| 1 |
Author(s):
Talha Javaid, Ghulam Muhammad , Muhammad Qasim.
Page No :
|
Anaplasmosis (fever with anemia and lymph node enlargement) in sheep, goats and deer: A brief review
Abstract
Among tick-borne diseases, anaplasmosis is one of the most significant disease affecting sheep, goats and deer. This disease is more common in summer season and mostly caused by gram negative ricketssial pathogen, named as Anaplasma ovis. Goats are most susceptible to Anaplasma species as compared to sheep and infected animals remains persistent carrier throughout their life. Some of Anaplasma species also have zoonotic threat to public. Clinical signs in infected animals are included as fever, swollen lymph nodes, anemia, nasal discharge, and abortion. Diagnosis is based through microscopy, PCR and ELISA. Treatment approach includes use of imidocarbdipropinate, oxytetracycline along with supportive therapy B.complex. Anaplasmosis in sheep, goats and deer can be managed and controlled by using proper diagnostic methods and preventative measures such as the use of separate needles.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Iqra Shahid, Ramzan Ali, Laiba Fajar, Sonia Naseem, Amtul Shakeel.
Page No : 1-2
|
Current Trends in the Evaluation and Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Women
Abstract
An infectious disease that is prevalent in individuals of all ages and genders, Urinary system inflammation is the consequence of urinary tract infections (UTIs). These diseases are mostly caused by bacteria. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most frequent cause of urinary tract infections. The development of new diagnostic techniques and treatment decision aids will speed up diagnosis and enhance antibiotic stewardship and accuracy. New preventive measures, including vaccination, bacterial interference, and catheter coatings and materials, are being researched and developed. The most common pathogen remained Escherichia coli (≈62%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (≈8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%). Additionally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) UTIs are becoming more common. It has caused a significant increase in the burden of these diseases as well as the growth of antibiotic resistance. Taking probiotics, which are good bacteria, may help keep the urinary tract healthy and clear of many pathogens.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Laiba Yaseen, Ali Raza.
Page No : 3-6
|
CRISPR Technology to Improve Crop Nutritional Content
Abstract
The rapid global population growth and increasing malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies
pose significant challenges to food security and health. CRISPR technology has been utilized to
enhance the nutritional quality of crops, particularly in the biofortification of vital crops. However,
challenges like off-target effects, regulatory uncertainty, and consumer acceptance need to be
addressed. Future prospects involve integrating CRISPR technologies, speed breeding, and
genomic selection to improve global nutritional security.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Saqib Nawaz Ali1, Shoaib Maqbool, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 7-8
|
Antibacterial resistance in poultry from a One Health perspective
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) development continues to be a major worldwide health concern. Poultry accounts for a significant amount of the world's consumption of antibiotics. Despite significant efforts in prevention and management, bacterial illnesses such as avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, causing colibacillosis, and Clostridium perfringens, causing necrotic enteritis, continue to pose significant challenges for poultry producers in terms of economic losses and market limits. Antibiotics have been used to promote growth in addition to treating and preventing these illnesses. Consequently, these practices have been linked to the selection and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Producers that raise poultry are trying to reduce the administration of antibiotics (ABU) in an attempt to battle ABR. In this article, we will discuss antibacterial resistance, its mechanisms, and its impact on the environment, humans, and other animals. We will also discuss the challenges posed by ABR and its alternatives for the future.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Ayesha Waris, Alishbah Roobi, Noreen Aslam, Aqsa Shahid, Hassan Akhter.
Page No : 9-11
|
Menopause Related Musculoskeletal Pain
Abstract
Menopause is an important life phase, which millions of women experience around the world. Menopause can also accompany musculoskeletal pain, a debilitating symptom of menopause that diminishes health-related quality of life. The usefulness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions in reducing musculoskeletal pain and improving quality of life in menopausal women, will also be evaluated. This research will provide crucial understanding of the relationship between menopause and musculoskeletal pain in order to reduce suffering and improve health outcomes for this vulnerable population of women. There are many types of musculoskeletal pain conditions associated with menopause, which impact the quality of life for women. These pain symptoms can be understood as joint pain, stiffness, and other discomfort as a result of hormonal changes. It is important to manage these symptoms as efficaciously as possible and improve menopausal women's overall health and quality of life.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Javed khan.
Page No : 12-14
|
Number of species and conservation status of Kingfishers: Alcedinidae of District Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) is province of Pakistan has diverse geography and climate that support a wide range of habitats ranging from green lush forest to north and arid plains to south. The Himalayan, Karakorum and Hindu Kush mountains supporting alpine meadows, subtropical and temperate forests. Indus River and Kabul River flows through this region that create wetlands, fertile valleys and grassy lands. These diverse habitats are hot spots of biodiversity and iconic for wild life that support a rich verity of endangered and endemic flora and fauna. The present study was conducted from 2024 to 2025 in tehsil Razzar, district Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to investigate the Kingfishers fauna and ecological threats that decline their population in this region. We visited agriculture areas, wetlands, marshy places, ponds and local drainage of Adina, Yar Hussain and Ismailia of tehsil Razzar district Swabi on daily bases. We reported five different species: Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), White throated Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis), Black-Capped Kingfisher (Halcyon pileata), Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle reduis) and crested Kingfisher (Megaceryle lugubris). We observed the drastic decline in the abundance of all the species of Kingfishers studied across the sites with a rapid decline in Pied Kingfisher and slower decline in White-Throated Kingfisher. Population of Kingfishers in this region were decline near in future. The major causes of the decline is habitat loss, pollution, predation, food scarcity, climatic changes and anthropogenic activities. This study suggests that Kingfisher assemblages are declining along with the health status of the habitat. Urgent action is needed to help in designing and implementing effective management strategies for the sustainability of wetlands in the region.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Aqsa Shahid.
Page No : 15-18
|
Hormonal imbalance and its role in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Abstract
The study analyzed PCOS pathophysiology together, clinical manifestations and available treatment options dedicated to physical complications and emotional distress experienced by women. PCOS stands as a prevalent endocrine disorder which affects 6-13% of globally during their reproductive years. The syndrome is characterized by reproductive conditions, metabolic and psychological disturbances that create menstrual irregularities, infertility, hyperandrogenism, weight gain and acne. PCOS is caused by hormonal imbalances that produces increased androgen hormones and insulin resistance leading to ovarian dysfunction. The hormonal imbalance within the body leads to ovarian cyst development while interfering with follicular growth which causes infertility among numerous women. Women who have PCOS face elevated risk factors which lead to type 2 diabetes, obese-related health conditions as well as cardiovascular disease. PCOS physical signs, infertility issues lead to major psychological distress leading to depression and anxiety in patients.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Maqsoodan Shafi, Anas Jahangir, Ahmad Raza, Umair Ahmed, Huzaila Mudassar.
Page No : 19-20
|
Canine Distemper Disease: An Overview
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is an acute viral disease of the genus Morbillivirus. It spreads across the world. Mostly canines are affected, but raccoons, tigers, lions, wolves, and foxes are also included. Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Hyaenidae, Mustelidae, and Procyonidae are members of the carnivore family that are infected by the virus. Measles virus is also a morbillivirus, but it affects human health. Different systems are affected by CDV. Transmission occurs through aerosols of bronchial or pulmonary secretion, body excretion (faeces, urine), and secretions (saliva). When the animal shows nervous signs, it's difficult for the animal to survive. Various tests and techniques are used to diagnose CD, such as enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR (RT –PCR). Infection is not curable. Mostly supportive treatment is adaptive. A veterinarian should be well-informed about transmission, signs, and symptoms to assess the disease and its treatment. Vaccination, Good hygienic practices, and quarantine are used for its prevention and control.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Shoaib Maqbool, Riffat Seemab, Umair Ahmed, Areeba Ubaid Ullah, Muhammad Saqib Nawaz Ali, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 21-22
|
Emerging roles of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine: Targeted therapy and disease control
Abstract
A game-changing tool in veterinary medicine is nanotechnology, which is the modification of material at the nano-scale (1-10nm). This technology is used in the field of medicine as a nanomedicine that can be applied to create effective vaccines, disease diagnosis and prevention, targeted drug delivery, and prevent drug resistance in animals. Nanoparticles like metallic, polymeric, liposomes, and exosomes improve the solubility, bioavailability of the drugs, and their therapeutic effect by reducing the dosage and effectiveness of the drugs. Infectious diseases like FMD, MRSA, and inflammatory bowel disease can all be well-treated with the precise distribution of the drug to the targeted site. In addition, the NPs act as carriers for the vaccines to improve and boost the immune response. Some obstacles, such as biological hurdles, precise delivery, regulatory complications, and financial limitations, that we have to face. Overall, nanotechnology holds a promising future in animal health, offering new approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Sarosh Zameer, Own Nasir , Bilal Iftikhar, Rubab Hussain Awan, Aaiza.
Page No : 23-24
|
Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: Pathogenicity, Zoonotic Perspective and Clinical Application in Medicine
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a part of the avulaviridae family. It is a significant avian pathogen, including lentogenic (low pathogenicity), mesogenic (moderate), and velogenic (high-pathogenicity) strains. Velogenic strains pose an extreme danger to poultry due to systemic infection and a high mortality rate, and cause mild conjunctivitis or flu-like symptoms among poultry workers. In poultry, both live attenuated (LaSota strain) and inactivated NDV vaccines are widely used. NDV has been used in human medicine as an oncolytic virus due to its selective replicative property and breakdown of cancer cells while stimulating antitumor immunity. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is important for disease control, utilizing techniques including virus isolation, hemagglutination inhibition assays, ELISA, and RT-PCR to differentiate and control outbreak management. Emerging advancements in recombinant NDV vaccines and viral vector technologies offer promising platforms for the improvement of vaccine efficacy and expanding applications in both veterinary and human health.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Own Nasir, Bilal Iftikhar, Sarosh Zameer, Saleha Tahir.
Page No : 26-27
|
Peste Des petits ruminants – a devastating viral disease in small ruminants
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants is a highly lethal viral disease that affects small non-domesticated ruminants (including sheep and goats). The pathogen that causes this disease is Small Ruminant Morbillivirus (SRM), which belongs to the genus Morbillivirus and is included in the family Paramyxoviridae. The transmission rate of this virus is very high, as one animal can transmit it to another animal in a very short period. This disease is of high concern for the farmer because it has a high impact on livestock and causes many economic losses in many countries around the world. This disease is difficult to treat due to it's short life cycle. Still, we use preventive measures like maintaining strict biosecurity and following proper diagnostic techniques for the early detection of the virus. Efficiently available modern vaccines are the most effective tools for prevention of animals from this lethal disease.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Aiza Summen , Muhammad Hasan, Zonorain.
Page No : 28-29
|
Isolation of Effective Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to Construct Synthetic Communities and Evaluate Their Impact on Maize (Zea mays)
Abstract
The overutilization of artificial fertilizers in maize (Zea mays) cultivation has cause to environmental degradation and decrease soil microbial diversity. This study intended to isolate effective Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the maize rhizosphere, construct synthetic communities, and assess their impact on plant growth under glasshouse conditions. Rhizobacteria were isolated and screened using high-throughput microplate assays for phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production, and ammonia generation. Genetic diversity and compatibility were assessed using BOX-PCR fingerprinting. Synthetic communities were formulated with compatible, functionally complementary strains and applied to maize in a pot trial alongside controls. Considerable improvements were observed in shoot and root length, biomass, chlorophyll content, and yield factors. Soil biological markers such as microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities also enhanced. These Results emphasize the capability of PGPR consortia as biofertilizers to long term increase maize productivity and soil health.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Mehreen Farid, Rida Fatima, Ayesha Khalid .
Page No : 30-32
|
Biotechnological approaches for enhancing active compounds in medicinal plants
Abstract
Medicinal plants have always depended on their rich reserves of bioactive compounds in the traditional and modern healthcare environments. Nevertheless, environmental conditions, developmental stages, and species restrict the production of these compounds. Fortunately, what is being attempted with the biotechnology breakthrough is to increase the number and quality of bioactives. This review takes us through a series of biotechnology techniques, including in vitro culture and cell suspension cultures, hairy root cultures, and root trichome culture, which help scientists control and upscale the production of secondary products. Meanwhile, genetic engineering, particularly using the CRISPR/Cas9, combined with metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, has proven promising in large-scale re-engineering of biosynthetic pathways to increase productivity. Phytochemicals are identified and enhanced using omics and nanotechnology-based elicitors. These combining approaches have provided a leading pattern in plant improvement not only medically but also economically to enable future plant-based drugs discovery and production.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Hina Pervaiz, Alishbah Roobi, Noreen Aslam, Ayesha Waris, Aqsa Shahid, Rida Sarwar.
Page No : 33-35
|
Impact of Intermittent fasting on blood pressure and weight management
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has become a critical health problem affecting the worldwide populace. The weight loss is indispensable in managing risk factors to metabolic syndrome, and therefore, the strategies that enhance energy balance and weight loss are very valuable elements of dietary recommendations. During the recent past, intermittent fasting (IF) diets have gained a lot of popularity as they have been found to lead to clinically significant weight loss. Such diets normally entail episodes of food intake and abstinence. In conjunction with the body’s control of consumption, blood pressure, and lipid profile, intermittent fasting is also linked to significant loss of weight loss, sometimes in fairly brief intervals between eight and twelve weeks. Time-restricted feeding, in which a person restricts his/her daily caloric intake to 12- 16 hours per day, is one of the most popular types of IF. In particular, Ramadan fasting has been shown to lessen the cardiac demand of hypertensive patients, with or without much change in blood pressure, during and after the fasting period. Similarly to calorie restriction, numerous fixations of intermittent fasting have been shown to be favorable in improving the metabolic and anthropometric health indicators of middle-aged adults.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Izhar, Sahar Riaz, Musharraf Manzoor, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Saira Riaz, Ayesha Bintay Farooq.
Page No : 36-37
|
Neurotropic Nightmare: How Rabies Hijacks the Human Brain
Abstract
Rabies is a disease that infects the central nervous system and causes serious brain damage. The disease is usually spread by the bite of infected animals, specifically stray dogs. Rabies virus (RABV) exists in all territories except Antarctica and Australia, and it is the cause of death of approximately 60,000 people per year. As the virus enters the body, it first multiplies in muscle tissue, then enters nerve cells through muscle tissue and proceeds to the brain via rapid axonal transport. RABV destroys brain cells and interrupts their normal functioning. The disease has five stages and is manifested in furious and paralytic forms. The structural proteins N, P, M, and G of the virus help in evading the immune system after interrupting the antiviral responses, reducing inflammation, and keeping the blood-brain barrier intact. The study of these mechanisms is important, as it is needed to enhance treatment and reduce the chances of this neurotropic virus.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Nadeem, Nasir Ahmad Khan, Anas Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Bilal, Noman.
Page No : 38-39
|
Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) in (Apis mellifera L.): Reasons and Remedies
Abstract
Apis mellifera is a vital pollinator of both agricultural and wild plants. The catastrophic global drop in honey bee population in recent years has been caused by a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). The main causes are viral and fungal diseases, parasitic mites (Varroa destructor), exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides, climate change, inadequate nutrition brought on by habitat loss, the management of V. destructor, and the impact of CCD. CCD has major ecological and economic ramifications. To minimize the bee mortality and support a pollination ecosystem. The practical solutions are improved pesticide application practices, integrated pest and pollinator management, habitat restoration, and awareness programs for farmers and beekeepers. By addressing and underlying causes of CCD and putting science-based solutions into practice, the honey bee population is promised to survive, protecting biodiversity and food security.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Rabia Ameen, Bushra Sadia, Imshal Azam, Esha Rauf, Fathima Jazeela.
Page No : 40-41
|
Use of Genetically Modified Soybean in Modern Agriculture
Abstract
Soybeans are produced all over the world as a foundation of protein and oil used for nutrition and silage, also as an industrial raw ingredient for biofuel. Its yield and quality are adversely affected by extreme conditions, particularly during the germination stage. The world's food supply and food security are in danger due to ongoing climate change. Many molecular techniques have been developed to boost soybean output in order to address these problems. Genetically modified (GM) soybeans overcome many of the drawbacks of traditional soybean farming as a revolutionary development in global agriculture. Increased productivity and less chemical input have resulted from the introduction of features including pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, and higher nutritional quality through genetic engineering. The usage of genetically modified soybeans is investigated in consideration of public opinion, legal requirements, environmental effects, and their contribution to sustainable agriculture. It also explores the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified crops, as well as regulatory implications. While analyzing cutting-edge technology like gene editing and CRISPR, it also draws attention to current issues including resistance development and ethical discussions. The future of GM soybean production globally will be shaped by balanced regulations, scientific progress, and consumer awareness.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Faizan, Muhammad Zaid, Maryam naz, Jaweria khan, Uswa, Ayesha Fatima.
Page No : 42-43
|
Loose Smut in Wheat: Understanding the Life Cycle of Ustilago tritici and Seed Treatment
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Ustilago tritici is the source of loose smut of wheat a devastating seedborne disease that has a major impact on seed quality and wheat yield. Fungal spores infect the developing embryo during the blooming stage, resulting in an infection that is both systemic and internally concealed. Inside the seed, the fungus is dormant; when it germinates, it becomes active and grows with the growing plant. It continues the disease cycle by replacing the normal grain at heading with masses of black spores that are discharged and spread by wind. Disease spread is encouraged by favorable climatic factors, particularly high humidity and moderate temperatures during flowering. Significant production losses and decreased seed marketability are among the economic effects. Using certified disease-free seed, resistant cultivars, and above all treating seeds with systemic fungicides are essential for effective management. Implementing efficient control measures and reducing crop losses require an understanding of Ustilago tritici's life cycle and epidemiology. Significant production losses and decreased seed marketability are among the economic effects.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Afnan Sajjad, Bushra Sadia, Imshal Azam, Fathima Jazeela, Rabia Ameen, Esha Rauf.
Page No : 44-45
|
Organic approaches to enhance Sorghum performance under drought conditions
Abstract
Sorghum production is severely impacted by drought stress particularly in areas with a lack of water. The use of organic farming methods is becoming more popular as a sustainable way to improve crop production in the face of soil deterioration and chemical dependency. Several organic methods for enhancing sorghum productivity and growth under drought stress.These include the use of drought-resistant sorghum varieties, the application of bio fertilizers (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria), organic mulching to preserve soil moisture, and the addition of compost and bio char to enhance soil structure and water-holding capacity. These methods encourage long-term soil fertility and environmental sustainability in addition to plant health and productivity. Farmers can increase the drought resistance of their sorghum crops and lessen their dependency on artificial inputs by implementing these organic practices.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Shaheer Mustafa1, Maimoona Mustafa, Muhammad Talha Nasir, Muhammad Awais Manzoor, Muhammad Noman Khalid.
Page No : 46-47
|
Bee Vectoring Technology (BVT): A Natural Revolution in Crop Protection
Abstract
Bee vectoring technology (BVT) is one of the emerging systems that provides better health to crops by controlling pests and diseases. It protects crops through targeted application of organic products like pesticides and herbicides. In this process, mostly bumblebees or Apis mellifera are used as a vector to deliver microbial agents to the crop. A special instrument called a dispenser is installed at the entrance of bee hives through which all the bees pass and get the component of organic products all over their body. By using the natural process of pollination, all the bees carry these organic components to the target flowers, and that’s how we can achieve better seed production, crop protection, and crop yield. This technology is effective in crops that benefit from pollination, which includes berries, almonds, and tomatoes, but it is not suitable for self-pollinating crops. It also has some drawbacks, such as spreading disease in crops by carrying pathogens and competition among vector species.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Bilal Iftikhar, Sarosh Zameer, Own Nasir, Nouman Tariq, Ahmad Raza.
Page No : 48-49
|
The Deleterious Duo: Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus Aureus in Necrotizing Fasciitis
Abstract
Skin deterioration due to bacterial incursion is a symptomatic infection commonly known as Necrotizing fasciitis. The infection, being mono- or poly-microbial, is arduous to deal with. The disease is accelerating in the case of certain body manifestations. The microbes cause severe systemic toxicity through their virulence factors. The microbes adopt various mechanisms to bypass the body's natural defence system. Their laceration acts as a reservoir for pathogens that perforate the cutaneous barrier and become hostile to the body's defences. These noxious agents then enter various systemic routes and cause their malfunction. The malady is daunting to diagnose because the gangrenous tissue lacks pinpoint evidence of being caused by a specific infection. The LRINEC score also provides an exact tabulation of active malediction. Polymicrobial infestation is strenuous to confront, as antibiotics alone may not be effective and might entail surgical incision. The Assault by microbes makes the plight far more severe and Sisyphean to cope with. Proper vigilance and therapeutic practices should be deployed; otherwise, carnage can result throughout the globe. Debridement should be a prominent practice for wounds to prevent infection.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Adan Qayyum Chauhan, Amir Sohail, Laiba Saeed, Osaf Ahmad, Ahmad Raza.
Page No : 50-51
|
An Overview of Feline Calicivirus
Abstract
Feline Calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen that has significant health implications for domestic cats, particularly in areas where large numbers of animals are housed, such as shelters and catteries. It plays a significant role in causing upper respiratory sero-infection in cats, and it may present in various forms, ranging from mild to severe and progressive systemic illness. The virus's infamousness can be highlighted by its resistance to environmental degradation and the high rates of mutation, leading to the development of many strains with different degrees of virulence. Clinical findings supported with lab testing usually diagnose the case, and treatment is rather supportive, covering symptoms and secondary infection. Even with regular immunization, full protection cannot be achieved because of the genetic flexibility in this virus. Commendable control implies the combined strategy of vaccination, proper hygiene, early isolation of diseased animals, and proper management practices. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical findings, specific diagnosis solutions, therapeutic regimes, and preventative measures against FCV are reviewed.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Esha Rauf, Bushra Sadia, Amara Zafar, Imshal Azam, Rabia Ameen, Afnan Sajjad.
Page No : 52-53
|
MODERN TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE SORGHUM PRODUCTION
Abstract
Sorghum is a staple food for many people in around 30 nations in Africa and Asia's subtropical and semi-arid climates and is well-known for its ability to endure drought. Even though sorghum is grown all over the world, 90% of the land given to it is in 20 countries, with 10 of those countries accounting for 80% of the total. The production of basic food crops is negatively impacted by changes in extreme weather and climatic events, such as high temperatures, excessive rainfall and droughts, which endanger the resilience of ecosystems. Many modern approaches like post-harvest management, proper irrigation, nutrient and pest management and precision farming are all used for better yield. Increased production, lower input costs and sustainable farming are the goals of these advances. By implementing these strategies, farmers may assure food security and environmental sustainability while increasing crop quality and profitability.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Zainab Binty Farooq, Manahal Noor, Khubaib Ahmed, Parvez Jan, Dr. Zainab Arain, Noman.
Page No : 54-55
|
SOIL BIOTA: THE LIVING ENGINE OF SOIL HEALTH
Abstract
Microorganisms and soil animals fall within the scope of soil biota that are necessary to maintain not only soil health, but also ecosystem resilience. The biota effects in the soil functional significance include nutrient cycling, disintegration of organic matter, and establishment of soil structure, which are very important in the growth of plants and ecological imbalance. It also gives importance to the contribution of the different groups of biotics (microfauna, mesofauna and macrofauna) in addition to external contributions such as pH, temperature, moisture and compaction factors that influence distribution and activity. Recently, people have raised concerns about the potential risks to the health of soil that enter into the soil ecosystems as microplastics (MPs). To enhance agricultural sustainability and guarantee a stable environment, it is necessary to maintain soil diversity. Good and effective soil management methods are needed to ensure such ecological problems are addressed adequately.
| 25 |
Author(s):
Khubaib Ahmed, Zainab Bintay Farooq, Manahal Noor, Muhammad Brahamdag Shabir kashani, Jameel Ahmed, Ayesha Bintay Farooq.
Page No : 56-57
|
Thinking In the Dirt: How AI is redefining Soil Science
Abstract
The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing soil science by improving our understanding, prediction and management of soil systems. Digital soil mapping (DSM), nutrient management, erosion evaluation, and soil health evaluation are all being advanced by machine learning (ML) techniques, including Random Forests, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Deep Neural Networks (DNN). AI-driven models that use a variety of datasets, such as remote sensing (RS), topographical, spectral, and meteorological data, are currently assisting traditional methods that were previously time-consuming and limiting. These technologies make it possible to forecast important soil characteristics including pH, conductivity, and organic carbon with great accuracy and precision. when combined with RS and Geographic information system (GIS), AI supports sustainable agriculture by improving real-time monitoring of soil deterioration and water quality. AI is an essential addition to conventional soil science, enabling more accurate and expandable solutions.
| 26 |
Author(s):
Manahal Noor, Khubaib Ahmed, Zainab Bintay Farooq, Shay Chirag, Kaleem Ullah.
Page No : 58-59
|
Phytoremediation: Using Plants to Clean Contaminated Soils
Abstract
Plants are used in the recent, eco-friendly procedure of phytoremediation to eliminate, stabilize or breakdown contaminants in contaminate soils. Compared to other methods of soil remediation which are often expensive and disruptive, this green technology provides a sustainable and budget friendly option. Plants can target a variety of pollutants like heavy metals and toxic chemicals using several kinds of techniques such as phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizofiltration and phytovolatilization. This article examines the fundamentals of phytoremediation, identifies plant species that have capacity to remediate, talks about the types of phytoremediation, drawback, challenges and future recommendations. Phytoremediation is a promising technique for re-establishing soil health and fostering ecological balance in light of growing concerns about soil pollution. This biological method based on number of specialized mechanisms, including phytostabilization, which inactivate the pollutants and stop the pollutants from migrating, and phytoextraction, in which plants absorb and concentrate contaminants in the parts that can be harvested. All these mechanisms plays their vital role according to the type of contaminant and environmental conditions.
| 27 |
Author(s):
Saba Parveen, Muhammad Taha Bin Husnain, Aqsa Ashraf, Maria Aziz, Kashif saleem.
Page No : 60-61
|
Innovative Vaccines: Harnessing Science to Defeat Deadly Pathogens
Abstract
The vaccine is the greatest achievement of the 20th century. This review explains that innovative vaccines play a crucial role in preventing infectious and hazardous diseases. A type of virus that is used in vaccines to produce immunity which is called a Live attenuated virus. Some types of vaccines include live recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines. A live recombinant vaccine uses a weakened (attenuated) live virus or bacterium as a vector to deliver genes from another pathogen, triggering an immune response against both vector and foreign antigen. This approach combines the benefits of live attenuated vaccines (strong immune response) with the precision of recombinant technology, allowing for targeted immune responses. A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that introduces a specific DNA sequence into the body to stimulate an immune response. This DNA sequence, typically carried within a plasmid, encodes a protein antigen that immune system then recognizes and responds to. This approach differs from traditional vaccines, which often introduce weakened or inactivated pathogens or their parts. An mRNA vaccine uses messenger RNA to trigger an immune response, teaching body to recognize and fight off specific pathogens. Currently, only authorized mRNA vaccines are for COVID-19, which use mRNA to instruct cells to produce corona virus’s spike protein, enabling body to develop immunity. American academy fir Microbiology organized a colloquium in order to protect against infectious diseases such as HIV, Tuberculosis, and Shigella etc. Although vaccines that are currently available in market are approved and highly effective.
| 28 |
Author(s):
Maliha Manzoor, Aqsa Ashraf , Maria Aziz, Muhammad Taha Bin Husnain, Humaira Arshad.
Page No : 62-63
|
HIV and the Immune System: How Modern Science is Fighting Back
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks and weakens the immune system of the body in such a way that it causes severe infections and diseases. HIV weakens the immune system by destroying T cells. T cells that are destroyed by HIV are helper T cells or CD4 cells which causes a drop in white blood cells count. HIV has been a major global health challenge for many decades. HIV is capable of hiding in certain Cells of the body, and it remains inactive and undetectable for longer periods of time, which is why traditional therapies are unable to eliminate this because it is difficult to remove the virus from the body. Antiretroviral therapy allows people to live healthier and longer lives. The virus cannot be totally removed from the body, but it can be managed. Currently, researchers are employing sophisticated and promising RNA-based techniques. mRNA vaccines can be used to teach the immune system to identify and combat different strains of HIV more successfully. Two cutting-edge techniques being employed to target and disrupt the virus at a genetic level, including its hidden reservoirs, are RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR gene editing. These modern methods offer hope that, with additional research and Progress, HIV might eventually be prevented or even cured in addition to being under control.
| 29 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Bilal, Khadija Asghar, Subhan Ahmed Khan, Abdul Manan, Haider Ali Aslam, Tassawar Abbas.
Page No : 64-65
|
Biofortified Rice: A Strategy to Tackle Hidden Hunger
Abstract
Hidden hunger is a major and alarming risk for the modern world, with millions of people suffering from malnutrition. The world is seeking a solution by developing crops with rich nutritional profiles through a process called biofortification, and rice, as the main crop of interest, is a staple for billions and is low in many micronutrients, like zinc, iron, vitamins such as vitamin A, and more. Biofortification can be achieved through improved agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or biotechnology. Efforts to fortify rice are progressing positively, as many genetically modified varieties (like GR), hybridized varieties, and conventionally crossed varieties are being developed, with ongoing work to create even better options.
| 30 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Adil, Farrah Deeba, Muhammad Adil, Sulaman Haider, Ghulam Murtaza Awan, Anas Sarwar Qureshi.
Page No : 66-67
|
Reassessment of Ethnoveterinary Practices for Common Ailments in Dairy Animals in Peri-urban Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abstract
To document ethnoveterinary practices (EVPs) used by dairy farmers in peri-urban areas of Faisalabad and categorize significant plant-based remedies. Methods: A one-year survey of 295 livestock owners was conducted using Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Open-ended interviews and plant taxonomy verification were conducted. Results: Fifty-eight remedies were documented through taxonomic validation: 41 plant-based, 11 plant–animal formulations, and 6 non-plant-based. Thirty-nine medicinal plants across 26 families were taxonomically classified. Commonly treated ailments included diarrhea, bloat, mastitis, ectoparasites and zeharbad (toxins). Remedies were predominantly formulated by decoction or pulverization and administered orally or topically. Conclusion: EVPs have played a fundamental role in the healthcare of rural dairy animals. Scientific validation and dosage standardization protocols with formal veterinary systems are crucial to ensure safety and efficacy.
| 31 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Adil, Muhammad Adil, Sulaman Haider, Talha Javaid, Ghulam Murtaza Awan, Muhammad Kashif Ismail, Farrah Deeba.
Page No : 68-69
|
Gastrointestinal and Hematobiochemical Effects of Elevated BUN with Renal Dysfunction in a Male Cat: A Case Report
Abstract
A two-year-old neutered tom, named Slavic, was presented with a history of vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. Clinical evaluation revealed elevated BUN, creatinine, phosphorus, and glucose levels alongside anemia and lymphopenia. A comprehensive diagnostic approach, including hematology, biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography, confirmed azotemia and renal insufficiency. Gastrointestinal symptoms were suspected to be secondary to uremia and dehydration. A seven-day treatment protocol comprising IV fluids, antibiotics, gastro-protectants, and nutritional support led to partial clinical stabilization. This case highlights the relationship between elevated BUN levels and gastrointestinal symptoms in feline renal pathology. Timely diagnosis, supportive care, and nutritional intervention can lead to a favorable outcome, although continued monitoring and chronic management are essential.
| 32 |
Author(s):
Umm ul Khair, Meenal Tariq, Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi, Zuha Fatima , Muqadas.
Page No : 70-71
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Action: Linking Chemistry to Therapeutics
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug action bridges the disciplines of chemistry and therapeutics, providing essential insight into how medications exert their effects at the cellular and systemic levels. Drug molecules interact with specific biological targets through complex biochemical pathways, ultimately leading to therapeutic or adverse effects. These mechanisms include receptor binding, enzyme inhibition, modulation of ion channels, and interference with nucleic acids. This article explores the intricate relationship between the chemical properties of drugs and their pharmacodynamic outcomes, emphasizing the role of molecular interactions in drug efficacy and safety. Additionally, it highlights current advancements in molecular pharmacology and the future potential of personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, and targeted therapies. The integration of molecular chemistry with therapeutic strategies is fundamental for the rational design of novel drugs and the optimization of existing treatment regimens
| 33 |
Author(s):
Umm ul Khair, Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi, Zuha Fatima , Muqadas.
Page No : 72-73
|
Translational Pharmacology: Bridging Experimental Data to Clinical Practice
Abstract
Translational pharmacology is an evolving discipline that seeks to close the gap between laboratory research and clinical application. It plays a vital role in transforming basic pharmacological findings derived from cellular models, animal studies, and early-phase clinical trials into effective therapeutic interventions for human patients. The discipline combines elements of molecular biology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicology, and systems pharmacology to interpret experimental data within a clinically relevant framework. This article examines the processes, challenges, and innovations in translational pharmacology, emphasizing how experimental pharmacological research is refined, validated, and translated into practical treatments. Additionally, it addresses the critical importance of reproducibility, predictive modeling, biomarker discovery, and the integration of artificial intelligence and real-world evidence. The ultimate goal of translational pharmacology is to ensure that promising scientific discoveries lead to safe, effective, and accessible therapies that directly benefit human health
| 34 |
Author(s):
Zain Iftikhar, Muhammad Mubashir Rafiq, Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi, Syed Rizwan Ahmad.
Page No : 74-75
|
Integrated Control of Ticks and Mites
Abstract
Ticks and mites are economically significant ectoparasites that infest a wide range of domestic and wild animals, as well as humans. Their presence affects livestock productivity by causing direct irritation, skin damage, blood loss, and transmitting various pathogens. Traditional control methods primarily relied on chemical acaricides; however, the emergence of resistance, environmental contamination, and concerns about residue in animal products have highlighted the limitations of chemical control alone. Integrated control strategies represent a comprehensive, sustainable approach that combines chemical, biological, environmental, genetic, and management-based interventions. This article explores the biology and significance of ticks and mites, challenges in their control, and the key components of integrated tick and mite management, emphasizing the need for region-specific, species-specific, and economically viable programs to ensure long-term efficacy and ecological balance
