Articles

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is the most prevalent viral disease in cloven-footed animals. FMDV has seven serotypes O, A, C, Asia-1, SAT-1, SAT-2, and SAT-3. The oral cavity, udder, heart, feet, and oro-pharynx are the main sites of replication of FMDV. For the effective control of FMD, we require sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. It is noted that from January to March, a rise in disease outbreaks happened, mainly associated with the movement of livestock during the days of Eidul-Azha. Age, sex, and species are the factors that are associated with the outbreaks of FMD antibodies. FMD mainly causes salivation, anorexia, fever, and vesicular eruption in the mouth, teats, and feet. FMD followed by a decrease in the production of milk, meat, and other animal by-products. Different techniques like Sandwich ELISA, Indirect ELISA, and rt-PCR are used to diagnose this prevalent disease.