| 1 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Ramzan Dar, Ali Hamza , Adnan Ihsan , Muqaddas Ilyas , Nadia Nazish .
Page No : 1-2
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Impact of Climate Change on Aquatic Life: A general review
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are being significantly impacted by climate change, which has a crucial effect on aquatic life. Increased water temperatures are causing migratory patterns to be disrupted, breeding habits to change and species distributions to be altered. Invasive animals and diseases are spreading more easily due to warmer waters, endangering local populations even more. This can have cascading effects on entire food chains and ecosystems, leading to reduced fisheries and economic impacts on communities that depend on them. Climate change is altering the chemical composition of water bodies, leading to increased acidification and decreased oxygen levels, further stressing aquatic life. These changes have devastating and long-lasting consequences for the health of aquatic ecosystems and the many species that depend on them.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Maria Mazhar.
Page No : 3-4
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Antibiotic Resistance: Strategies to counter worldwide threat
Abstract
Antibiotic Resistance is an emerging worldwide danger that has threatened the effectiveness of modern medicines. Preserving global health requires an understanding of the mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance, its spread, and the application of practical countermeasures. This article offers a thorough examination of the mechanics underlying antibiotic resistance, how it spreads, and the all-encompassing approaches required to combat this worldwide danger. It also looks at potential future paths to overcome antibiotic resistance, such as cutting-edge diagnostic methods, creative research strategies, and the creation of brand-new therapeutics. Effective management and mitigation of this emerging hazard require continuous commitment and collaborative worldwide initiatives. Major purpose of key strategies includes upgrading antibiotic efficacy, boosting public awareness and education, regulating the use of antibiotics in agriculture and developing international collaboration. To properly address this pressing health issue, a cooperative strategy involving medical experts, researchers, legislators, and the general public is required.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Maria Kanwal.
Page No : 5-6
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CRISPR Gene Editing Technique: Advancements and Applications
Abstract
The fields of genomics, genetics, and molecular biology are at a crossroads. Thanks to the convergence of advanced techniques and collected knowledge, it is now feasible and very advantageous to edit individual base pairs or segments of DNA in cells and living organisms. When it comes to gene editing and regulation, CRISPR has proven to be a better option than zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN). CRISPR-Cas9 employs the same protein for multiple gene targets, unlike ZFN and TALEN, where the protein needs to be modified for each target. Modification of a brief guide RNA sequence is sufficient to trigger site-specific cleavage. Bioengineering applications have been greatly expanded by multiplexed CRISPR technologies, which involve the production of multiple gRNAs or Cas enzymes concurrently. The extent and efficiency of transcriptional control and genetic editing have been significantly increased by this method. Recent advances in machine learning models and empirical scoring methods have improved off-target prediction and sgRNA design.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Aqsa Kanwal, Aqsa Kanwal .
Page No : 7-8
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Comprehensive Plans for Lifetime Health, Diverse Approaches to Aging, and Lifestyle Modifications
Abstract
Over the past couple of generations, the concept of old age has changed significantly. Today's perception of old age is one of energy, resourcefulness, and engagement during the early years. An actively aging policy aims to keep older people involved in society to boost their caliber of life. According to this article's argument, the foundation for active aging is laid throughout the life course. Young people's and middle-aged people's health-related behaviors have long-term repercussions in old life. Additional life course impacts arise because social engagement and health conditions are integrated. This summary traces the evolution of active aging in response to societal shifts, contrasting the idea with successful aging and other expressions related to "aging well." It shows how a limited economic or productivity interpretation of active aging has dominated its application in reality, giving priority to extending working life to lessen the "burden" of population aging. In addition to taking into consideration socioeconomic disparities among older people, such as those based on gender and ability level, active aging strategies must harness these long-term repercussions. Examples of foreign policies illustrate how such initiatives can and ought to consider the needs of all senior citizens, including third- and fourth-graders.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Ayesha Imran, Muqadas Ilyas, Adnan Ihsan , Nazia Ibrahim, Nadia Nazish .
Page No : 9-10
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Economic loss by koi virus in aquarium fishes: their control in food security, Pakistan
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a highly infectious viral pathogen that affects koi carp and common carp leading to severe economic losses and posing significant threats to aquaculture and food security in Pakistan. The virus spreads in warmer water conditions and causes high mortality rates in both ornamental koi and food fish severely impacting fish farmers and traders. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the symptoms, economic impact and control measures related to KHV focusing on its effects in Pakistan. Infected fish exhibit lethargy, respiratory distress, skin lesions and high mortality within days leading to outbreaks that wipe out entire populations. The economic losses are felt acutely in the ornamental fish trade where koi are a high-value product and in common carp farming which plays a crucial role in providing affordable protein. The implications for food security as KHV-induced shortages determination fish prices reducing access to essential protein for low-income populations. Control measures such as strict biosecurity protocols and quarantine early detection and ongoing research into vaccines are necessary to mitigate the impact of KHV and ensure the sustainability of Pakistan’s aquaculture industry.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Mahreen Safdar, Amina Bashir, Amna Ali, Amna Ali, Kamla Mehak, Nadia Nazish.
Page No : 11-12
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Climate Changes Effect on Wild Fisheries: Difficulties & Strategies
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are being significantly impacted by climate change, which has a crucial effect on aquatic life. Increased water temperatures are causing migratory patterns to be disrupted, breeding habits to change and species distributions to be altered. Invasive animals and diseases are spreading more easily due to warmer waters, endangering local populations even more. This can have cascading effects on entire food chains and ecosystems, leading to reduced fisheries and economic impacts on communities that depend on them. Climate change is altering the chemical composition of water bodies, leading to increased acidification and decreased oxygen levels, further stressing aquatic life. These changes have devastating and long-lasting consequences for the health of aquatic ecosystems and the many species that depend on them.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Sadia Hassan, Bushra Umar Hayat.
Page No : 13-14
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Potential of Bio-Preservatives to Enhance Food Safety and Shelf Life: Natural Preservation
Abstract
Food safety is becoming a global concern and the use of chemical preservatives has many negative impacts therefore, bio-preservatives have gained more interest. Bio-preservatives are important for improving food quality and safety. These compounds can be used in combination with other preservatives or alone to enhance product shelf life. These preservatives are mainly extracted and isolated as secondary metabolites of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Use of specific bio-preservatives should be according to the type of target organism. Bio-preservatives possibly can prevent microbial growth and hence maintain food safety and shelf life without compromising the organoleptic properties of food products.
Keywords: Bio-preservatives, Shelf life, Food Quality, Preservation, Antimicrobial
| 8 |
Author(s):
Najia Ali.
Page No : 15-16
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viruses as therapeutic agents
Abstract
Viruses are now known that they are instrumental in diseases of global economic and animal-human implications. Examining these examples, the pandemics of bats, birds and rats (influenza) or arthropods has led to identification and emergence of viruses with pathogenic capabilities within human populations. Instead, advances in the science of virology have revealed how these viruses actually could be used to benefit human health. Oncolytic virotherapy is actually an example of this newest therapeutic use, and involves using viruses that have been specifically engineered to target and kill only cancer cells. Furthermore, through studying their biology they can also shed light on viral pathogenesis and assist in the development of therapies for other diseases. For a true change in medicine to occur, such research should be conducted across multiple disciplines and collaborating fields within the confines of ambitious vaccine strategies reimagining viruses as potential therapeutics for modern day medical practice. We also take a look at the Janus faces that viruses present in this article.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Eman Akmal.
Page No : 17-18
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Stem Cell Based Therapies: An overview
Abstract
There is increased hope that stem cell therapies, which have been successfully applied to patients, could one day be able to treat a variety of challenging diseases according to recent research. The therapeutic effectiveness of stem cells in damaged organs or tissues has improved recently because to the development of novel biomaterials that offers transplanted cells a stable cellular milieu. The use of synthetic and tissue-derived biomaterials in co-transplantation is revolutionizing our understanding of stem cell-based therapies. These biomaterials serve as a scaffold for stem cells and offer a unique opportunity to enhance their significant influences in regeneration and repair of tissue. Instead of existing naturally, induced pluripotent stem cells are created ("induced" or "reprogrammed") in culture from somatic cells by ectopically expressing specific pluripotency factors. Because iPSCs can be created from any patient or healthy individual, they are thought to be a crucial instrument for replacing diseased or damaged tissues in regenerative medicine. This article reviews the developments in stem cell research and discuss cell types that are either nearing clinical trials or are now being used in clinics.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Usman, Riffat Maqsood, Sadia Ali, Muhammad Saif, Waseem Akram.
Page No : 19-20
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Cell Physiology: Unraveling the Role of Calcium Signaling in gene transcription, cellular proliferation and apoptosis
Abstract
Various functions in eukaryotic cell from proliferation upto death are performed by calcium signaling. Calcium level is elevated in stimulated cells which interferes cell growth through various pathways. Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent indicators like Fura-2 are used to judge the levels of calcium ions. Intracellular and extracellular sources are used by cell to generate signals for normal functioning. Movement of calcium across various barriers is facilitated by various calcium channels. During cell proliferation, synthesis of DNA, regulation of behavior and structural integrity of microtubules is affected by calcium ions which are associated with CDK or cyclin complexes by CAM and CaN. Changes in intracellular levels of calcium result in translocation of transcription factors like NFAT and NF-κB into nucleus. The phosphorylation of NFAT and NF-κB results in their activation. After activation they move into nucleus and combines with specific genes. Calcium signaling also plays an important role in programmed death of cell through apoptosis. The production of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) due to some mediators may lead to programmed cell death. Additionally, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) may lead to cellular death due to calcium overload. BCL-2 proteins direct apoptosis by monitoring the route of Ca2+from the ER to the mitochondria.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Tayyaba Rani, Tayyaba Rani, Sadaf Ul Nisa, Shehroz Ali Nasir, Khadija Akram, Ishba Ikhlaq.
Page No : 21-22
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Strategies for managing and to control of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) in stored rice.
Abstract
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, is the most destructive insect pest affecting stored rice worldwide. Adult female rice weevils lay eggs in stored rice, which hatch under favorable temperature and humidity conditions. he rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) progresses through four life stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The resulting larvae develop into adult weevils, causing significant damage to stored grains and leading to substantial economic losses annually. To manage rice weevils effectively, integrated pest management (IPM) combines multiple strategies such as biological, mechanical and chemical. These approaches not only improve the quality of stored rice but also help reduce infestations of Sitophilus oryzae.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Rabia Yaqoob, Muhammad Zulqarnain, Faiza Sultan, Iqra Lodhi, Shahid Iqbal.
Page No : 23-24
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The Role of Probiotics in Enhancing Livestock Immune Systems
Abstract
Probiotics play a significant role in maintaining and improving the immune systems of livestock. Different strains of probiotics including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have been shown to support gut health by promoting a balanced microbiota. Continuously, it is crucial for proper immune function. Probiotics compete with harmful bacteria to enhance antibody production and reduce stress's negative effects. Moreover, recent research highlights the significance of probiotics in livestock feed for promoting gut health, managing stress, and increasing disease resistance Furthermore, their use has shown promise in preventing pathogenic infections such as Clostridium and Salmonella, while also addressing issues including acidosis and rumen pH imbalances in dairy cattle. Probiotics also play a crucial role in stabilizing the gut microbiome and fostering healthy development in young livestock. For instance, probiotics present a sustainable solution to mitigate antibiotic resistance in veterinary medicine and enhance livestock health and well-being as a substitute for antibiotics.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Maaz Habib.
Page No : 25-26
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Preparation and Evaluation of Biodegradable Intelligent Packaging from Coconut waste
Abstract
The growing environmental concerns about plastic packaging made of petrochemicals, including their non-biodegradability and hazardous chemical composition, make the development of sustainable substitutes necessary. This study aim to turn coconut waste—a plentiful supply of biopolymers like cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—into biodegradable packaging films. To improve functionality, two intelligent chemicals, resveratrol and catechin, were added to the films at different concentrations. The films' mechanical, water-permeability, antioxidant, and antibacterial qualities were evaluated and contrasted with control samples. The findings showed that while catechin increased water solubility and resveratrol promoted elongation, increasing concentrations of intelligent compounds improved tensile strength and film thickness. While both substances showed antioxidant and antibacterial properties, catechin was efficient in antioxidant properties. Additionally, the films showed excellent biodegradability, with direct relation to compound concentration. These results imply that resveratrol or catechin-derived films made from coconut trash can provide efficient, biodegradable solutions for food packaging applications.
| 14 |
Author(s):
kamla mehak, syeda laiba Shabir, mahreen safder, zunaira asghar, Nadia Nazish.
Page No : 27-28
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The Health Benefits of Purified Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Closer Look
Abstract
Fish is the main source of polyunsaturated long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for human health. Numerous techniques, such as urea complex formation, solvent-based extraction, enzymatic extraction, and chromatographic separation can be used to get these important lipids. Mechanical extraction methods are sustainable in terms of both cost and environmental impact. It is imperative to consume essential fatty acids to prevent coronary artery disease, cure rheumatoid arthritis, heal skin damage, foster cognitive development, and reduce inflammation for optimal cognitive health. The cost of seafood has increased so plants are now another source of lipids.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Suhaira Rashid Ghauri.
Page No : 29-30
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Gastroenteritis in Humans induced from .E. coli
Abstract
Escherichia coli gastroenteritis continues to be a major health issues because of the possibility of wide outbreaks and harmful health effects. Advancements in our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of E. coli have led to the development of effective therapies for the treatment and prevention of diarrhea caused by these bacteria. Despite the frequent occurrence and significant morbidity rate of EPEC infections, the basic mechanism of these diseases remains inadequately understood. To give a full understanding of the cellular processes underlying diarrheal illness, including effective surveillance, education, and strict food safety rules, this study integrates the most recent results on EPEC–epithelial interactions with well-established disease mechanisms. This work investigates E. coli gastroenteritis, specifically analysing its causes, clinical symptoms, existing therapies, and preventive measures to reduce the severity of the disease and its influence on public health.
Keywords: Gastroenteritis, Escherichia coli, diarrhea, Gut microbiome
| 16 |
Author(s):
Tuba Rani.
Page No : 31-32
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Abstract
The global burden of HIV continues to be a major health concern with an estimated 39 million people living with the disease. The search for a treatment and HIV medicine resistance continues to be serious issues in spite of significant improvements in prevention and cure. In order to address antibiotic resistance, innovative approaches include optimizing antiretroviral treatment and developing newer antiretroviral medications are being investigated. Moreover, stem cell transplantation suggests a viable path toward recovery. To overcome these challenges, find a treatment, and stop new infections, continued funding for HIV development and research is essential. In this article an overview of the most serious challenges in HIV research is provided, including the complexities of HIV infection and the effects of transfusion history on the prognosis of newborns. In order to overcome the remaining gaps in HIV treatment and prevention, the essay emphasizes the significance of continued scientific research, teamwork, and funding.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Maaz Habib, Muhammad Abdullah.
Page No : 33-34
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Nutritional Fortification of Pasta with Defatted Soy Flour Improving Protein Content and Enhancing Functional Properties.
Abstract
Soybean flour, an essential source of protein and vitamins, can be utilized to create high-protein, low-fat diet foods like pasta. Defatted soy flour (DSF), obtained by removing soybean fat, is rich in protein and can improve the nutritional and sensory attributes of pasta. The low oil content, beneficial LDL value, and extended shelf life of DSF make it beneficial for human consumption. A study aimed to develop affordable defatted pasta to combat protein malnutrition and promote soybean as a functional food. Five pasta treatments were prepared, with the most favorable formulation being T4 (60% wheat flour and 40% defatted soy flour) providing high levels of minerals, antioxidants, and phytochemicals. The study demonstrated the potential of defatted soy flour to improve the nutritional content and sensory appeal of pasta, addressing protein malnutrition concerns and promoting soybean utilization in the food industry.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Tayyaba Rani, Tayyaba Rani, Rana Danish Ali, Ayesha Sarwar, Mehak Riaz, Noman Ali.
Page No : 35-36
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Nanoparticles: Synthesis Approaches, Types, Properties, Characterization Methods, Advantages and Limitations
Abstract
Nanoparticles (1-100 nm) have unique properties like high surface area and reactivity, making them useful in medicine, energy and environmental applications. This study covers the history, synthesis methods, types and properties of nanoparticles, as well as essential characterization techniques. While they offer advantages in catalysis, drug delivery and pollutant degradation, challenges related to toxicity and cellular interactions require further research, especially in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Maira Ashfaq, Muhammad Tayyab, Muhammad Usman, Saqlain Qadir, Baseer Ahmad.
Page No : 37-38
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The Role of Lifestyle and Diet in Shaping Global Cancer Mortality Trends
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. However, innovations in cancer treatment have improved outcomes for certain cancers including Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer and overall mortality rates have not significantly decreased. Environmental changes and primary prevention by lifestyle are the most cost-effective strategies to reduce cancer risk. The World Health Organization’s Comparative Risk Assessment and the World Cancer Research Fund have highlighted key preventable causes like smoking, poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity, and their role in increasing cancer risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, reducing alcohol intake, and engaging in regular physical activity are essential for reducing the risk of cancers, particularly breast cancer. Furthermore, behavioral changes and effective screening programs have contributed to a reduction in specific cancer rates. Additionally, a healthy weight is maintained by reducing alcohol intake, and engaging in regular physical activity is essential for dropping the risk of cancers, especially breast cancer. Further research is required for a better understanding of the mechanisms linking lifestyle factors to cancer.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Assistant professor Dr. Shameeran Salman Ismael , Dr. Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa, Assistant professor Dr. Bland Husamuldeen Abdullah .
Page No : 39-40
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Rabies: The Deadly Neglected Disease Still Claiming Lives
Abstract
Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus, primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly via bites. It poses a significant public health threat, particularly in regions where dog-mediated transmission is prevalent. The disease manifests in two forms: furious and paralytic rabies, both leading to severe neurological symptoms and almost certain death once clinical signs appear. Despite being preventable through effective vaccination strategies, rabies remains neglected, contributing to tens of thousands of deaths annually, especially in developing countries. Key prevention strategies include mass vaccination of dogs and public education on avoiding contact with potentially rabid animals. Enhanced community awareness and collaboration between the human and veterinary health sectors are essential to combating this preventable yet fatal disease. Continued efforts in surveillance, vaccination, and education are crucial to reducing rabies incidence globally. This article aimed to know how the fetal is Rabies
| 21 |
Author(s):
Umm Ul Khair, Usama Nasrullah, Ayiza Suleman, Zuha Fatima, Muqadas.
Page No : 41-42
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Adverse effects and mitigating strategies of heat stress in chickens
Abstract
Climate change or global warming increasing in the coming years is the major issue that adversely affects livestock and poultry sector and leads to great economic losses. Heat stress induces negative physiological and behavioral symptoms in birds. It badly affects their metabolism, body temperature, performance, production, fertility, intestinal health, appetite, hormones and immunity. Birds’ respiration rate increases and appetite decreases. To overcome these adverse effects, there is a great need for good managemental strategies. Dietary manipulation and proper proportion of feed and water is one of the key factors to control heat stress. The addition of different feed additives, like vitamins, minerals, salts and phytochemicals, proves to be magnificent in balancing heat stress
| 22 |
Author(s):
Nimra Younas, Ahsan Akram, Adnan Younis, Alina Hassan, Ahmed Faiz Akbar.
Page No : 43-44
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Ocimum basilicum_A Comprehensive Exploration of Basil: A Review
Abstract
This comprehensive exploration delves into the multifaceted aspects of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), examining its botanical features, genetic intricacies, culinary significance, medicinal properties and cultural importance. Sweet basil is originating in tropical and sub-tropical climates with its aromatic leaves and is not only a culinary delight but also a valuable medicinal herb. The genetic diversity comprised over 65 species in the Ocimum genus and further contributes to the complexity and adaptability of basil cultivars. Culinary applications span from traditional dishes such as "Pesto Genovese" to the production of flavored vinegars and spices. Moreover, basil showcases anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties in the field of medicine by enhancing its role in traditional healing practices. Furthermore, sweet basil holds cultural and religious significance and revered as the goddess Tulsi in Hinduism and embodying sacred rituals in the Orthodox Christian tradition. Continuously, its diverse chemical composition offering antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects due to its therapeutic potential extends to the essential oils. Commercially, various basil varieties cater to diverse preferences from the classic 'Genovese' to ornamental and aromatic cultivars. Cultivation practices like fertilization, irrigation and post-harvest handling are playing pivotal roles in ensuring the quality of basil. This exploration encapsulates the rich tapestry of sweet basil to highlight its significance in diverse domains from the kitchen to cultural traditions and to emphasize its global impact and versatility.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Sufyan Khalid, Ahsan Akram, Adnan Younis, Saddam Hussain, Ahmad Faiz Akbar.
Page No : 45-46
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Impact of Drought Stress on Growth Dynamics of Pelargonium graveolens (Rose-Scented Geranium)
Abstract
This work will inform on characteristics of the rose-scented geranium growth dynamics under the conditions of drought stress. This is important in the essential oil industry since it is likely to impact both yield and quality in reaction to drought stress. Different aspects of morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in the plant are plagued by drought stress. Morphological changes due to drought include plant height, number of leaves and root shoot ratio, as well as physiological changes that are stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content. In biochemical aspects, drought affects an increase in stress related enzymes which includes peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. It is argued that understanding these changes may provide ground for enhancing the agronomic approaches to enhance the drought resistance and optimise the water usage in the aim to maintain and enhance the quality and productivity of the Pelargonium cultivation.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Iqra Noor, Ahsan Akram, Adnan Younis, Ahmed Faiz Akbar, Abida Parveen.
Page No : 47-48
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Roman Chamomile Daisy (Chamaemelum nobile L.)
Abstract
The chamomile daisy is a significant fragrant floricultural crop. It has a cure for a bundle of diseases. Wondrous morphological and physiochemical properties it possesses. Very pretty appearance, and narrow leaves, and is used as ground cover. It is effortless to grow it with possible requirements. Seeds, division, and cuttings can propagate it. It has a perennial nature and grows easily from dry stumps next year. It has medicinal importance, is good for the skin, and cosmetics, and is used in aromatherapy.
| 25 |
Author(s):
Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Maaz Habib.
Page No : 49-50
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Chitosan and Bioactive Compounds: A review on developments in Biodegradable Coating for Extending Fruit Shelf Life
Abstract
Food packaging is essential to protect food, and petroleum-based materials are frequently employed because of their low cost, but lack of sustainability and eco-friendliness is a major threat to the environment. Edible packaging is a viable solution for this problem. This study focuses on how we can improve the shelf life of different fruits through chitosan edible packaging. It is evident from already present research that by incorporating bioactive compounds in chitosan films resulted in increased protection against microbes and oxidation of product. When chitosan applied on fruits it resulted in increased freshness and shelf life as well as protecting the attributes of fruits, thus preventing food loss. This is a sustainable substitute to conventional packaging.
