| 1 |
Author(s):
Huzaima Qaiser, Maryam Shahid.
Page No :
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Major Livestock Diseases: Foot and Mouth Disease, Bovine Tuberculosis, and More
Abstract
Livestock diseases are a major concern for farmers, veterinarians, and communities worldwide, with far-reaching effects on animal health, agricultural productivity, and even public safety. This article takes a closer look at five critical diseases—Brucellosis, Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), Mastitis, and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)—that continue to challenge livestock management. We explore what causes these diseases, how they spread, their symptoms, and how they are diagnosed and treated. With a focus on prevention and control, the article highlights the importance of early detection and good management practices. As these diseases can also affect humans, understanding them is key to protecting both animals and people. This piece aims to shed light on the ongoing battle against livestock diseases and the vital role veterinarians play in safeguarding our food systems and animal welfare.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Salman.
Page No :
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An Overview of Fasciolosis in Livestock and the Control Measures in Livestock
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is a potentially significant threat to the livestock. It results in substantial economic losses within the livestock industry. This parasitic disease affects a variety of animals including sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalos. This has the potential of transmission even to humans as a zoonotic disease. Snails play an important role in the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica. Clinical symptoms include anemia, reduced production and even death in severely infected animals. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical signs, post-mortem examinations and some laboratory diagnostic tests like ELISA. Treatment is with Triclabendazole as the drug of choice. Control needs coordinated measures involving herd health programs, snail population control, regular deworming, and maintaining proper hygiene.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Wasan Madhat Yousif , Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa, Fahima Mahmmod Ali.
Page No :
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Human Metapneumovirus Infection: Everything You Need to Know
Abstract
Most children are infected with the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) by the age of five. The virus is capable of causing potentially fatal upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses. Elderly people and young children who are initially exposed to viruses are high-risk groups. There is currently no approved vaccination or standard therapy for HMPV. Raising awareness of HMPV's effects on public health is necessary to spur research, finish developing a vaccine, and avert serious virus-related illnesses and deaths around the world. This article aimed to overview the human metapneumovirus, the causative agent, how spread, symptoms, and treatment.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Amal Jameel Sadiq, Fahima Mahmood Ali.
Page No :
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Understanding Aeromonas: Virulence Factors, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Approaches
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas includes over 30 species of Gram-negative bacteria that are naturally found in aquatic environments. Although they are commonly thought of as fish and other animal pathogens, these microorganisms have gained attention in medical trials because of their capacity to colonize and infect humans. In addition to water, Aeromonas can be found in a wide variety of sources, including soil, vegetables, and food. Despite their opportunistic nature, they can infect patients who are immunocompromised or immunocompetent. Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas dhakensis are typically considered potential human pathogens. The most common clinical signs and symptoms include septicemia, wound and soft tissue infections, and gastrointestinal tract diseases. When it comes to antibiotic reactions, the bacteria exhibit a varied sensitivity profile and ampicillin resistance. This article focused on the Aeromonas species, virulent factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Furqan Munir, Furqan Munir.
Page No : 1-3
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Role of siRNA to knockdown the Genes in Trichinella spiralis and Future Perspectives
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis is a multicellular parasite that has zoonotic importance and causes trichinellosis in humans. It is transmitted from animals to humans through the eating of raw or poorly cooked meat contaminated with muscle larvae. Due to this parasite, meat food safety is disturbed. Initially, anthelmintic drugs are used for their control, but these have certain limitations. So, there is an urgent need for the development of new methods to control T. spiralis infection. Small interfering RNA is synthesized in the laboratory artificially. These are used in molecular biology to evaluate the function and characteristics of different genes. This technique was employed to find novel candidate targets for the development of vaccines. The whole sequence of T. spiralis is completed but the role of many genes is still unclear. RNAi is used to investigate different genes.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Absar, Ahsan Akram, Adnan Younis, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Ahmed Faiz Akbar.
Page No : 4-5
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CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII (L.) ESSENTIAL OIL
Abstract
Murraya koenigii (L.) is an in-demand leaf-spice used in very small quantities for its definite odour due to the presence of volatile oil contents. Curry leaves are commonly used in culinary for flavouring food stuffs. In current investigation, chemical constituents of curry leaves essential oil (EO) was characterized and checked its antifungal properties. There were three treatments and each treatment was replicated thrice. In this experiment, Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used. Each replication contained ten kg of curry leaves for the extraction of essential oil. Chemical compounds of curry leave essential oil were characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FIC). The antifungal action against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger was checked by using Disc Diffusion Method. It is concluded that the curry leaf essential oil is best treatment against diseases caused by A. flavus and A. niger.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Sadia Hassan, Kiran Aslam.
Page No : 6-8
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Challenges and Prospects in the Development of Cultured Meat: Addressing Nutrition, Quality, and Safety for Commercialization
Abstract
Lab-cultured meat, envisioned as a sustainable alternative to conventional meat, has emerged as a breakthrough technology with the potential to address the challenges posed by the rapidly growing global population. Cultured meat production involves the in vitro cultivation of stem cells derived from live animals, utilizing cutting-edge scientific advancements. However, achieving market-ready cultured meat products requires overcoming several hurdles. Key challenges include optimizing nutritional content, replicating the appealing texture, flavor, and color of conventional meat, and addressing the effects of processing methods on product quality. Furthermore, ensuring food safety is paramount, necessitating research on microbial load, genetically engineered starter materials, and strategies to mitigate potential risks. Despite these challenges, several manufacturers are actively working to develop commercialized lab-cultured meat products, paving the way for a transformative shift in the food industry.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Ehsanullah, Dr. Zubair Ahmed, Niaz Muhammad, Asmat Ullah, Muhammad Masood.
Page No : 9-10
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Vaccination Program for Calves
Abstract
Vaccination plays an important role in maintaining the health and productivity of calves. It prevents infectious diseases, which are the main causes of economic losses in the livestock industry. A strategic vaccination program is necessary for effective disease management. This article highlights a comprehensive vaccination schedule for calves, explaining the types of vaccines administered, their mode of action, and the prevention of diseases. The vaccination schedule includes vaccines for diseases such as Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Clostridial diseases, Foot and Mouth disease, Lumpy Skin Disease, and Brucellosis.Various types of vaccines, including killed, live attenuated, subunit, toxoid, and emerging mRNA vaccines, are discussed in relation to their immunological response and practical applications. The analysis includes the route of administration, booster dose requirements for enhanced immunity, and the efficacy of each vaccine. The application of a well-planned vaccination program minimizes economic losses, improves herd health, and reduces disease prevalence. This article presents a detailed guide for veterinarians, researchers, and livestock farmers to enhance calf vaccination protocols for sustainable livestock productivity.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Muqadas.
Page No : 11-12
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Factors Contributing to Increased Atmospheric Temperature
Abstract
Increased atmospheric temperatures are a prime factor contributing to changing the world climate, aroused by human and natural sources. Anthropogenic practices, such as deforestation, fossil fuel burning, and industrial secretions, predominantly enhance the greenhouse effect and give rise to pronounced levels of CO2, CH4, and N2O. These gases prevent the escape of heat from the atmosphere to space and exaggerate global warming. Besides this, natural processes, for instance, solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, and ocean currents, also contribute to climate change. As atmospheric temperatures are increasing day by day, preventive measures are required to prevent drastic environmental changes. These efforts include promoting carbon sinks, and transmission to renewable energy sources that will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in the environment. In addition to this, adaptive strategies including climate-smart agriculture, and resilient infrastructure are essential for encountering the inevitable effects of climate change. This article highlights the primary factors involving increasing atmospheric temperature and explores atmospheric temperature mitigating strategies.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Muqadas, Muqadas Allah Rakha.
Page No : 13-14
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Gold Nanoparticles in Biotechnology
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) due to nano sizes have gained significant heed in biotechnology, because of their extraordinary physicochemical features such as inert, biocompatibility, ease of preparation, and unique surface chemistry. These features enable AuNPs to fit a broad range of biotechnological and biomedical applications. This article highlights synthesis methods like chemical and green synthesis and the potential application of AuNPs in various fields of biology. Moreover, it also elaborates on the future perspective and challenges and how these solutions to these problems can revolutionize the world of medical sciences.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Aneel Shahzad, Talha Talib, Ali Raza , Arsam Ali, Hasnain Idrees.
Page No : 15-16
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Ethnoveterinary use of various medicinal plants against colic in horses
Abstract
There is a growing interest in both human and veterinary medicine in discovering novel natural compounds, primarily derived from herbs, that enhance biological function and promote overall health. The purpose of this article is to elaborate on how some herbal remedies for sport horses' GIT problems are used. Given the availability of novel oral medications, targeted supplements, and health-promoting compounds, herbs are regarded as an extremely valuable resource. The primary benefits of herbal products have been covered, including strengthening the immune system, enhancing performance, enhancing antioxidant status, reducing overall stress, and acting as efficient laxatives in the treatment of GIT problems like colic. We have specifically examined the label claims, potential side effects, and doping interactions of a few popular herbal extracts. Herbal medications have been much more widely available in both human and veterinary care in recent years, especially in the equine industry.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Ahmad Afzal , Neelum Shahzadi, Zohaib Ahmed , Alia Hyder , Hina Saleem , Ayma Zahra , Muhammad Naeem Zafar , Eman Mukhtar .
Page No : 20-24
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Breakfast; the most important meal of the day or a myth?
Abstract
Breakfast earned the title ‘most important meal of the day’ through business strategies by breakfast manufacturers. Breakfast is important as it has various health benefits, but we cannot call it the most important as each meal is equally important. An ideal breakfast should have items from all the food groups to ensure food variety. Some researchers think that the benefits associated with breakfast are due to a healthy lifestyle, not particularly on consuming breakfast alone. But skipping breakfast is noted to cause a lack of energy due to low glucose in the body, hormonal disruption, insulin resistance and heart disease. In the Bath Breakfast Project, a detailed report was made with major findings including that body mass index (BMI) remained unaltered in both the feeding and fasting groups in lean and obese individuals. Breakfast balances the blood sugar levels of later meals. If breakfast is skipped, the person can compensate for the missing calories in later meals such that the overall energy intake is slightly lower or unaltered. No evidence is found that could support the long-standing public opinion that breakfast skipping aids in weight loss because people may adjust their physical activity. Resting metabolic rate remain unaltered in both groups. No difference is seen in total energy expenditure (TEE) in both groups within 24 hours showing that diet-induced thermogenesis is slightly modified by morning eating. Long-term interventions are required to fully understand their effects. Breakfast consumers have higher levels of physical activity thermogenesis. After a mixed-macronutrient breakfast, carbohydrate oxidation increases while suppressing fat oxidation during exercise. Chronic morning fasting does not negatively affect health markers except by lowering glucose tolerance.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Arshan Shafqat, Saifullah Rashid Nadeem, Zohaib Saeed.
Page No : 25-26
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Methods of tick control in livestock
Abstract
Ticks are the biological vectors of various veterinary diseases. They are one of the major threats to livestock health and productivity by transmitting various infectious organisms and causing economic losses. This article focuses on highlighting the importance of various tick control methods, involving the advantages and limitations of chemical, biological, and integrated techniques. Chemical acaricides are considered the most effective method for tick control, but they have risks and side effects that ultimately contribute to the need for sustainable alternatives. Biological control methods include environment-friendly techniques like the use of natural predators and pathogens. Integrated tick management (ITM) combines multiple control methods, providing a comprehensive approach to tick control. In addition, ethnoveterinary practices use traditional plant-based methods for tick control. This article concludes that a comprehensive understanding of a tick's biology is important for developing effective control strategies, which should be an approach having minimal risks, maximum benefits, and environment friendly.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 27-29
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Enhancing Animal Feed Production Through Hydroponic Technology: A Future Perspective
Abstract
The growing global demand for animal feed, powered by increased livestock production, emphasized the reduction of traditional methods of feed production, including soil deficiency, lack of water and impact on climate change. Hydroponic technology, a cultivation method without soil using water -rich water solutions, offers a sustainable and efficient alternative. This approach allows faster growth cycles, higher yields and consistent feed quality and at the same time reduces water consumption and arable land. Hydroponically grown crops such as barley, wheat, oats, corn and legumes, provide increased nutritional advantages, improved digestibility and greater taste for livestock, support for healthier and more productive animals. The risk of diseases in closed systems and limited crop variety also represent biological restrictions, while scalability remains a problem for extensive operations. By overcoming challenges through innovation and supporting policy, hydroponia can control a sustainable and resistant agricultural future.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Ali Ahmad, Ameer Hamza , Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 30-32
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Revolutionizing Agriculture: The Global Impact of Hydroponic Technology in Sustainable Food Production
Abstract
Hydroponic technology is transforming agriculture with the aid of providing a sustainable, efficient, and resource-conscious alternative to conventional farming. With its ability to preserve water, maximize area, and make sure year-spherical crop manufacturing, hydroponics is rising as a feasible method to global meals protection challenges. Urban regions, arid areas, and industrial farming sectors have more and more adopted hydroponic systems, demonstrating their capacity for massive-scale implementation. However, demanding situations consisting of high initial charges, strength dependency, and technical understanding requirements persist. Advances in automation, renewable energy integration, and optimized nutrient formulations are improving device efficiency and accessibility. Policy useful resource and research on crop variety similarly stress hydroponics' growth. By addressing sustainability worries and decreasing agricultural environmental impact, hydroponics has the ability to revolutionize meals production international. As response for weather-resilient farming solutions increases, hydroponic technology will play a vital position in making sure a cozy and sustainable worldwide food deliver.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Haider Sultan.
Page No : 34-35
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Micrometry keys for identification of helminths
Abstract
Identification of nearly all the helminths is bulky base on the precise measurements of eggs, larva, and adult worms. The review of this article provides the detailed description of micrometry keys and measurements for identifying helminths at various stages of life. It includes the characteristics key features like shape, size and specialized structures which are clearly mentioned for each nematode, trematode and cestode. Practical steps for calibration and identification are outlined. Accurate micrometry is crucial for distinguishing between helminth species, above all these features this review also provides valuable resources for researchers, students, and clinicians in diagnostic parasitology
| 17 |
Author(s):
Faiza Sultan, Kashif Saleem, Maria Aziz, Muhammad Sadaqat, Amina Iqbal.
Page No : 36-38
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Livestock Health and Its Contribution to Nutrient-Rich Foods for Human Consumption
Abstract
The global population's rapid growth are coupled with food security challenges which underscores the livestock critical role by providing nutrient-rich foods. Livestock-derived products, including meat, milk, and eggs, serve as vital sources of high-quality protein and essential micronutrients to address nutritional deficiencies in vulnerable populations. Livestock systems including small mixed farms, urban production units, and livestock-dependent societies collectively support food security for billions by mitigating malnutrition and economic disparities. These systems contribute significantly to global meat, milk, and egg production while enhancing sustainability by resource recycling and waste utilization. However, disparities persist, with intensive production models in wealthier regions exacerbating food access challenges in poorer nations. In developing nations, livestock production systems must balance ethical considerations, environmental sustainability, and the growing demand for animal protein. Consequently, we can bridge the gap between food availability and accessibility, fostering resilience and equity in food systems worldwide by recognizing the pivotal contributions of livestock to global nutrition and implementing inclusive policies.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Salman.
Page No : 39-40
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Herbs as an Alternative to Chemical Anthelmintics in Livestock
Abstract
Parasitic infestation in livestock is a major problem for the farmers. These parasites inflict huge losses in terms of production loss and animal mortality. Hence, chemical anthelmintics have been routinely used for the control of these parasites. But, due to the emergence of anthelmintic resistance in the parasites, alternatives are being investigated. Among these, botanicals are a promising choice that are not only environment friendly but also have no reported resistance against them so far. Thus, botanicals need to be further searched upon for the full exploitation of these novel alternatives.
