| 1 |
Author(s):
Faiza Hassan , Laiba Mahmood .
Page No :
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Protective Effect of Cynara Cardunculus L. Leaf On High-Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver In Albino Rats
Abstract
Excessive lipid buildup in the liver is the hallmark of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) a rapidly expanding metabolic disorder. Oxidative stress, inflammation and dyslipidemia play significant roles in disease progression. Cynara cardunculus also known as artichoke, is a medicinal plant that is high in antioxidants, flavonoids and polyphenols. Its hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties have been shown in recent experimental investigations. In high-fat diet-induced NAFLD models, administration of Cynara cardunculus extract has been linked to improved liver enzyme levels, decreased lipid accumulation, improved lipid profile, and restoration of normal liver architecture. According to these results Cynara cardunculus may be a useful natural remedy for managing and preventing fatty liver diseas
| 2 |
Author(s):
DR. Kashif Iqbal, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooq.
Page No :
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Drug Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: A Growing Concern for Animal and Human Health
Abstract
Every time a sick animal is given an antibiotic, a small but important battle takes place inside its body. Most of the time, the drug wins and the animal gets better. But sometimes a few tough germs survive the treatment. These survivors can multiply, pass their toughness on, and eventually give rise to bacteria that no medicine can easily kill. This problem is known as drug resistance, or more specifically antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and it is quietly becoming one of the biggest challenges in veterinary medicine today.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Mahzaib Zahid , Mahnoor Sher Afgan , Abdur Rasheed, Bisma Iftikhar , Nimra Shehzadi .
Page No : 1-2
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Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview of Epidemiology, Transmission, Drivers of Resistance, Advanced Intervention and Preventive Measurements
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a mechanism of resistance that interconnects with
environment, pollution and water influencing a global threat to human health with
predicted high mortality rate which will be far higher than other ongoing challenging
diseases. AMR led the drugs to lose it effectiveness on microbes through resistance
mechanism and made the disease more worsen to recover. This article on AMR aims
to provide an overview by compiling current knowledge on this ongoing life threaten
global concern and to improve our understanding by focusing on the drivers of
resistance, transmission, one health perspective on AMR, its prevention and advanced
interventional strategies.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Rameen Fatima, Malaika Khalid, Hafiz Muhammad Hassnain Saad, Eman Fatima, Ahmad Raza.
Page No : 5-6
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FRAGILE X SYNDROME: DECODING A COMPLEX NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism, affecting around 1 in 4,000 individuals globally. This review analyzes the complex neurodevelopment landscape of FXS, beginning with its genetic origin: the expansion of CGG trinucleotide repeats (>200) in the 5′-UTR of the FMR1 gene. This expansion triggers epigenetic silencing and the subsequent loss of Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), an essential modulator of synaptic plasticity and neuronal mRNA translation. Clinically, FXS presents as cognitive impairment, social phobia, and distinctive phenotypic traits, with significant phenotypic variability between males and females. Innovation in AI-driven drug discovery, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), and CRISPR-based epigenome-editing therapies offers new prospects. In contrast, current management relies on behavioral interventions and symptomatic pharmacological support. However, it is challenging to translate molecular insights into clinical efficacy. This review highlights the urgent need for robust biomarkers and improved clinical trial designs to advance targeted therapeutic strategies for FXS.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Mamoonah Tahir, Esha javed, Ayesha Jamil, Maimona, Mukashifa Matloob, Moiza Noor.
Page No : 7-9
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Evolving Approaches in Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Present Insights and Future Perspectives
Abstract
TB is still a major public health problem and is responsible for substantial mortality and morbidity around the world. Timely and proper diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment and disease control. The review highlights the existing and new strategies used for TB diagnosis, such as conventional and molecular methods, immunological assays, biosensor-based platforms, and artificial intelligence (AI)-aided tools. New technologies like GeneXpert testing, NG sequencing, and non-sputum-based diagnostics have enhanced the timeliness and quality of TB diagnosis, especially drug-resistant TB. But problems associated with cost, infrastructure, and accessibility persist in preventing broad adoption. New diagnostic opportunities related to technologies that are faster, cheaper, and more user-friendly, developed at the point of care, could improve TB detection and help to contribute to global TB elimination.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Eman Farrukh, Attika Azam, Abuzar, Sadeeq Ahmad, Wajeeha Ahmadani, Moiza Noor.
Page No : 10-12
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The Role of Epigenetics in Cancer: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications
Abstract
Changes in epigenetics are key in cancer onset, progression, and therapeutic resistance through balancing the expression of genes without mutating the DNA sequence. In contrast to the non-reversible genetic mutations, the epigenetic changes are dynamic and can possibly be reversed; thus, they offer attractive targets for clinical approaches. This phenomenon is a review of the key epigenetic events in oncogenesis, such as DNA methylation, histone changes, chromatin remodeling, and control by non-coding RNA. Another effect is the silencing of tumor suppressor genes by aberrant promoter hypermethylation and a global hypomethylation that causes genomic instability and the oncogenic activation of oncogenes. The transcriptional control is further interfered with by dysregulation of histone-modifying enzymes and chromatin remodeling complexes, which promote malignant transformation, metastasis, and avoidance of immunity. There is also an emerging body of evidence that highlights the interplay between the reprogramming of epigenetics and the tumor microenvironment, which includes hypoxia, inflammation, and metabolic stress, all of which together influence tumor behavior. Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing and single-cell epigenomics have enhanced the discovery of epigenetic biomarkers, including circulating tumor DNA methylation biomarkers and non-coding RNA biomarkers, to detect and prognose early. Epigenetic-targeted agents, such as DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors, and new chromatin-modifying enzyme inhibitors have demonstrated clinical utility, at least in hematologic malignancies, and are under investigation with immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Fatima Rahim, AbuZar, Usman Ali Hassan3, Muhammad Naeem Zafar, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Warda.
Page No : 13-14
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Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Paediatric Obesity
Abstract
Paediatric obesity has become a major issue of global concern in the area of public health, with multifactorial interactions between genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. Caloric overeating, inappropriate diet, sedentary lifestyles, and disturbance in the metabolism of the body are the main contributors to excessive adiposity among children and adolescents. Metabolic complications, which result, namely, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, NAFLD, and premature onset of metabolic syndrome, substantially increase the likelihood of cardiometabolic disease throughout life. Management requires a multidisciplinary strategy that incorporates nutritional counselling, encouragement of physical activity, behavioural change, and family interventions. Poor diet and lack of physical activity have central roles in the development of diseases too. Sustained behavioural support, culturally sensitive interventions, and stringent policy evaluation should be of priority in future studies to reflect the establishment of effective public health interventions.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Asad Ali Azhar, Ali Ahmad*, Abu Bakr Riaz , Muhammad Usman Abid, Husnain Riaz, Zarrish Rafique.
Page No : 15-16
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An Investigation of Factors Affecting English Language Learning Motivation among Undergraduate Students in Pakistan
Abstract
English is widely recognized as the international language of education, science, technology and professional communication. In Pakistan, undergraduate students are expected to develop English language skills to meet academic and career requirements. However, students’ motivation to learn English is influenced by various personal, academic, social, and institutional factors. This mini-review examines the main factors influencing the motivation to learn English language among undergraduate students in Pakistan by analyzing the current knowledge and educational trends. It discusses the importance of motivation, the role of teachers, family support, learning environment, teaching methods, technology, confidence, and socioeconomic background. The review also highlights common barriers that reduce students’ interest in learning English and suggests practical strategies to improve motivation in higher education institutions. Understanding these influencing factors can help educators and policymakers create supportive learning environments that encourage better English language performance among Pakistani undergraduate students.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Asad Ali Azhar, Husnain Riaz*, Muhammad Usman Abid, Ali Ahmad, Abu Bakr Riaz, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 17-18
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English Language Learning Motivation in Pakistan: A Study of Influencing Factors among Undergraduate Students
Abstract
English plays an important role in education, business, communication and professional development in Pakistan. It is widely used in higher education and is considered an essential skill for academic success and career advancement. However, undergraduate students’ motivation to learn English varies according to personal, social, academic, and environmental factors. Some students are highly motivated because they recognize the value of English to achieve their future goals, while others face difficulties due to poor teaching methods, limited learning opportunities, and lack of confidence. This paper discusses the importance of English language learning in Pakistan and examines the main factors affecting the motivation of undergraduate students. It also highlights common challenges and suggests practical strategies to improve learning motivation. Understanding these influential factors can help educational institutions, teachers, and policymakers develop effective approaches that encourage students to improve their English language skills and achieve better academic and professional effects.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Urooj Anwar, Nafla Aslam, Ahsan Shabbir, Abdul Mohsin.
Page No : 19-20
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Revolutionizing Grazing Animal Care Precision Livestock Farming Applications (PLF)
Abstract
The developing economies of Asia and South America have driven up the consumption of animal products over the last 40 years, which has led to an increase in the world's dietary requirements. This has led to massive changes in the way livestock are managed inside livestock production systems. Due to workforce and resource limitations, producers often need help to evaluate each grazing animal in a herd individually. Precision livestock farming is all about utilizing sensors and computer algorithms to keep an eye on animals in real-time. This helps catch problems early and also makes producers more aware of what each animal requires. Some examples of these technologies include virtual fencing for herd and grazing management, automated weighing systems, geographic information systems (GIS) for evaluating and optimizing pastures, radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors for detecting and monitoring individual animals’ behavior, and body temperature monitoring. Economic and cultural barriers, as well as a lack of technical infrastructure, limit the adoption of existing commercial goods, which are primarily designed for cattle. This review delves into the various PLF systems and applications for grazing animals, offering insights into their current state and future directions for research and tactics aimed at enhancing their uptake and utilization in modern large livestock systems.
