Articles

Abstract: White spot disease (WSD) in freshwater fish is caused globally by the ciliated protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Infected fish have 0.5-1.0 mm white spots on their skin and fins leading to gill dysfunction, osmoregulation problems and mortality. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis goes through three stages in its life cycle including the trophont (feeding), tomont (reproducing) and theront (infective) stages. Diagnosis of white spot disease relies on microscopic identification of trophonts. Effective management and preventive measures involve prompt treatment, proper quarantine procedures and thorough sanitation practices. This review highlights the economic impact and importance of understanding the developmental stages of the parasite and implementing preventive measures to control white spot disease affecting freshwater fish populations.