| 1 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Khalid Jabar Aziz, Farhad Buzo Mikaeel, Nawal Kamal Shokry.
Page No :
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New Flu Strain Sparks Worldwide Watchfulness
Abstract
Every winter, the flu strikes, but this year seems to be unusual. Health officials around the world are on high alert because a new, mutated version of the H3N2 flu has appeared. This strain has already caused serious, early outbreaks in several countries during the 2025 flu season. It’s concerning because this version has seven key changes that make it different from the H3N2 strain included in this year’s flu vaccine. This article aimed to raise worries about how well the vaccine will work and whether this new flu could make people sicker
| 2 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha, Khalid Jabar Aziz , Nawal Kamal Shokry.
Page No :
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Parasitic Diseases and Diabetes: Prevalence, Risks, and Clinical Implications
Abstract
Diabetic individuals are more likely to be susceptible to parasitic infections because they are immunocompromised. According to recent researchers and several studies, gastrointestinal parasites such as Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Blastocystis hominis, and hookworm are prevalent in diabetic people and cause malnutrition, anemia, and difficulty in the management of diabetes. This article aimed to understand the effect of these parasitic diseases on diabetic people, how to treat these infections, and how to inform diabetics how to protect themselves from these infections.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Amna Maqsood , Muhammad Amir, Palwasha Kanwa, Muhammad Yasir Malik, Qalb E Abbas Qaseem, Muhammad Umair.
Page No : 1-3
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Emerging Viral Diseases and Recent Advances in Resistance Implementation in Glycine max (Soybean)
Abstract
One of the most common crop plants in the world that is a legume is Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), the crop is a major source of oil and protein in food consumed by human beings and animals. In recent years, viral diseases have re-emerged as a major limiting factor to the production of soybean affecting yield and quality of plants in other continents. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV) and Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) are examples of viruses that have been increasing in occurrence as a result of the changing climate and the change in agronomy. High-throughput sequencing and similar technologies of RNA silencing, CRISPR-Cas gene editing, and transgenic expression of resistance genes have made it easier and faster to understand and control these pathogens. This mini-review will overview viral pathogens of soybean that are important, the mode of resistance, and current advancements in the field of molecular breeding and biotechnological methodologies to attain long-term control of the virus. An integration of conventional breeding with genome-assisted and synthetic biology solutions is one of the keys to the attainment of permanent virus resistance in G. max.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha, Khalid Jabar Aziz, Farhad Buzo Mikaeel, Nawal Kamal Skokry.
Page No : 5-6
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Understanding Primary Headache Disorders
Abstract
Among the most prevalent and incapacitating conditions in the globe are primary headache disorders, such as migraine, cluster headache, and tension-type headache. There are few therapeutic options and a significant likelihood of misdiagnosis due to the uncertain pathophysiology of primary headache problems. The main headache disorders, their types, and their causes have all been outlined in this article.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Ayaz Haider Khan, Ali Murtaza, Rubiaka Yousaf.
Page No : 8-9
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Breeding for Durable Disease Resistance in the Era of Climate Change: Navigating a Shifting Landscape
Abstract
Stable crop production is a pillar of food security in the world; however, this pillar is being grossly undermined by the duality in the changing plant pathogens and the changing climate. Climate change acts as a threat multiplier, causing the conventional resistance genes to become obsolete faster due to changes in the distribution patterns of pathogens, selection pressures, and host plant vulnerability. The present review holds that a lasting resistance can only be achieved through a complete paradigm shift where the current practice based on individual major genes is replaced by comprehensive, climate-sensitive approaches utilizing the current methods of genetic manipulation and the vast repertoire of genetic materials. We integrate information about the ecological reconstruction of host-pathogen relationships by climatic change and assess superior breeding strategies, such as genomic selection, gene editing, and use of crop wild relatives. Notably, we critically evaluate the serious trade-offs and socio-economic impediments that exist in the execution of the said solutions.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Momina Malik, Rais Ahmed, Umaima Nadeem, Rimsha Mushtaq, Zarnisha Malik.
Page No : 10-11
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The Silent Return: Re-emergence of Bacterial Zoonoses in the Anthropocene
Abstract
Anthropocene, which means humans are changing the environment, and that is increasing the chances of infectious diseases severity. Some bacterial diseases from animals are re-emerging globally. Factors like farms, deforestation, animals grazing around, global trade and changes in weather are all making animals and humans interact more. This enhances the chances of disease transmitting from animals to human. Some of the diseases are re-emerging and sometimes worse than before due to leaving this issue unimportantly and pathogens are becoming drug-resistant such as brucellosis, Q-fever, tuberculosis, plague and leptospirosis. Some of these diseases coming back and sometimes worse than before because we're not giving close attention and germs are becoming drug-resistant like brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever, tuberculosis from animals, and plague. All these shifts are challenging public health, especially in minimum resource regions where diagnosis is limited. This review highlights the major fundamental and ecological influences behind the re-emergence of bacterial zoonoses in Anthropocene by representing pathogen of concern, highlighting the key pathogen of concern and need of One Health approach.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Umer Liaqat, Hammad Shad, Muhammad Sebtain Arshad, Muhammad Afzaal.
Page No : 12-13
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Climate change and crop protection: Toward a Climate-Smart Pest Management practices for food security.
Abstract
Climate smart pest management (CSPM) sets up integrated pest management practices within climate smart agriculture to reduce pest induced crop losses, strengthen farm and land scape resilience to climate change and decrease greenhouse gas intensity per unit of food. The effective CSPM needed to coordinate action across farmers, extension departments, research policy and finance sectors. Development of toolbox of preventive agroecological practices, monitoring and forecasting or resilient varieties and an enabling environment are required that reward adoption. This present study enclosed the need for CSPM practices, key benefits, core components and toolbox, and innovative technologies that affect CSPM. This study also provides an insight into policies that enable environment protection. In conclusion, CSPM reframes pest management as an essential, cross sectoral component of climate smart agriculture that simultaneously advances food security, adaptation and mitigation. Scaling CSPM requires political leadership, investment in surveillance and forecasting, breeding for resilient cultivars, finance mechanisms and gender responsive extension.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Momina Malik, Rais Ahmed, Fatima Tuz Zahra, Atiya Rehman, Alishba Zahid.
Page No : 14-15
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Cross-Species Transmission of Viral Zoonoses: Threats to Animal and Human Health
Abstract
Almost 60-70 % of newly discovered infectious diseases start in animals, viral zoonotic diseases are among the biggest threats to global health. Cross-species transmission enables pathogens to move between different species and creating new reservoirs targeting outbreaks in humans and domestic animals. This process is fueled by ecological disruption, agricultural intensification, viral evolution, and wildlife trade. The mechanism allowing viral spillover are examined in this review including host-pathogen interactions, genetic adaptation and environmental interfaces involving wildlife, livestock, and humans. The complexity of transmission pathways is represented by pathogens such as, rabies, Nipah viruses, arboviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses. This review also described the need for integrated surveillance systems, the increasing threats posed by urbanization and climate change and implications for One Health security. Pandemics in future caused by viral zoonoses spillover must be avoided by early detection, biosecurity, international cooperation, and immunization campaigns.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Umer Liaqat, Umer Liaqat, Sheraz Ul Haq.
Page No : 16-17
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Silicon Based Fertilizer: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Managing Sucking Insect pests
Abstract
Silicon (Si) fertilizers offer a sustainable strategy for enhancing plant resistance to sucking insect pests. Si is absorbed as monosilicic acid and deposited as amorphous silica, strengthening plant tissues, increasing hardness, reducing digestibility, and limiting stylet penetration by sap-feeding insects. In addition to these physical barriers, Si stimulates biochemical defenses by increasing activities of defense enzymes, phenolics, and lignin, which collectively reduce insect feeding and disease susceptibility. Studies across cropping systems show that Si supplementation decreases the performance, preference, and reproductive capacity of major pests such as aphids, whiteflies, planthoppers, and mealybugs, while also disrupting their development. Multiple Si sources (including calcium, potassium, and sodium silicates) are effective, with soil application providing greater systemic uptake than foliar spraying. Si fertilization also reduces pesticide use, production costs, and enhances yield, supporting environmentally friendly agriculture. When combined with biological control, Si fits well within integrated pest management programs, though optimized strategies for dicots are still needed.
