Author(s) :

Mehreen Farid, Rida Fatima, Ayesha Khalid .

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Medicinal plants have always depended on their rich reserves of bioactive compounds in the traditional and modern healthcare environments. Nevertheless, environmental conditions, developmental stages, and species restrict the production of these compounds. Fortunately, what is being attempted with the biotechnology breakthrough is to increase the number and quality of bioactives. This review takes us through a series of biotechnology techniques, including in vitro culture and cell suspension cultures, hairy root cultures, and root trichome culture, which help scientists control and upscale the production of secondary products. Meanwhile, genetic engineering, particularly using the CRISPR/Cas9, combined with metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, has proven promising in large-scale re-engineering of biosynthetic pathways to increase productivity. Phytochemicals are identified and enhanced using omics and nanotechnology-based elicitors. These combining approaches have provided a leading pattern in plant improvement not only medically but also economically to enable future plant-based drugs discovery and production.

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