| 1 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Nadeem Ahmed , Ume Salma, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 1-3
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Male and Female Reproductive System in Camels
Abstract
The camel breeding system is specifically adapted to the dry environment and ensures effective reproduction. The male contains a fibroblastic penis and special accessories that facilitate sperm production, maturity and ejaculation. Their reproductive cycle is directed by testosterone, affecting seasonal behavior. Female animals have a unique two channel uterus and depend on a process called induced ovulation, which means that sexual intercourse indicates the release of an egg. Hormones such as FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone play an important role in pregnancy and birth, with pregnancies around 13 months and usually a calf. Breeding and reproductive success can be affected by things such as nutrition, environmental tension and some reproductive challenges. Understanding how camels are introduced, which is really important for keeping the flock healthy, improving productivity and ensuring sustainable breeding programs in, especially in areas where these wonderful animals are really important for transport important, as well as providing milk and meat.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Nadeem Ahmed , Abdur Rehman, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 4-5
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Why Do Chromosomal Abnormalities Occur? A Scientific Overview
Abstract
Chromosomal defects involve genetic alterations that are caused by abnormal cell division. Often, such errors result in either numerical or structural changes in chromosomes. Structural abnormalities may very rarely result in a disorder caused by meiotic division. The most important types are trisomy, such as Down syndrome, and monosomy, such as Turner syndrome. Contrary to this, mitotic abnormalities may happen in embryos during development. In fact, long lists of things can cause such abnormalities advanced age, environmental causes like radiation or exposure to other chemicals, genetic makeup. Some abnormalities are hereditary, while others occur spontaneously from denovo mutations. Chromosomal abnormalities have been one of the largest risk categories in developmental disorders, infertility, and cancer. Current research is going on to ameliorate genetic therapies and preventive strategies. It is highly important mechanisms of chromosomal abnormalities for early detection, genetic counseling, and potential treatments in future.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Tasawar Iqbal, Ali Ahmad , Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 6-7
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Nutraceutical and Medicinal Benefits of Horticultural Plants in Tackling Food Security-Driven Health Problems
Abstract
Horticultural plants, including fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs, play a key role in solving health problems focused on food safety. Diet with a lack of nutrients contributes to malnutrition and chronic disease, but gardening crops provide basic vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, which supports overall health. Nutraceuticals from these plants help prevent conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. For example, berries and citrus fruits offer antioxidant benefits, while spinach and broccoli have anti -inflammatory properties. Medicinal plants such as turmeric and ginger also support metabolic health. Efforts for Biofortification, such as spinach rich in iron and sweet potatoes enriched with beta-carotene, help fight hidden hunger. Sustainable agricultural innovations such as urban horticulture and vertical agriculture increase access to fresh products. The integration of gardening plants into public health strategies can reduce relying on nutrient terminals, alleviate chronic diseases and increase global food safety.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Javeria, Aiman Irfan, Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 8-9
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Exosomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Unraveling Their Role as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Nanocarriers
Abstract
Undetermined etiology and unknown cause are both synonymous with the term autoimmune disease. It is the very reason behind the occurrence of synovial inflammation and subsequently joint erosion in cases of rheumatoid arthritis. Recent literature has provided plenty of evidence that places exosomes as key players in the pathogenesis of RA, and as such, they might be employed as biomarkers or therapeutic nanocarriers. Due to the fact that exosomal content includes miRNAs, cytokines, and proteins, this indicates that it contributes to the activation of synovial fibroblasts and immune regulation through inflammatory pathways. The presence of these exosomes in the blood and fluid of major joints makes them a good indicator of early diagnosis and monitoring advancement of diseases. Thereafter, newer methodologies have been developed over time, such as molecular docking and bioinformatics, to comprehend the interactions of exosomes in coming years, opening new horizons for therapy.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Arslan khalil, Bushra Sadia, Muhammad Asif, Amara Zafar, Imshal Azam, Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan.
Page No : 10-11
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Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture: A review
Abstract
Nanotechnology has a revolutionary function in sustainable agriculture by maximizing productivity with the least possible environmental effects. Nano-pesticides provide targeted pest control with reduced toxicity and greater efficacy. Nano sensors provide specific detection of soil health and plant wellness, maximizing the use of resources. Nanotechnology also contributes to crop improvement by increasing germination of seeds, stress tolerance, and production. In addition to its advantage, its obstacles include high price, regulatory problems, and probable ecological hazards discouraging mass production. Toxicity, environmental and biosafety studies are indispensable for safe practice. As innovation continues, nanotechnology has an enormous potential in transforming agriculture in terms of boosting efficiency, sustainability and food security. This review discusses its uses, such as Nano-fertilizers, Nano-pesticides and Nano sensors, which enhance nutrient supply, pest management and real-time monitoring. Nano-fertilizers provide precise control over the release of nutrients, maximizing plant efficiency and lessening losses.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Imshal Azam, Bushra Sadia, Amara Zafar, Areeka Batool, Muhammad Asif, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 12-13
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Genetically Engineered Biopesticides: A Sustainable Alternative to Chemical Pesticides
Abstract
Growing public awareness of the possible harm that chemical inputs in agricultural production systems may cause has put pressure on business to create innovative and efficient methods of managing and controlling weeds, diseases, and insect pests. These new approaches must protect the health of agricultural workers and consumers while also being less detrimental to the environment than the present, chemical-based ones. The active ingredients of bio-pesticides are made from microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungus, nematodes, or naturally occurring materials like plant extracts and semi-chemicals. Certain natural materials are chemical pesticides if they affect the pest's nervous system; not all natural products are biopesticides. Products must be applied at the proper site of action in a timely, efficient, cost-effective, and simple manner .This review covered the comprehensive detail of biopesticides, their modes of action, formulation techniques, current developments in biopesticides that have mostly focused on improving their action spectra in order to replace chemical pesticides, and, lastly, the future features of biopesticides.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Areeka Batool, Bushra Sadia, Imshal Azam, Amara Zafar, Muhammad Asif, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 14-15
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Biotechnology in Cerebral Palsy Treatment: Exploring Stem Cell Therapy, and Drug Delivery Through Nanoparticles
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is an incapacitating condition that lasts throughout life in impairments of movement and posture whose etiopathogenesis involves genetic, prenatal, neonatal, and postnatal factors. Different levels of severity are there in each case, so they need long-term follow-up and inputs to improve functional outcomes and quality of life; treatment has mainly been targeted towards symptom-management. New developments in the biotechnological field, such as stem cell therapy and nanoparticle-based drug delivery, hold promises for the future. Stem cell therapy could act as a neuroprotective and reparative agent by promoting neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and modulating inflammation. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery through dendrimers is particularly promising, since they will enable drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, improve efficacious treatment, and better the overall therapeutic approaches. Such emerging therapies give more faith that effective treatments may evolve on the horizon, elucidating avenues for breakthrough in cerebral palsy management. This review will focus on their emerging therapeutic approaches and the possible future advancement of CP management.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Javed khan, Hassan ghazi.
Page No : 16-18
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The diversity of the Ichthyofauna of river Panjkora, district Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
River Panjkora, a home of aquatic fauna located in district Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is 152km long river that originated from Hindu Kush mountains Dir Kohistan and flows through the valley of Dir Upper and joins with River Kabul at Totakan region district Malakand. The present study was conducted to study the fish diversity of river Panjkora from March to September 2023. Fish samples were collected from different localities from river Panjkora using cast net and trammel net and preserved in 10% formalin in clean sterile bottles. A total of 10 different fish species were identified from this river. The river Panjkora is perennial river and support the diverse range of fish fauna due water quality and continuous flow of water through out of the year. The present documented the importance river Panjkora as habitat diverse range fish. But however the Ichthyofauna is under the threat due pollution, habitat loss and over fishing. This study provide baseline for future to study on the diversity of Ichthyofauna of river Panjkora, Dir upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi.
Page No : 19-20
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An overview of Q fever
Abstract
Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a significant zoonotic disease with global implications. The bacterium is highly resilient and can survive in harsh environmental conditions, making it a widespread concern in both human and animal populations. Transmission primarily occurs through aerosolized particles, but other routes, such as ingestion of contaminated milk and tick bites, also contribute to its spread. The clinical manifestations of Q fever can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe complications, particularly in individuals with predisposing conditions, such as heart valve defects or immunosuppression. While the mortality rate is generally low when treated, untreated infections can be fatal. Vaccination and proper preventive measures, especially for individuals working in high-risk environments, have proven effective in controlling the spread of Q fever. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics, such as doxycycline, remain critical to preventing the progression to chronic disease
| 10 |
Author(s):
Aiman Irfan, Javeria, Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 21-23
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Therapeutic Activity of Hydnora Africana used in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Abstract
The parasitic plant, Hydnora africana, termed "jackal food," has been included in various African ethnomedicines for the treatment of several diseases, amongst them rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study, therefore, tries to assess the bioactive constituents and mechanisms of action in a bid to rationalize this perceived therapeutic potential of the subject in the treatment of RA. The preliminary investigation indicated that the plant might be very effective in the management of RA due to its analgesic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory potential. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins were detected by phytochemical screening; all act to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Secondly, its antioxidative property could reduce oxidative stress that increases the risk of pathophysiology in RA. Therefore, more studies should be conducted on the therapeutic and clinical effects in order to obtain the safe and efficacious status of this plant, though positive traditional use and early scientific data are available. Hydnora africana's potential for treating RA highlights the need for further study on natural anti-arthritic treatments.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Javeria, Aiman Irfan, Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 24-25
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Neuromodulation and Bioelectric Therapy in Arthritis: A Non-Invasive Approach to Joint Healing
Abstract
One of the major disabilities, arthritis, usually managed through medications or surgical techniques, will now find alternative non-invasive methods for joint reparation in neuromodulation and bioelectric therapy. The bioelectric signals have been proved to link critical cellular functions, such as pain control, inflammation, and tissue regeneration; hence, it suggests a role for electroceuticals in the remedy set for inflammation of the joint. Current modalities of pain management in joint inflammation and supporting cartilage restoration using TENS, VNS, and PEMFs technologies appear to be successful. Moreover, these bioelectric therapies have fewer side effects and could possibly enable personalized treatments as compared to conventional approaches. The developed safer and more effective alternative to traditional methods in combating arthritis is bioelectric therapy.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Zarrish Rafique, Husnain Riaz, Ali Ahmad, Tasawar Iqbal .
Page No : 26-28
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Decorative Floriculture: The Role of Flowers in Landscaping
Abstract
Ornamental floriculture is important in landscaping. It brings beauty and a touch of value to outdoor spaces, as well as other ecological and psychological benefits. Intelligent use of plants can enhance biodiversity, props up environmental sustainability, and increases urban beautification through their selection in landscape design. Right flowers, right locations, for the right purpose contribute to setting both desired landscape character and quality. Modern landscape design is greatly influenced by vertical gardens, smart landscape technologies, and integration with city architecture. However, this scenario is coupled with problems of adaptation ability of plants, climatic conditions, and cost of maintenance. Floral biotechnology and landscape architecture developments are expected to bring more resilience and sustainability to floriculture. This present review aims at enlightening the reader to the significances, procedures in selecting, sustainability-related practices, and emerging trends that have influenced decorative floriculture, important during present-day landscaping.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Zarrish Rafique, Husnain Riaz, Ali Ahmad, Tasawar Iqbal .
Page No : 29-30
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Value Added Tuberose Products: A New Avenue for Floriculture Enterpreneurs
Abstract
One aromatic flowering plant, tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa), has great value addition potential for floriculture entrepreneurs, apart from being traditionally used in floral decorations. High-value products from tuberose include its essential oils, hydrosols, dried floral arrangements, even edible applications. The essential oils are produced by steam distillation and solvent extraction of the tuberose flowers and find use in perfumery and cosmetics for their uniqueness and aromatic profile. Tuberoses based extract also finds applications in skincare, aromatherapy, and traditional medicine. The increase in natural and sustainable product demands further boosted commercial potential in tuberose-derived goods. However, it is of importance to overcome high production costs and the need of sophisticated techniques in processing for optimum profitability. This paper provides an insight into the economic importance of tuberose value-added products, processing methods, and market prospects in order to diversify floriculture-based businesses.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Zakia Parveen, Bushra Sadia, Rida Fatima, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 31-32
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Zinc oxide Nanoparticle (ZnONPs) Seed Priming: A Sustainable Strategy for Enhancing Zea Mays Tolerance to Salt Stress
Abstract
Salt stress is a severe environmental problem that negatively impacts crop growth, development and yield. Zea mays (maize), a globally major grain crop, is especially vulnerable to salt. The desire to boost the germination and productivity of crops by nanotechnology has gained importance in agriculture sector. The biological technique is the most recently developed way for creating nanoparticles since it is less complicated, environmentally friendly, and time-consuming than the other approaches. A viable, sustainable method for reducing salt-induced stress and enhancing plant resistance is zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONP) seed priming. When ZnONPs are used in seed priming, maize plants experience less oxidative stress and ion toxicity due to improved water uptake, nutritional assimilation and enzymatic antioxidant activities. Furthermore, ZnONPs improve the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stabilize cellular membranes and encourage effective ion homeostasis all of which lead to increased salt tolerance. An effective method for enhancing crop resilience in saline environments is ZnONP seed priming, which combines nanotechnology with traditional crop management techniques. This review will focus on enhancing the tolerance of corn by ZnONPs seed priming under salt stress.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Asif, Bushra Sadia, Muhammad Arslan Khalil, Amara Zafar, Imshal Azam, Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan.
Page No : 33-34
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Plant Extract-Based Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis, Characterization, and Removal of Dye from Wastewater
Abstract
The fast expansion of industrial zones, particularly in the textile sector, has resulted in higher production rates and the formation of dye-laden wastewater, creating substantial environmental and health problems. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) manufactured utilizing green technologies and plant extracts have emerged as a viable wastewater treatment solution. This technique uses AgNPs' distinctive features, such as high surface area and catalytic activity, to break down hazardous dyes via adsorption and photocatalytic reactions. Plant extracts replace hazardous chemicals as environmentally acceptable reducing and stabilizing agents. Several techniques are used for the characterization of AgNPs such as SEM, TEM, EDX, etc to confirm the synthesis of nanoparticles and functional properties. AgNPs are used in many applications including wastewater treatment, anti-bacterial and antifungal treatment. However, some challenges need to be addressed regarding the toxicity of Ag ions after wastewater treatment. This article presents the synthesis, characterization, mechanism of dye removal, and applications of plant extract-based AgNPs.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Javed khan.
Page No : 35-38
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The vital role of fish in nutrition, income, employment and in ecosystem
Abstract
Fish play an important role in human diet, income, employment and a major component of ecosystem. Fish is good source of animal proteins, Fats (omega-3-fatty acid), vitamins (A&D) and minerals (Fe, Zn, Se etc.) which is vital for human health and physical growth. Fisheries and aquaculture provide millions of employments through out of the words, fisheries is handy sector and source of income that boost the economy of the countries. Fish trade globally is worth of US$ 51 billion per year and around 200 million employees directly and indirectly depend on fisheries and aqua culture for their lively hood. Additionally fish play a crucial role in maintaining and balancing of ecosystem. Fish is major component of food web and food chain. Fish eat the larvae of insects to maintain their numbers, fish act as indicator species which alarm the environmental change. Fish fauna face numerous problems and threats including over fishing, pollution, climatic change and habitat loss. This study emphasizing on the conservation and management of fish to protect this valuable source.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Hanzla Mehmood, Hafiz Mustafa Saeed, Areeb Hussain, Haram Mehmood.
Page No : 39-42
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Visual Dominance on Food Labels: A Policy Call for Simplified and Healthier Choices
Abstract
Food labels are the very first impression of the food product, so we can't underestimate the importance of the food labels. However, there is always a debate on the constituents or layout of the food labels. The importance of nutritional information on the food labels as a necessary component can't be neglected. Still, most food labels cannot deliver their message to consumers due to nutritional literacy, demographics, and cognitive pressure. This gap has paved the way for visual labels that are appealing and easy to understand, adding a convenient way to deliver. This review article discusses the importance of both visual and textual labels with a motive to adopt a balanced approach in food labeling, which is necessary for better consumer understanding and decision-making ability. Different studies have shown that visual labels containing warning symbols, color coding systems, and visual representation of textures help in quicker processing attraction and are also less hectic, putting less cognitive load than the heavy text labels that are technical and require more time to process with prior food knowledge. Further, this review has also discussed the emotional link between consumer product choices and personal health concerns. The main challenge experienced by the food labels is consumer literacy, which is somehow linked to demographics like low-income consumer groups or underdeveloped communities, making it difficult to prioritize health due to availability and literacy issues. This review also discusses how visual labels are well adapted to modern human psychology, where humans mostly prefer immediate decisions using clues rather than deep analytical processing of information on food labels. This review suggests that visual labels must consider transparency, clarity, and visual appeal to target a broader range of consumers. The visually driven labeling practices can bridge healthier food choices and consumer understanding, contributing to better consumer purchasing behavior. This review also suggests a new food labeling technique, calling on the researchers to check the implications.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Aiman Irfan, Muhammad Faizan , Javeria, Tasawar Iqbal, Sidra Altaf.
Page No : 43-45
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Pharmacological approaches in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging therapies and future perspectives
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that results in inflamed joints and gradually destroys cartilage over time. The pharmacological diversity has shown a number of advancements over the years that have effectively led to a transformation in management, producing better outcomes for people in terms of quality of life. The former is still being treated first with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, of which methotrexate is the most commonly used biologic DMARDs based on TNF inhibitions and IL-6 blockers have provided targeted immunosuppression. Developments in new drug delivery systems have focused on nanoparticles and lipid-based carriers to reduce first-pass metabolism and minimize systemic side effects. The most recent discoveries in research dealing with medicinal plants and natural products showing some anti-inflammatory activity have opened up a new window of opportunity for adjuvant therapy. The perspectives of RA treatment, mainly emphasizing areas of precision medicine and novel drug delivery systems.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Amara Zafar, Bushra Sadia, Imshal Azam, Muhammad Arslan Khalil, Areeka Batool, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 46-47
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Molecular Pharming: Plant-Based Production of Vaccines and Biologics
Abstract
Molecular farming is a novel biotechnology employing plants as biofactories for the manufacture of vaccines and biologics. Compared with conventional means such as mammalian cell culture or microbial fermentation, plant-based systems provide lower-cost, high-throughput, and safer approaches. Expression platforms like transient expression, stable transformation, and chloroplast engineering can be used for quick, high-yield recombinant protein production. Plant-based vaccines have been promising in infectious diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and veterinary medicine, with examples such as Medicago's COVID-19 vaccine. Advantages are lower costs, decreased risk of contamination, and oral delivery possibilities through edible vaccines. Plant-based systems also offer an instant pandemic response and are environmentally friendly. Challenges such as purification complexities of proteins, regulatory challenges, and public distrust of genetically modified plants slow down widespread implementation. The problems are to be addressed by standard production, next-generation genetic tools, and regulation reform. Plant-based vaccines have the potential to become a significant player in world health with continued development, with vaccine access and equitable distribution improving.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Rida Fatima, Bushra Sadia, Zakia Parveen, Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan.
Page No : 48-49
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Advancements in Understanding Auxin’s Role in Starch Production
Abstract
Starch is a vital nutrient and the main source of carbohydrates for plant growth. While starch is essential for plants' energy source, a network of hormonal signals controls growth and development and auxin is especially important in this case. According to current research, auxin is a plant hormone that affects gene expression and enzyme activity and leads to enhanced starch production. This review includes research on auxin synthesis and regulatory mechanisms, including its impact on starch synthase expression and interactions with cytokinin’s and gibberellins. The article covers the role of auxin in starch deposition across major crops like rice, maize, and peas as well as its impact on grain filling and kernel development. This review also discusses future ideas for altering auxin pathways to increase crop yields. The promise of auxin-based interventions to enhance agricultural productivity and global food security as well as future research is highlighted.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Salman.
Page No : 50-51
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Irrational Use of Antibiotics in Broiler Farming and Its Impact on Human Health
Abstract
Broiler farming is important to fulfil the meat demands of human population. Various practices are carried out in the field to get increased production from these broiler farms. One such practice is the excessive use of antibiotics for disease prevention, treatment and even increasing weight gain. This practice is of serious concern as it raises serious threats to the One Health of the earth in terms of drug resistance, food safety, environmental toxicity and human health risks. Hence, this practice needs to be properly addressed at different levels through joint efforts between all the stake holders.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Munir Shah, Atiq Ullah, Mudasir Khan, Tanveer Ahmed Malik, Asma Amjad, Akmal Ali, Muhammad Usman.
Page No : 52-54
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Revolutionizing Poultry Vaccination: Flagellin A and TLR5
Abstract
Chickens raised in commercial settings are susceptible to many environmental diseases. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases, the flock must be regularly vaccinated. Effective adjuvants that enhance protection and do not result in any unintended adverse reactions when given to birds in conjunction with the vaccine are necessary for the fight against infectious illnesses. In light of this viewpoint, there is a greater need for improved vaccination adjuvants that work. Efforts are underway to improve vaccine effectiveness by using appropriate adjuvants, especially those based on the Toll-like receptor (TLR). Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can identify conserved pathogen compounds include TLRs. Numerous investigations have confirmed flagellin's efficacy as an adjuvant and its capacity to stimulate the production of cytokines by various innate immune cells. Our present knowledge of flagellin action, its function in triggering a cytokine response in chicken cells, and its possible application as an adjuvant in chicken vaccines, both alone and in conjunction with other TLR ligands, are compiled in this mini-review.
