| 1 |
Author(s):
Faiza Hassan, MARIA LIAQUAT.
Page No :
|
Misuse of Pregabalin: An Emerging Public Health Concern in Neuropathic Pain Management
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a persistent disease that arises due to the malformation or impairment of the nervous system and in most cases, it is necessary to treat it with specific pharmacological interventions. Pregabalin is extensively applicable in the treatment of neuropathic pain, epilepsy, Fibromyalgia, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through the suppression of abnormal nerve functioning. Regardless of the therapeutic value, misuse of pregabalin has become an increasingly popular public health problem. Others overdose on drugs recommended in order to obtain the effects of sedation or euphoria causing dependency and addiction. The drug is contraindicated with other central nervous system depressants like opioids or alcohol since this induces the risk of respiratory depression and overdose. In such countries as Pakistan, the lack of difficulty in obtaining drugs and the inability to track prescriptions make the non-medical usage go up, and stricter control and education are required.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No :
|
Quorum Sensing and Its Role in Bacterial Behavior
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a central communication system and regulating system that lets bacteria coordinate group behaviors crucial for virulence, biofilm formation, motility, sporulation, toxin production, and resistance. There are two main types: acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in Gram-negative bacteria and autoinducing peptides (AIPs) in Gram-positive bacteria. It means bacteria can use quorum sensing to make group decisions based on population density, which enhances coordination, efficiency, and adaptability and allows bacteria to act as a multicellular organism to perform tasks that are only effective in large groups. This article aimed to provide an overview of quorum sensing, types, and its mechanism.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Faiza Hassan, Ayesha Ghulam Muhammad.
Page No : 2-3
|
Protective role of Aloe vera in hepatic disorders
Abstract
Aloe vera, the plant that has been used in traditional medicine, has now become popular because of its beneficial impact on the liver. The liver may be vulnerable to oxidative stress, inflammation, and toxicity owing to its detoxifying and metabolic functions. Anthraquinones (aloin, aloe-emodin), polysaccharides, flavonoids, vitamins, and phenols are some of the many bioactive ingredients found in Aloe vera that altogether help make it protective. Their antioxidants abilities are evidenced by the fact that they are capable of neutralizing free radicals, reducing inflammation, and promoting repair processes in cells. Aloe vera supplementation may reduce the risk of damaging the liver, improve detoxification, and promote liver regeneration according to scientific research. However, as it lacks sufficient clinical evidence, the use of Aloe vera as a first-line treatment is still not advisable. It should be taken only as a supplementary agent and more research is needed to prove its effectiveness and safe use. Overall, Aloe vera stands out as a valuable natural means of improving the liver condition and protecting against various threats.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Ayesha Waris, Aima Naeem.
Page No : 4-7
|
Gut Physiological Dysregulation Induced by MicroplasticExposure
Abstract
Due to the staggering quantities of plastic production and disposal around the world, microplastic pollution is a growing environmental and public health concern. Microplastics refer to plastic materials that are less than 5 mm in diameter and are usually found in water, food, soil, and in the atmosphere. The human exposure is primarily by ingestion of contaminated water and food and inhalation of airborne particles. Recent research indicates that microplastics can negatively impact the gut physiology by causing oxidative stress, inflammation, microbial dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and a change in nutrient absorption. Such physiological disturbances can lead to gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. Besides this, microplastics can also potentially communicate with gut microbiota and affect the gut-brain axis, thus having an impact on metabolic and neurological health. This review explains the sources and routes of exposure to microplastic, the processes that lead to physiological changes in the gut, associated systemic health effects, and environmental management measures that can be taken to mitigate human exposure and contamination of the environment. The physiological impact of microplastic pollution should be understood to implement successful environmental policies and public health facilities
| 5 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No : 8-9
|
Hantaviruses and Human Disease: A Concise Overview
Abstract
Hantaviruses are globally distributed zoonotic RNA viruses that spill over from chronically infected rodents, causing HFRS and HPS/HCPS with high mortality driven by capillary leak and organ failure. There is still no globally effective, specific treatment or vaccine, so reducing rodent exposure, maintaining strong surveillance, and providing early, high‑quality supportive care remains the main tools to limit severe disease and death. The aim of this article is to know the brief overview of hantaviruses as major global public health threats causing HPS and HFRS.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No : 10-11
|
The Role of Plasmid in Antibiotic Resistance
Abstract
• Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA.
• Plasmids are the main vehicles for gene transfer among bacteria.
• It plays a significant role in facilitating the spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.
• Plasmids frequently carry genes that code for proteins capable of neutralizing or blocking the effects of antibiotics, such as beta-lactamase and efflux pumps.
• They can carry and transfer genes that confer resistance to various antibiotics through several mechanisms: the direct carrying of resistant genes, the process of horizontal gene transfer, the influence of selection pressure, and the development of multidrug resistance.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Qamar Abbas, Abdur Rasheed, Malik Ahmad Raza Sohail, Aroosa Khalid, Chiragh Ali.
Page No : 13-14
|
Emerging and Neglected Zoonotic Parasites: A Review of Toxoplasma, Leishmania, Echinococcus, and Cryptosporidium
Abstract
Zoonotic parasitic infection remain a major global public health challenge, posing a major public health burden worldwide. Zoonotic parasites are species capable of infecting humans with severe clinical manifestations and, in some cases high mortality rates. Various animals serve as natural reservoir for a wide range of parasitic pathogens. Factors such as Urbanization, poor sanitation and hygiene, and close contact between reservoir hosts, intermediate hosts and humans significantly contribute to the transmission of zoonotic parasitic infections between animals and humans. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the transmission, life cycle, pathogenesis, and diagnostic approaches of clinically important zoonotic parasites including Toxoplasma gondii, Echinococcus granulosus, Leishmania donovani and Cryptosporidium parvum, with particular emphasis on their global disease burden, clinical severity and high prevalence.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Shabbar Ali.
Page No : 15-17
|
Potato Crop Irrigation and Management: Strategies for Sustainable Water Use and Yield Optimization
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important global crops. It is the world's fourth most significant crop in terms of total production, with over 380 million metric tons of potatoes produced worldwide annually. With shallow root systems and a strong phenological response to water deficiency, scheduling and managing irrigation for potatoes is vital for tuber yield and quality. The purpose of this article is to compile and summarize the latest research findings regarding potato water needs and irrigation technologies/scheduling, soil/nutrient interactions, and biological/environmental factors that affect irrigation efficiencies. Peak water demand ranges from 500 mm to 700 mm for the potato season and occurs during tuber bulking, when the tuber's crop coefficient (Kc) value ranges from 1.05 to 1.20. Combining drip irrigation and deficit scheduling has produced up to 40% water-use savings, with minimal yield reductions, when real-time monitoring of soil moisture and evapotranspiration is used for scheduling. Enhancing water use efficiency is accomplished through soil management practices such as increasing organic matter, tillage methods, and precision fertigation. The leading edge in the precision management of potato water use includes new technologies such as IoT-enabled sensors, remote sensing, and machine-learning-based decision-making systems. This review synthesizes physiological, agronomic, and technological information into one comprehensive framework for improving potato irrigation systems under the growing global challenge of water shortages.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Momina Mahmood, Muhammad Zakria Rehman*, Abdul Mohsin.
Page No : 18-21
|
Metabolic Reprogramming of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis in Transition Dairy Cows: Integrative Strategies from Nutritional Precursors to Epigenetic Modulation
Abstract
This review focusses on metabolic changes in early lactation dairy cows with respect to hepatic gluconeogenesis and potential avenues to optimize metabolic adaptation. During transition, there is a negative energy balance, decreased dry matter intake, significant amounts of lipid mobilization and greater demands for glucose is required for lactose synthesis, all these activites put a lot of stress on the liver. Therefore, hepatic gluconeogenesis is critical to ensure glucose homeostasis and productive performance. Propionate, lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids are important glucogenic precursors that, together regulates the enzymatic activity and play a significant role in hepatic glucose production. The review also covers nutritional interventions to enhance metabolic resilience and minimize transition associated disorders, including propylene glycol, rumen-protected nutrients, probiotics and precision feeding strategies. Furthermore, the regulation of hormonal mechanisms, pathways involved in sensing nutrients and epigenetic modifications of gluconeogenic genes are dscussed. Nutrigenomics and the use of metabolomics markers combined with the advent of AI-driven precision nutrition could offer future possibilities for health and sustainability in dairy production during transition.
