| 1 |
Author(s):
Dr. Faiza Hassan , Laiba Mahmood .
Page No :
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Hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia against high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in albino rats
Abstract
Background: One of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. There is a need for more safer and more effective substitute because there are still few therapeutic options available for liver disease. A common medicinal plant in traditional medicine, Tinospora cordifolia is known to has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
| 2 |
Author(s):
Nadia Noreen, Hifza Qamar, Ahmad Raza, Fakhra Muqaddas.
Page No : 2-3
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THE BRAIN –GUT-SKIN AXIS: NEUROIMMUNE AND MICROBIAL CROSSTALK AND ROLE OF POSTBIOTICS IN SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Abstract
The Brain-Gut-Skin Axis (BGSA) is a complex bidirectional communication network in which psychological well-being and intestinal health directly influence skin health. There exists a strong connection between mental conditions, gut microbiome composition, and skin disorders. Studies have shown that people with skin inflammatory conditions also experience mental conditions like depression, along with gastrointestinal (GI)tract issues like bloating, constipation, etc. These clinical signs highlight the connection between brain, gut, and skin conditions. Dysbiosis disrupts normal physiology; thus, to maintain it, therapeutic interventions are suggested in this article. The postbiotics are emerging as a more stable and safe therapeutic alternative. Examples of the compounds that act as postbiotics and have shown promising results in treating inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and acne are: short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), extracellular polysaccharides, microbial cell fragments, cell lysates, vitamins, and teichoic acid. In recent years, a thorough understanding of BGSA and the use of emerging compounds like postbiotics is essential for eradicating the inflammatory skin conditions from their root.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Ayesha Rafique, Easha Anwar, Ahmad Raza, Atika Saifullah, Muhammad Umer Latif.
Page No : 4-5
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Role of Artificial Intelligence in AMR Prediction
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a significant health threat, resulting in around 1.27 million fatalities each year. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical demand for groundbreaking antiviral therapies and reliable diagnostic methods. AI is crucial in forecasting AMR by examining bacterial whole genome sequences, enhancing treatment approaches and monitoring. Conventional approaches frequently miss new AMR factors, resulting in errors in detecting resistant strains. Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its importance in predicting resistance trends, with instances of effective models reaching as high as 95% accuracy in estimating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). AI supports applications in optimizing antibiotic utilization, forecasting infectious diseases, and improving drug development. Automated systems greatly enhance AMR genomic monitoring by providing actionable information for infection management. Although there have been notable advancements, obstacles persist in AI adoption, especially the absence of extensive clinical trials, which could hinder confidence in AI relative to traditional approaches. Tackling AMR necessitates collaborative actions within the One Health approach, combining strategies for human, animal, and environmental health. In conclusion, although AI and big data offer significant promise for addressing AMR, continuous research and improvement are necessary to address challenges and improve clinical applications.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Awais Nadeem, Huzaila Mudassar, Fakhar Abbas, Muhammad Huzaifa Ahmad, Ali Naqi Hassan, Ahmad Raza.
Page No : 6-7
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Rabies Prevention through Veterinary Public Health and One Health
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient, fatal zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by the rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus and the family Rhabdoviridae. Humans and livestock animals are at major risk of getting rabies infection from rabid dogs, that result in thousands of deaths annually. Transmission of the virus occurs when the saliva of infected dogs enters the body through a bite. Diagnosis of the disease is done through history, clinical signs, and laboratory-based surveillance. Surveillance should not be limited to domestic animals; it must involve all the animals that have a chance of getting rabies. Rabies can be prevented by vaccinating dogs and humans before or after exposure. One Health strengthens public health by promoting vaccination, raising community awareness, responsible pet ownership, and controlling rabies through shared action among people, animals, and the environment. This article describes the etiology, role of veterinarians in disease surveillance, laboratory-based surveillance, mass dog vaccination programs, challenges in rabies control, and community awareness about rabies.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Ifza Siddiqui, Daniya Muzammil Khan, Amama Sadia, Mansoor Ali, Warda Siddiqui.
Page No : 8-9
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AN OVERVIEW: NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
Abstract
As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the specifications and usage of different nutrients change significantly. These changes are supported by multiple nutritional and metabolic irregularities that are identified in the continuum of kidney disease. To provide appropriate care to patients with CKD, it is necessary to have a perception of the applicable nutritional principles: an approach to assess dietary status, establish patient-specific nutrient needs, and prevent or treat possible or ongoing dietary deficiencies and derangements. The keywords utilized were "chronic kidney disease," "administration," and "principles." The incorporation conditions were researched to ensure administration directions for individuals with CKD. The majority of the article focused on managing Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes findings, clinical recommendations, the most commonly acknowledged, and guidance for the management of CKD. The research identified that the recommendations highlight the significance of initial recognition and control of CKD and the demand for a strategy that includes numerous interventions in its treatment.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Fakhar Abbas, Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Awais Nadeem, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Usman.
Page No : 10-11
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NEWCASTLE DISEASE VACCINES: FROM CONVENTIONAL LIMITATIONS TO CHITOSAN NANOVACCINE SOLUTIONS
Abstract
Newcastle Disease(ND) is considered one of the most important infectious diseases that cause economic loss in the worldwide chicken industry. Given the genotypic variations of the Newcastle disease virus(NDV) and the obstacles in maintaining cross-immunity, this article explores the current limits of conventional ND vaccines, emphasizing the practical applications of chitosan, a biodegradable biomaterial, in the production of next-generation nanovaccine delivery platforms. Relative to conventional vaccines, chitosan-based nanoparticles present both types of immunity (cellular, humoral), sustained antigen delivery, and optimized mucosal immune responses. The advantages of chitosan nanovaccine in chicken rearing systems are shown in this research, including lower vaccine cost, enhanced disease control, and strengthened biosecurity. The article finishes by explaining what can happen in the future regarding the use of nanoparticles for nanovaccines, legal requirements, and the areas where the research is still needed in the poultry sector.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Muneeb.
Page No : 12-13
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Dual Transcriptomics in Plant-Insect Interactions: Decoding the Molecular Battle Between Crops and Insect Pests
Abstract
Insect pests pose a threat to crop production because they cause damage to plant tissues, decrease yield, and quickly adapt to host defenses. Plants respond by signaling with hormones, producing secondary metabolites, strengthening cell walls, and other defense mechanisms, and insects respond with salivary effectors, detoxification enzymes, digestive proteins, and regulatory molecules. Dual transcriptomics, also known as dual RNA sequencing, is the study of the gene expression of the crop and the insect at the same feeding interaction. This two-sided approach allows researchers to gain insight into the simultaneous occurrence of plant defense and pest adaptation in real time. Using bioinformatics tools, the mixed RNA data can be split into plant and insect reads, which can be used to identify defense genes, pest vulnerability genes and important molecular pathways. This information can aid in resistant crop breeding, RNA interference control, and more targeted pest management.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Rabbia Sajjad, Mubashir Naseer, Mudassir shafique, Muhammad Qasim, Ali Naqi Hassan.
Page No : 14-15
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PROBIOTICS IN POULTRY: BENEFITS, SOURCES, APPLICATIONS, AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
Abstract
Probiotics are essential microorganisms that play an important role in poultry health, productivity, and production efficiency. They assist in maintaining intestinal microbiota, support normal gastrointestinal function, and contribute to better flock performance. In recent years, probiotics have become increasingly important in poultry production, as natural alternatives to antibiotics and growth promoters. They are commonly used in the poultry feed, drinking water, and commercial management programs to support healthy broiler, layer, and breeder flocks. It also emphasises the growing role of probiotics in modern poultry nutrition and management. Overall, probiotics represent a safe, natural, and efficient poultry production protocol for the future of poultry farming. This article explores the major sources, benefits, and importance in poultry production. This article discusses the growing adoption of probiotics as natural microbial supplements in commercial and antibiotic-free poultry farming.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Atika Saifullah, Muhammad Kaleem Gillani, Momina Waheed, Iram Shabbir, Areeba Iqbal.
Page No : 16-17
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE: OPPORTUNITIES, APPLICATIONS, AND CHALLENGES
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a transformative technology that is changing modern healthcare by improving the accuracy and efficiency of medical services. This article discusses the major applications, opportunities, challenges, and future prospects of AI in healthcare. AI-driven technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer-based tools have significantly enhanced the diagnosis of disease, medical imaging, drug discovery, precision medicine, telemedicine, and clinical decision-making. This revolution has the potential to improve patient outcomes, enhance healthcare resources, and reduce healthcare costs. However, the widespread use of AI also faces some challenges such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, ethical and legal issues, and infrastructure limitations. Overall, AI is expected to accompany healthcare professionals rather than replace them, making it more efficient, personalized, and patient-centered healthcare systems in the future.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Malaika Khalid, Rameen Fatima, Urooj Tabassum, Hashir Umar, Ahmad Raza.
Page No : 18-20
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CRISPR CAS9: REVOLUTIONISING THE FUTURE OF GENOME EDITING
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is one of the most revolutionary genome editing tools in the field of molecular biology, biotechnology and precision medicine, given its simplicity, efficiency and unprecedented accuracy. The CRISPR-Cas9 system, an adaptive immune system of bacteria, uses a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) to guide the Cas9 endonuclease to specific DNA sequences to enable the precise double-stranded DNA cleavage which is repaired by cellular mechanisms to introduce targeted genetic modifications. This article explores the key factors and molecular mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9, including recognition, cleavage, and DNA repair. It also explores the present delivery systems, such as viral or non-viral delivery, that enable effective genome editing in a variety of biological systems. Moreover, the article discusses various other applications of CRISPR-Cas9, especially in agriculture and functional genomics. However, some problems exist in Good Manufacturing Practices, such as off-target mutation, delivery problems, immunogenicity, and ethical concerns in human genome editing, which are still significant obstacles. Both technological development and responsible regulation are required to ensure that CRISPR-Cas9 is applied safely, accurately, and clinically in the future to realize its potential for biomedical and agricultural innovation.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Sarah Malik, Nabia Nazar, Muhammad Talha Aziz, Waseem Sabir, Maryam Amjad, Jahangeer Yousaf .
Page No : 21-22
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THE ONE HEALTH APPROACH TO ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Abstract
One Health is concerned with challenges regarding health risks and the prevention of zoonotic disease transmission. The transmission of diseases from one species to another results in zoonoses. One Health focuses on the control of the emergence and re-emergence of diseases by taking preventive measures. Humans and animals live in the same environment, and they also share similar pathogens that affect them. Zoonotic diseases spread when humans and animals interact, and this is due to urbanization, which involves other factors as well. For instance, environmental change, inadequate sanitation, human encroachment into urban areas, and the clearing of natural habitats. The interaction with wildlife or domestic animals causes infectious diseases. Therefore, proper management and awareness among people mitigate the effects of diseases. One Health approach is crucial as it assists in strategies to handle the threats to health and how to be prepared enough at that time to handle infectious disease outbreaks, and which preventive measures should be taken at that time. With proper coordination among society and sharing data, information enhances the impact of surveillance, whether the disease is acute or chronic, or it is transmitted from which species, and affects individuals and prevents the outbreak of the disease.
