| 1 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha, Farhad Buzo Mikaeel, Amal Jameel Sadiq.
Page No :
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Ectopic Ascariasis: Overview, Sites, Diagnosis, and Management
Abstract
When the adult of Ascaris lumbricoides migrates outside the gut, it can cause ectopic ascariasis, which can lead to significant consequences such as pancreatitis, peritonitis, or biliary blockage. Our article aimed to inform you how the adult of Ascaris lumbricoides causes ectopic ascariasis.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Farwa Anam , Sidra Altaf, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 1-3
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Combined Effect of GLP-1 Agonist Drugs Ozempic and lifestyle medicines with personalized nutrition and hydration to maintain metabolic health and sustainability
Abstract
The rapid emergence of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s), specifically semaglutide and the brand name Ozempic, has changed how we manage diabetes and obesity; these drugs must also be integrated with a lifestyle medicine methodology to ensure their continued success. Now pharmacotherapy is being used synergistically with a combination of personal nutrition, precise hydration, and behavior based treatment techniques to ensure continued metabolic health. In addition to decreasing the desire to eat, GLP-1 medications alter the interaction between the gut and brain, and how the body stores fat, which has implications for lean muscle mass, micronutrient status, and hydration status. The proposed framework helps us see GLP-1 medications as tools to promote metabolic health, rather than just isolated drugs that can be used to treat one condition, while providing the potential for equitable and resilient health care. As a collective force, this integrated approach allows for long-term success, regardless of population differences.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Mahnoor Farrukh, Sidra Altaf, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 4-6
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Emerging Veterinary Biologics as Predictors of Human Immune Response: Epidemiological Evidence
Abstract
Veterinary biologics, including vaccines, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies, are important tools to help predict the potential for immunity in humans from a One Health perspective. Using epidemiological data based on natural exposure allows for the approximate creation of human-like immunological responses that could not be obtained from clinical controlled trials. Data such as antibody kinetics, cellular activation, and correlates of immunity allow researchers to establish human immunological characteristics from studies in veterinary medicine. Comparative study of multiple species confirms that immunological pathways and biomarker systems for vaccine performance are conserved across species. Zoonotic disease case studies show the importance of veterinary investigations in determining potential human health risks and vaccine development. Despite species-specific differences, veterinary epidemiological data, along with systems immunology and predictive modeling, give accurate forecasts of immune responses.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Aqsa Hammad, Sidra Altaf, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 7-9
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Nutritional and Reproductive Determinants of Anemia in Women of Childbearing Age
Abstract
Today anemia severely limits the ability of women to reproduce and negatively impacts the health of mothers before, during, and after labour. Changes to diet and levels of activity have a direct effect on the amount of iron stored in my body; especially for women aged 15 through 49. Consuming less than enough iron and poorly available forms of iron, not consuming adequate amounts of other essential vitamins and nutrients, along with overall undernourishment lead to anemia. If you can maintain a balanced diet that provides proper nutrition to support reproductive functions, you can increase the likelihood that you will be able to remain healthy throughout your life. Identification of these issues will lead to better developed and implemented responses for nutrition, care, and feeding that are based upon population-based behaviours or tendencies.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Hira Anwar, Sidra Altaf, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 10-12
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Long-Term Impact of Metformin Therapy on Vitamin B-12 Status: An Epidemiological Approach
Abstract
Metformin is the most popular drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is common to prescribe metformin for long periods of time, sometimes for the entire life. While metformin is an effective, safe, and inexpensive treatment, long-term use may reduce vitamin B12 absorption, causing deficiency in some patients. Vitamin B12 is necessary for the formation of red blood cells, proper functioning of nerves, and the development of a healthy brain. Deficiency causes fatigue, anemia, numbness, cognitive problems, and neuropathy. Studies show that individuals with older age, longer treatment durations, high metformin doses, or a low B12 diet are more likely to develop vitamin B12 deficiency. Deficiency can be reduced by consuming vitamin B12-rich foods. Furthermore, there is a great need for a multidisciplinary approach to reduce, minimize, and inhibit long-term complications in people with type 2 diabetes
| 6 |
Author(s):
Umm-e-Habibah, Sidra Altaf, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 13-14
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Epidemiological Trends of Diabetes in Urban Pakistan: Evidence of a Growing Public Health Crisis
Abstract
Diabetes is now a major health issue caused by urbanization in Pakistan. Urban residents are especially affected by the significant rise in the number of people with diabetes or pre-diabetes due to rapid urbanization, as well as changes in their lifestyle and diet as a result of population growth and other demographic shifts. Urbanized locations are still experiencing high levels of undiagnosed diabetes and are at risk for many lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, which together create significant problems for their healthcare systems, including increased expenses associated with treating diabetes-related complications and issues with maintaining the ability to provide adequate diabetic healthcare services due to increased costs. This rapid increase in incidence has created a very urgent need for effective prevention measures, early detection, and enhancement in primary healthcare delivery systems.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Hafiz Mohammed Hamayu, Sidra Altaf, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 15-16
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In Silico Modeling of the Viral Replication Mechanism in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Abstract
Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a life-threatening disease transmitted by ticks, posing a significant public health challenge in regions where it is prevalent. Understanding how the CCHF virus replicates is essential for developing effective treatments, but working with the virus in laboratories requires strict safety precautions due to its high risk. To overcome these limitations, researchers increasingly rely on computational approaches that allow them to study the virus safely, efficiently, and at lower cost. This project employed several computer-based strategies, including comparing viral genetic sequences, modeling protein structures, predicting potential drugs to disrupt viral-host interactions, and applying systems biology to explore the roles of viral proteins in genome replication. Findings from these approaches have deepened our knowledge of viral replication mechanisms and identified potential targets for antiviral therapies. Overall, this study highlights that computational methods are powerful tools for advancing CCHF research and guiding future drug development efforts.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Asma Alizai, Sidra Altaf*, Tasawar Iqbal.
Page No : 17-18
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Pathophysiology and Molecular Mechanism of Nipah Virus
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a new virus that is a serious threat to public health and global security because it has a high mortality rate and can spread rapidly between people. In this paper, we will summarize our current knowledge of NiV virology, including how NiV enters human hosts, replicates, evades the immune response, and causes disease. A primary focus will be placed on the unique molecular basis for NiV's clinical manifestations, which include the specificity of NiV infection to endothelial and neuronal cells, the dysregulated immune response of the human host, the presence of virulence factors that are unique to each strain of NiV, and the failure of the host immune system to generate an effective immune response to eliminate NiV from the human body. Furthermore, recognizing the global public health threat of NiV infection and its implications for global health security emphasizes the need for innovative and proactive surveillance strategies to reduce the hazards associated with this zoonotic viral pathogen.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Tabeer Fatima.
Page No : 19-20
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Seasonal Affective Disorder: Neurobiological Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Approaches
Abstract
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a form of recurrent depressive illness in which symptoms appear in a consistent seasonal pattern, most frequently during the autumn and winter months. Since its formal identification by Rosenthal in 1984, SAD has been recognized as a condition marked by excessive sleep, low energy, reduced social engagement, increased appetite, and cravings for carbohydrate-rich foods, which interfere with daily functioning, academic performance, occupational productivity, and overall quality of life. It affects an estimated 4–15% of the general population, with a higher prevalence among females. SAD is influenced by multiple interacting factors, including disruptions in circadian rhythm regulation, altered melatonin and serotonin activity, reduced exposure to daylight, and other neurobiological processes. Research indicates that individuals with SAD may experience cognitive difficulties, particularly in attention, working memory, and emotional processing, which are comparable to those observed in nonseasonal major depressive disorder. Treatment options, including light therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, lifestyle interventions, and pharmacological approaches, have demonstrated variable effectiveness. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the role of screening instruments, particularly the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), while acknowledging its limitations. Enhanced assessment tools are needed to support accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Eisha Yasmeen, Beena Ghaffar, Zeenat Bibi, Nadia Khan, Amna Maqsood, Muhammad Yasir Malik.
Page No : 21-23
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Genomic Plasticity and Molecular Evolution of Begomoviruses
Abstract
The most economically significant and largest family of plant infectious ssDNA viruses is Geminiviridae, which causes devastating diseases in cotton, tomato, cassava and papaya crops throughout the world. Begomoviruses are very diverse (they have small genomes with ~2.6-2.8 kb in length) and evolve at high rates with high rates of mutation, recombination, and pseudorecombination, as well as interactions with betasatellites and alphasatellites. Recombination hotspots at the intergenic region, replication-associated protein and coat protein gene tend to result in epidemic strains, whereas the satellite associations tend to increase pathogenicity and adaptability. Recent developments in the high-throughput sequencing and molecular phylogenetics have shown the intricate evolution patterns, such as expansion of host range and geographic organization. Awareness of these molecular processes is critical in forecasting the viral outbreaks, developing long-term crops that develop resistance, and enhance global food security and agricultural sustainability through enhancing protection measures of crops.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha, Farhad Buzo Mikaeel, Amal Jameel Sadiq.
Page No : 24-25
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Emerging Nipah Virus: From Outbreaks to Public Health Challenges
Abstract
The Nipah virus is a newly discovered zoonotic paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus, which leads to encephalitis and severe respiratory illnesses in people. Fruit bats are the natural reservoir, allowing for frequent spillover to domestic animals and humans because of their widespread distribution throughout South and Southeast Asia, Oceania, and portions of Africa. The epidemiology, clinical characteristics, transmission dynamics, and healthcare response to Nipah virus outbreaks are reviewed in this article. The lack of approved vaccines or particular antivirals in spite of encouraging candidates in animal models and early trials, the scarcity of genetic data from multiple impacted areas, and the requirement for coordinated surveillance at the human–animal–environment interface are further gaps that are highlighted in this article.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Ahmad Raza , Safdar Hassan , Muhammad Sharif, Fawad Ahmad .
Page No : 27-28
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Effect of Replacement of Antibiotic with Probiotic and Prebiotic on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Nutrient Digestibility in Broilers
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess how probiotics and prebiotics, as opposed to antibiotic growth boosters, affected the growth performance, carcass features, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks were randomized to receive diets supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics, or both, as well as an antibiotic control. During the course of the trial, growth metrics such body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were noted.At slaughter, characteristics of the carcass, such as dressing percentage and breast yield, were measured. Additionally, the apparent nutritional digestibility of crude protein and dry matter was ascertained. The probiotic and prebiotic-fed birds outperformed the antibiotic-fed group in terms of weight gain and feed efficiency. Breast proportion and carcass yield were either unchanged or somewhat increased in the supplemented groups. It was determined that broiler diets supplemented with probiotics and prebiotics can effectively replace antibiotics, improving performance and nutrient utilization while supporting sustainable chicken production.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Moiza Noor, Arooj Fatima, Esha Javed, Iqra Zubair, Malika Shameem.
Page No : 29-31
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Neuroinfectious Diseases: How Microbes Invade and Disrupt the Nervous System
Abstract
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites lead to neuroinfectious disorders, which pose a serious global health risk because they are extremely morbid and fatal in addition to having long-term neurological consequences. These viruses exploit the innate vulnerabilities of the central nervous system (CNS), including immunological privilege or the blood-brain barrier, to infect patients through hematogenous spread, neuronal pathways, or direct invasion. Microorganisms induce neuroinflammation, demyelination, neurotransmission changes, and neuronal death to cause both acute diseases, such as meningitis and encephalitis, and chronic neurodegenerative outcomes after entry into the brain. Its spectrum of these clinical manifestations is acute, dangerous infections, post-infectious autoimmune diseases, and persistent intellectual disability. Innovation in neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, molecular diagnostics, and biosensor technologies has enhanced detection, and treatment involves antibiotic medication, immunomodulation, and supportive care. The preventive strategies, like vaccination and infection control, are also essential. The ongoing studies on the new treatment and regeneration strategies are encouraging in that they can be used in the removal of the burden of neuroinfectious diseases across the world.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Zakria Rehman, Abdul Maalik, Mahnoor Rasid, Iqra Iqbal, Momina Mahmood .
Page No : 32-34
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Nutritional and Metabolic Control of Ferroptosis: Mechanisms and Biological Relevance in Humans and Animals
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-necrotic, iron-dependent cell death that is caused by lipid peroxidation overload and antioxidant defenses breakdowns. In comparison to apoptosis or necrosis, ferroptosis is developed because of metabolic vulnerabilities, especially iron imbalances, glutathione deficiency, glutathione peroxidase 4 suppression and phospholipid oxidation. Nutritional conditions have been identified as potent regulators of ferroptotic susceptibility since diet affects antioxidant stores, membrane lipids, redox metabolism and iron condition. This review identically describes the biochemical processes involved in ferroptosis, particularly the role of iron redox cycling, polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme and other lipid repair pathways. It also discusses the role of nutrients like selenium, vitamin E, Coenzyme Q10, sulfur related amino acids, iron and dietary fatty acids in the regulation of ferroptotic signaling. Lastly, biological usefulness of ferroptosis in humans and animals is addressed, including its role in cancer biology, neurodegeneration, infectious disease, metabolic diseases and veterinary diseases. Nutritional management is suggested as the potential solution to tune ferroptosis for improving health and preventing tissue damage and increasing resilience to disease.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Nasir Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Nadeem, ZAIN UL ISLAM, Abdul Rehman, Arif Hussain, Shafqat Rasool.
Page No : 35-36
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Mushrooms as a Sustainable Protein Source in Climate-Resilient Agriculture
Abstract
Mushrooms, a sustainable protein source, have a bright future as they can significantly improve food security. They are environmentally friendly because they use fewer resources for cultivation and use agricultural waste as substrate. It contributes to human health and nutrition by providing a rich nutritional profile. It's farming with regenerative agricultural models that promote rural livelihood, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and improve soil health through low-cost production and value addition. The potential of mycoprotein innovation and climate-smart food systems is posing increasing challenges in post-harvest management and technical expertise. Mushrooms, with the objective of climate resilience and sustainable development, offer a nutrient-dense and eco-friendly protein source.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Abdul Hannan.
Page No : 37-38
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The Symphony of Soil: Balancing Minerals and Microbes
Abstract
Soil is a dynamic and living ecosystem where mineral components and microbial communities interact in a finely regulated balance that determines fertility, productivity, and environmental sustainability. Minerals derived from parent rock material provide structural stability and essential nutrients, while microorganisms drive biochemical processes that regulate nutrient availability and organic matter transformation. The interaction between these physical and biological components governs nutrient cycling, soil aggregation, and plant health. Disruption of this balance through unsustainable agricultural practices, excessive chemical inputs, and climate change can impair soil structure, reduce biodiversity, and compromise long term productivity. Conversely, management strategies that support microbial diversity and maintain mineral equilibrium enhance resilience, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem stability. Understanding soil as a coordinated and integrated system emphasizes the need for sustainable land use practices that preserve both its mineral foundation and biological vitality. This article explores the interconnected roles of minerals and microbes, highlighting their collective importance in maintaining soil health and ensuring agricultural sustainability.
