| 1 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No :
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To have an intestine with a good health eat food and supplements with Probiotics and Prebiotics
Abstract
The microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract is linked to several diseases and is essential to overall health. Prebiotics and probiotics are best for improving the control of human and animal gut microbiota. This article aimed to know the effects of probiotics and prebiotics in food and supplements on the gut microbiota. So, to have intestines with good health and the probiotics to work, you should eat food and supplements containing prebiotics like oats, garlic, onions, bananas, etc., and the best example of a probiotic is yogurt.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Sana Nazir, Fazeela Nazir.
Page No : 1-2
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Strategic Dietary Recommendations for the Management of Urinary Tract Infections: A Public Health Imperative
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent bacterial infections in humans and most common in women, children, and elders while rate of infection is high in women. The gastrointestinal system serves as the reservoir for uropathogens. Enterobacteriaceae (E.coli) account for more than 95% of urinary tract infections (UTIs) across all population groups. Diagnosis can be made on the basis of symptoms and urine analysis. This Research suggests that probiotics, Cranberries, some other fruits and vegetables contain compounds which plays an important role in reducing urinary infections. On the other hand, vitamin C and D-mannose are also essential. Probiotics and D-mannose are also available as dietary supplements. In this review, we emphasized on the overview of UTIs, its epidemiology, Uropathogens, diagnosis and Dietary recommendations.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No : 3-4
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Silent Threats: The Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis Among Blood Donors
Abstract
This article aimed to understand the prevalence of silent infection among blood donors. The current article found that latent toxoplasmosis is found among blood donors in several regions throughout the world and this could transfer to the recipient during blood donation.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Moasab Sharif, Choudhary Raheel Ashraf, Amna Sarwar.
Page No : 5-6
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Role of TRIM Proteins in Antiviral Immunity Against Herpes Simplex Virus
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a considerable global strain, responsible for serious morbidity and mortality, especially among women, oppressed communities, and those who engage in high-risk sexual behavior. The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, a family of E3 ubiquitin ligase, play a considerable role in regulating antiviral immunity against HSV-2. TRIM26, a member of the TRIM protein family, has been shown to engage with IRF3, regulating interferon production and maintaining a balanced immune response. Recent findings have revealed that TRIM26 can trigger the ubiquitination of proteins affiliated with HSV-2 replication, leading to the degradation of viral proteins and regulate the viral replication. Furthermore, TRIM26 can negatively regulate key immune pathways. Other TRIM proteins, such as TRIM5α , TRIM23, and TRIM34, also have been linked in immune response against HSV-1. This review highlights the complex interaction between TRIM proteins and HSV-2, underscoring their potential as therapeutic targets for combating viral infectious diseases. Further exploration into the molecular mechanisms of TRIM proteins may lead to the breakthrough of novel therapeutic approaches against HSV and other viral pathogens.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Ahmad Afzal , Ayesha Habib, Eman Ahmed, Iqra Bukhari, Sarah Sher Khan.
Page No : 7-8
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The Importance of Breakfast: Nutritional Significance and Optimal Consumption Patterns
Abstract
Breakfast is regarded as the ‘most important meal of the day’. Breakfast consumers are noted to have been more energetic, vigorous, and can do their everyday routine work more efficiently. Therefore, breakfast should be rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals. An ideal breakfast is recommended, which has an adequate mix of all the food groups in the Food Guide Pyramid. Breakfast can also help indirectly with weight loss by promoting intermittent fasting, which is only possible if you have a wholesome and nutritious breakfast that can sustain you throughout the afternoon. Regular breakfast consumption develops the habit of early rising that could help promote you to have a morning walk before breakfast. It also resolves the problem of persons who do not feel like having breakfast after waking up. Working people do not have enough time for breakfast, so they should include healthy, easy-to-make food items in their grocery list, like eggs and bread. Breakfast skipping is noted to cause dizziness, nausea, fatigue and headache. Breakfast is highly essential for the mental and cognitive health of school-going children. Teachers and parents should work together to make sure that every student has breakfast.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Rustam Ali Balouch , Zohaib Saeed .
Page No : 9-10
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Ticks Pathogenicity
Abstract
These are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites, and ticks constitute a major risk in the transmission of various pathogens that are a serious risk to human and animal health. Transmission of a broad range of disease-causing agents, i.e., viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths, is believed to contribute to their pathogenicity. The effects of ticks can be severe in terms of morbidity and mortality and economic costs, especially in the agricultural or livestock areas. The tick-host-pathogen relationship is complicated and dynamic, and ticks are known to be immunosuppressive and modulatory, which allows them to feed on hosts longer and facilitate pathogen infection. The vector distribution of tick-borne pathogens, such as transstadial and transovarial distribution of pathogens, ensures the perpetuation and widespread distribution of a pathogen. The biological, ecological, and molecular foundations related to tick pathogenicity are extremely important to realize the potential effective tick control strategies and reduce the burden of such diseases in any region of the world. Such information can provide innovative ways of preventing and controlling tick-borne disease.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Taha Bin Husnain, Hussain Sajid , Saima Riaz, Sidra Muhyuddin .
Page No : 11-12
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Enzyme Engineering for Medical and Industrial Use
Abstract
Enzymes are the globular proteins that act as thermolabile biocatalyst, which occurs only in a narrow range of temperatures. They speed up the biochemical reactions that occur in the body. These can be proteins as well as RNA in nature. Enzymes can work in vivo and in vitro. Enzymes have a wide role in scientific, pharmaceutical, and industrial aspects. At the same time, by accelerating the chemical reactions, enzymes play a crucial role in different environmentally friendly processes such as food production, textiles, medicines, detergents, and biofuels. Some enzymes, such as rennin, invertase, amylase, and protease, are used in food processing. As beneficial uses of enzymes, they are first isolated from microbes, animals, and plant tissues. From industrial aspects, they offer an effective role in several industries like dairy, detergent, and the textile industry. Many uses are more in the medical and pharmaceutical industries. After isolation of the desired enzyme, various purification techniques, including filtration, centrifugation, and chromatography, are applied. The genetic manipulation of antioxidant enzymes causes the formation of stress-tolerant plants, to increases the plants’ productivity. In this paper, the role of enzymes in various domains is introduced to meet the needs of global food and environmental problems.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Moasab Sharif.
Page No : 13-14
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Unveiling Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Vibrio cholerae: Perspectives on a Marine Pathogen’s Survival and Defense
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin system or TA genetic modules had been discovered to broadly exist in bacterial genome and mobile genetic elements. They are made up of stable toxins and versatile antitoxins that can resist the toxicity of toxins. The mechanism between toxins and antitoxin could play key roles in the virulence and retention of the pathogenic bacteria. Vibrio cholerae a global significant marine pathogen possesses different TA systems that can play crucial roles in combating environmental stresses and bacteriophage attacks. The DarTG system among with ICEs and PLEs plays a key role in defensive mechanism against phage infection. The HigBA system assists the bacterium to conserve energy under challenging environment, while the VgrG3-TsaB system, a part of type VI secretion system (T6SS), enhances bacterial competition by targeting competing species. These TA systems while providing a survival advantage, also emphasize the dynamic arms race between Vibrio cholerae and its phage predators. In this review, we primarily explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the key TA systems in Vibrio cholerae.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Duaa Hayat, Dr. Rais Ahmed, Ahmed Raza Ali, Faizan Ali, Aiza Aqeel.
Page No : 16-17
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Natural Immunity Boosters in Ethnoveterinary Medicine: Protecting Small Ruminants from Caseous Lymphadenitis
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic, bacterial disease that happens among small ruminants especially in sheep and goats causing certain costs in terms of low productivity and high mortality rates. Ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) is a sustainable approach that is cost effective in taking care of livestock in areas where conventional veterinary care is limited. This article discusses the implication of natural immunity enhancers in EVM toward the prevention and control of CLA. Azadirachta indica (neem), Allium sativum (garlic), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Ocimum sanctum (holy basil) and Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) are medicinal plants found to cure small ruminants that result in enhancement of the immune response. Comparative efficacy in both sheep and goats but goats tend to improve faster. In spite of the advantages issues, like the issue of lack of standardization and scientific validation exist. Based on the results obtained, the article concludes that harnessing traditional knowledge and employing it in modern veterinary science makes animal healthcare systems stronger and environment-friendly and promotes livestock health and sustains livelihoods in the rural population.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Umm ul Khair, Amina Nadeem, Muhammad Mubashir Rafiq, Muhammad Hassan Asghar , Muhammad Hammad shahid gill.
Page No : 18-19
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Drug Resistance and Public Health; Finding Better Alternative Drugs to Use
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the serious global public-health issues that reduce the efficiency of treatment of infectious diseases. Growth of drug-resistance organisms has grown to a higher level due to antimicrobial overuse and abuse, inadequate the level of diagnostics and poor infection-control measures. This review discusses the implications of drug resistance on the health of the population and outlines new avenues of developing alternative means of treatment, i.e., phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, compounds of plant origin, CRISPR-based antimicrobials, drug repurposing, and microbiome-modulating interventions. An integrated solution to this requires multidisciplinary approach that includes antimicrobial stewardship, extensive surveillance, research rewarding as well as an effective public-education program. On the global scale, by means of adequately organized international cooperation, it is possible to limit the spread of AMR, protect the effectiveness of life-saving therapies and technologies
