| 1 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Umar.
Page No :
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Mitigating Salt Stress in Wheat Using Indole-3-Acetic Acid: A Comprehensive Study
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic factor that restricts plant growth and yield globally. The application of plant growth regulators such as Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) has emerged as a potential strategy to combat these challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of foliar-applied IAA in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield parameters. A pot experiment was conducted under a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to evaluate various concentrations of IAA under three salinity levels. The findings highlighted the potential of IAA in improving wheat growth and yield under salt stress conditions
| 2 |
Author(s):
Duaa Hayat, Rais Ahmed, Fatima Naeem, Zainab Saeed, Maria Nazir.
Page No : 1-2
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Nitrate Reduction as a Survival Strategy in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Implications for Infection Dynamics
Abstract
The livestock industry is severely financially affected due to the facultative intracellular bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis) that is responsible for caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)in livestock. The survival of bacteria within host environment is greatly reliant on its capacity to utilize nitrate reduction as a mechanism that facilitates bacteria survival under low oxygen conditions. C. pseudotuberculosis employs the use of nitrate as an electron terminal acceptor by this mechanism which enhances its respiratory function. The genetic and enzymological aspects of nitrate reduction in C. pseudotuberculosis explores to understand the implication on survival mechanisms of bacteria and pathogenicity. A review of the bacterial nitrate metabolism mechanisms of survival would be revealing new areas for the treatment of infections and means of control measures. The metabolic capabilities of C. pseudotuberculosis will reveal new pathways to prevent its detrimental impacts on animal health.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Javed Khan, Javed Khan.
Page No : 3-5
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Ichthyo fauna of Kundal Dam district Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
Kundal Dam is small irrigation purpose dam, located in district Swabi that control flood and supply water to irrigate the fertile land of Swabi to full fill the scarcity of water. A field survey was conducted from May to August 2024 to investigate ichthyo fauna of Kundal Dam district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. In this study, a total of eight species were documented including Channa punctata, Channa gachua, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Labeo rohita, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Barilius Vagra and Mastacembelus armatus representing the three families Channidae, Cyprindae and Mastacembelidae respectively. We documented the ichthyo fauna of Kundal Dam for first time and providing a baseline for future research to understand the fish diversity of this region. Fish fauna suffered in various threats including climate change, habitat destruction, pollution, species invasiveness, overfishing and diseases. These threats can decline the fish population, reduce biodiversity and even cause the extinction, therefor this study focused on the management and conservation of fish fauna of this area.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Javed Khan, Javed Khan.
Page No : 6-7
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Morphological and molecular characterization of Cirrhinus mrigala, Mori (Hamilton, 1822) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Indus river district Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
Indus River is the largest river of Pakistan that originated from Tibetan Plateau of Gilgit-Baltistan and flow through the entire Pakistan before merging with Arabian Sea in District Sindh. This river is hot spot of biodiversity having more than 180 fresh water fish species. In this study a total of 10 fish samples were collected from the selected regions i.e., Ghazi, Hund, Beka, and Kund Park from Indus River district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from 24 May to 28 August 2024. The collected fish samples were identified morphologically as Cirrhinus mrigala through standard fish keys and preserved in 100% ethanol for the purpose of DNA extraction. The DNA were extracted from fish muscle and liver using Phenol-Chloroform protocol and characterized by using universal genetic marker Cytochrome Oxidase sub unit I (COI) gene. The new available sequence were submitted into GenBank for accession number PV562800. The phylogenetic analysis of the new reported sequence of C. mrigala showed 100% similarity with other reported similar species from India, China, France and Bangladesh. Fish fauna of Indus River decline day by day due to over fishing, pollution and habitat loss. This study provide a baseline for the management of fish fauna inhibiting in River Indus.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No : 8-9
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Spring’s Warmth and Humidity: A Perfect Storm for Tick Activity
Abstract
While spring is a time for rebirth, ticks are also back. The likelihood of tick-borne infections increases when temperatures rise because these tiny parasites become more active. But what impact do meteorological factors like humidity, temperature, wind, and precipitation have on tick activity, and what does the spring forecast for this year mean? This review aims to discuss how ticks occupy the habitat as a function of different climatic factors, and how these factors impact tick survival and seasonality.
Recent developments in climate research, along with improved knowledge of tick-pathogen interactions, tick distribution, and tick-borne pathogen diagnosis, raise concerns about how environmental factors affect tick abundance and spread as well as the incidence and spread of tick-borne pathogens. It is usually challenging to separate the effects of human behavior from those influencing tick host abundance, even while climate surely affects tick distribution and seasonal abundance.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Sadia Hassan, Rubab Tufail.
Page No : 10-11
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Microencapsulation Methods and Food Applications: A Mini-review
Abstract
Microencapsulation technique has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to increase stability of compounds, to reduce the size of particles, to mask the undesirable taste and improve the quality of compounds. The active material is encapsulated by the core materials which is either polymeric or no polymeric like cellulose and gelatin. There are several techniques used for the microencapsulation such as spray drying, freeze drying, extrusion and coacervation. Many factors affect the quality and efficiency of microencapsulation technique like types of core and wall materials and type of preparation techniques. In this article the applications of microencapsulation in the food industries and factors that affecting the whole process of microencapsulation are discussed.
Keywords: Microencapsulation, Food Industry, Spray Drying, Freezing Drying
