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Mastitis is a devastating disease in the dairy industry. The severity of mastitis depends upon its type and duration. It can either be caused by contagious pathogens or environmental pathogens. These pathogens enter the udder and cause toxicity which not only affects milk production but also the quality of milk. This disease has a worldwide impact affecting farmers economically. Several diagnostic approaches are used to evaluate mastitis, to control and manage this disease including somatic cell count and specific enzyme concentration in milk. This disease can be treated by using antibiotics and alternatives to antibiotics such as bacteriocin. Some modern approaches like vaccination (immunization) are also used as a pre-adaptive treatment of mastitis. Sometimes, genetic factors contribute to resistance against mastitis. We can also prevent the disease by adopting some techniques and methods. Mastitis is the most economically significant bacterial disease of dairy cattle. It needs further improvement in control to ensure the sustainability of dairy farming.
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