Tayyab rani, Nadia Nazish.
Page No : 28-29
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Prevalence of Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in fresh water fish.
Abstract
Lymphocystis disease, caused by the lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) is a serious issue in aquaculture, affecting many marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. This disease is distinct by wart-like growths on the skin and fins of fish. Although it usually doesn’t cause high mortality, it significantly impacts the industry by reducing fish marketability increasing the risk of secondary infections, and slowing growth rates. The growths can also impair fish health, especially if they prevent vital areas like the gills, affecting swimming and breathing. LCDV disrupt with normal cell processes, leading to the formation of these growths. To manage the disease effectively, it's important to use prevention strategies including new immunomodulators and vaccines, and to direct environmental pollutants that impact fish health. By understanding these factors and applying comprehensive management practices, we can reduce the disease's impact and improve the sustainability of aquaculture.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Duaa Hayat, Dr.Rais Ahmed, Hafsa Munir, Muhammad Ahsan, Irsa Mustafa.
Page No : 30-31
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Antibody-Mediated Modulation of Tumor Antigens: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Abstract
Antibody-mediated modulation of tumor antigens, several fresh approaches to improve the targeting of tumors as well as the effectiveness of therapies in the treatment of cancer have emerged. This article examines how antibodies may exert their effects on tumor antigens at the molecular level based on the different mechanisms. They include the use of immune system directed strategies such as the targeting of tumor recognized antigens to trigger immune responses, the use of immune system presentation pathways, and regulation of conditions in the tumor environment that would otherwise hinder immune receptor recognition. We also discuss the use of engineered antibodies to attain higher efficacy and selectivity for cancer cells including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates. The applications of these approaches are therefore vast in the therapeutic sense, and may offer gains in the treatment of various illnesses as well as the evolution of new treatments.
