| 1 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No :
|
Tick Borne Pathogens
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens include a diverse array of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, with Lyme disease, spotted fevers, and tick-borne encephalitis among the most significant. Their incidence is rising globally due to environmental changes and improved detection. Co-infections and the emergence of new pathogens present ongoing challenges for public health, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and research.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No :
|
How does Toxoplasma gondii influence appetite and eating behaviors linked to obesity
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii might affect appetite and food consumption through neurobehavioral pathways that lead to greater impulsivity and reward-driven behaviors, resulting in worsened dietary habits and increased consumption of food, putting one at risk for obesity. The socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities might increase the risk of these effects in specific groups of populations. This article aimed to know the relation between toxoplasmosis and obesity.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha.
Page No :
|
Toxoplasmosis and Hemodialysis: Unveiling the Hidden Threat to Immunocompromised Patients
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic infection; it is spread by blood circulation and reaches several vital organs. This article aimed to know the effects of toxoplasmosis among patients under hemodialysis. It seems toxoplasmosis is more common among patients under hemodialysis. Therefore, periodic screening and monitoring are needed to reduce the effects of toxoplasmosis during hemodialysis.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha.
Page No :
|
Canned Food and Your Health: Potential Dangers and Safety Tips
Abstract
Canned foods are definitely super convenient, but are they actually healthy? Does the canning process end up destroying the nutrients in the food? Could the packaging contain harmful chemicals, and if it does, is there a way to steer clear of them? Plus, how long is it really safe to keep those canned goods sitting on your pantry shelf? This article is here to give you the real scoop on canned foods. This article made us wonder how dangerous consuming canned food is.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Abu Bakar Saleem, Mubasher Hussain, Ghulam Muhammad, Qasim Ghaffar, Ahmad Raza.
Page No : 1-2
|
Beyond the Fever: Understanding the True Face of PPR in Goats and Sheep
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants is a highly contagious and economically significant viral disease. It is prevalent in most countries and is classified as a high-priority disease in GF-TADs. PPRV belongs to the morbillivirus genus, which causes PPR. This virus affects the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and lymphatic system. High fever, serous nasal and ocular discharge, oral lesions, and diarrhea are the typical symptoms of the disease. It is primarily the disease of small ruminants. It spreads through direct as well as indirect contact. ELISA and RT-PCR are the primary methods to diagnose the PPR. It is closely related to the rinderpest virus, and other diseases having comparable symptoms are differently diagnosed. The best way to control the disease is through vaccination and proper management practices. There is no specific treatment for this disease because it is a viral disease. However, symptomatic and supportive care can be recommended.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Tahseen Javaid, Sundas Akram, Hina Bashir, Urwah, Zubair Nawaz.
Page No : 3-4
|
Plant-Based Nanoemulsions: A Sustainable Approach Against Aedes aegypti
Abstract
Aedes aegypti which is the major vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever has been a great challenge to the world as far as public health is concerned. The habitual approach of eliminating mosquitoes with the help of synthetic chemicals, i.e., vector control strategies, has provoked a growing resistance by the mosquito population and environmental deterioration. To tackle this, phytochemicals have been found as a potential alternative since it is bioactive products, can easily be biodegraded and make it eco-friendly. These natural substances alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and essential oils are very strong larvicide, pupicide, ovicide, and insecticide targeting A. aegypti. phytochemicals have been further enriched with efficacy, extended stability and delivery due to the more recent development of formulation technologies such as nano emulsions. This paper puts emphasis on the mode of action, primary plant sources as well as the potential of phytochemicals-based approaches as sustainable and environment friendly agents of integrated mosquito control.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Zubair Nawaz, Tahseen Javaid, Maheen Talib, Sundas Akram, Sameen Talib.
Page No : 5-6
|
Role of Tree Hole Mosquitoes in the Transmission Dynamics of Arboviruses
Abstract
Over 80% of the world population is in jeopardy to a vector-borne diseases caused by mosquito. The mosquitoes susceptible to the transmission of arboviruses are mostly the tree hole mosquitoes. The main species include Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Mosquitoes, adaptable to forests and urban areas, play a crucial role in the propagation and dissemination of arboviruses like dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Tree hole mosquitoes transmit the virus vertically and horizontally, while environmental factors like temperature, moisture, and rainfall affect their population distribution. These vectors contribute to the disease cycle in humans and enzootic transmission, increasing public health risks. Tree hole mosquitoes pose a significant threat to vector control programs due to their ecological adaptability and contribution to virus maintenance. This paper indicates the transmission pathways and control of the tree hole mosquitoes and highlights these issues on the global burden of the arboviral diseases and the need to have integrated vector management strategies.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Tahseen Javaid, Zubair Nawaz, Maheen Talib, Hina Bashir, Sundas Akram.
Page No : 7-8
|
Dose-Dependent Bioaccumulation of Water-Borne Pesticides (Bifenthrin, Chlorpyrifos, and Endosulfan) in Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass Carp)
Abstract
The extensive use of agricultural pesticides poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, with fish being among the most vulnerable organisms due to their constant exposure to contaminated water bodies. This article investigates the dose-dependent bioaccumulation of three widely used pesticides chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin, and endosulfan in the freshwater fish species Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp). These pesticides, commonly detected in agricultural runoff, differ in their chemical properties and persistence, leading to varied accumulation patterns in fish tissues. Research indicates that bioaccumulation in lipid-rich tissues like the liver and muscles increases with exposure concentration and duration. Chlorpyrifos exhibited rapid uptake with notable neurotoxic symptoms, while endosulfan demonstrated high persistence and potential for endocrine disruption. Bifenthrin, though used in smaller quantities, showed strong bioaccumulation and behavioral alterations. The study emphasizes the ecological risks associated with chronic, low-dose exposures and highlights the need for constant monitoring, eco-friendly pest control strategies, and awareness to mitigate pesticide infiltration into aquatic food chains
| 9 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael.
Page No : 10-11
|
The Silent Spread: Hidden Hepatitis—A Deeper Look
Abstract
Viral hepatitis continues to pose a formidable global health challenge, largely due to its silent, hidden nature. The majority of people living with hepatitis B or C are unaware of their infection, enabling the viruses to spread quietly and cause progressive liver damage over years before detection. Recent developments and data highlight just how deep the “silent spread” runs and its far-reaching societal impact. This article aimed to know more about the viral hepatitis and how can you protect you and your family members from it.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Ahmad Nadeem, Qalab Abbas, Anam Tariq.
Page No : 13-14
|
Rust Diseases of Wheat: A Threat to Global Food Security
Abstract
Wheat is a vital food crop globally, but its productivity is severely threatened by rust diseases caused by Puccinia species. The three major types are stem rust (Puccinia. graminis tritici), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), and leaf rust (P. triticina), which affect different plant parts through a complex life cycle, and develop under distinct environmental conditions. These fungal diseases reduce yield and grain quality, impacting global food security. Historical evidence and recent outbreaks highlight their persistent danger. The main approach to managing rust diseases involves breeding wheat varieties with Sr, Yr, and Lr resistance genes. However, the emergence of new pathogen races and genetic erosion pose ongoing challenges. Sustainable management requires integrating resistant varieties with agronomic practices, modern breeding, and disease monitoring.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Aqsa Shahid .
Page No : 15-16
|
Neuroplasticity and its role in Learning and recovery after brain injury
Abstract
The study aimed to understand the role of neuroplasticity in learning and recovery following brain injury, with an emphasis on how brain reorganises itself to make up for lost function. Neuroplasticity is brain’s capacity to generate new neural connections is essential for learning new skills as well as recovery from brain injury. The study covered various forms neuroplasticity including synaptic, structural, and functional plasticity and how these processes develop the basis of cognitive flexibility and functional recovery. Findings indicated that neuroplasticity allows functional compensation after brain injury like stroke and traumatic brain injury, and synaptic plasticity was helped accountable for strengthening neural connections. Rehabilitations strategies, including physical exercises, neurostimulation, and cognitive therapies, were identified to enhance neuroplastic changes, optimising recovery outcomes.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Danish, Ruqayyah Moiz, Ahmad Raza, Ansa Hassan, Saqlain Shabbir, Nouman Tariq.
Page No : 17-18
|
Foot and mouth disease pathogenesis and its impact on animal health and production
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease of ruminants and produces great financial loss due to low animal productivity, trade restrictions, and great challenges for its control. Its etiological agent is foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), which is a positive-sense ssRNA virus and associated with genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae. It has seven serotypes that have antigenic differences. Its nucleic acid has a protein shell called a capsid, which comprises four structural viral proteins. The cellular receptor- viral capsid interaction causes FMDV’s entry into the host cell. Integrins and heterodimeric glycoproteins are the fundamental receptors for FMDV. The integrins include two subunits, alpha and beta, that help in the binding and release of RNA into the cytoplasm and change it into protein. FMDV causes the formation of vesicles in the oral cavity, tongue, lips, dental pad, soft palate, and feet. Animals face difficulty in standing and lying down, which ultimately leads to lameness. In cattle, drooling, fever, anorexia, while in young animals sudden death with myocarditis are reported. Due to secondary infection, mastitis in dairy animals is also reported, which causes great loss in milk production and requires strict control measures.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Amna Arshad, Maryam Noor, Amna Amjad, Moiza Noor, Riffat Seemab, Usva Siddique.
Page No : 19-23
|
CRISPR Gene Editing Technology in Treating Hereditary Diseases
Abstract
The CRISPR term is a short name for the term Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. It has demonstrated good therapeutic potential in altering the genetic mutations that cause genetic disorders that cannot be cured. Besides therapeutic opportunities, CRISPR can enable the generation of animal models to understand how diseases appear and progress, and, in addition to understanding the impact of new drugs. Most of the genetic diseases, such as cancer, allergies, cardiovascular diseases, viral diseases, cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, metabolic diseases, blood diseases, and eye-related diseases, can be treated through CRISPR. Pharmaceutical and treatment corporations are working on the synthesis of CRISPR treatment strategies against heritable ailments and are wary of the misdirected impacts of CRISPR, as well as its moral, political and security concerns. CRISPR is a promising technology to use in the future to treat diseases, create medicines and promote agricultural practices.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Hussain, Muhammad Ahmad, Ahmad Raza, Rabia Kanwal, Iqra Azeem.
Page No : 24-25
|
Feline Panleukopenia Virus: An Overview
Abstract
The Feline Pan-leukopenia Virus (FPV), a single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus closely related to canine parvovirus (CPV), is the cause of feline pan-leukopenia (FP), commonly referred to as distemper in cats. FP is a highly communicable and often fatal viral disease among cats. FPV spreads by the fecal-oral and oro-nasal pathways and targets cells that divide quickly in the bone marrow, intestinal crypts, and lymphoid organs. With mortality rates ranging from 25% to 100%, especially in per-acute cases, kittens younger than a year are the most vulnerable. Clinical manifestations include anemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, and scerebellar hypoplasia in the newborn. Death is frequently caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, dehydration, and secondary bacterial infections. Standard ELISA and serology tests have poor sensitivity and specificity; therefore, molecular assays and hem-agglutination inhibition tests are typically used for diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is supportive care, which includes blood transfusions in extreme cases, maintaining electrolyte balance, rehydration, and antibiotics to prevent subsequent infections.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Hamza Naeem, Arshan Shafqat, Zohaib Saeed.
Page No : 28-29
|
Bovine’s lactation physiology
Abstract
In bovines, lactation is a complicated physiological phenomenon that is governed by the hormones (prolactin, oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone) which coordinate the development of mammary glands, synthesis and ejection of milk. The udder, which consists of alveoli, ducts and cisterns, produces milk for approximately 305 days after parturition, and the colostrum supplies immunoglobulins that are life saving nutrients to newborns. Suckling triggers oxytocin release, which then causes milk to be discharged. It demands adequate milking frequency, nutrition and accentuate control for proper milking and then the optimum yield peaks 4-8 weeks after calving. Higher metabolic levels are needed during lactation, selective breeding and improved farming improve productivity. These mechanisms of hormonal and structural activities are very important in effective management of dairy and sustainable milk production
| 16 |
Author(s):
Maryam Naeem, Rubab Hussain Awan, Muhammad Shahzaib Ashfaq, Rubab Raheem, Esha Eman, Muhammad Shoaib Maqbool.
Page No : 30-31
|
Understanding Antimicrobial Resistance: A Big Global Health Challenge
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge that threats to human and animal health in every possible way. Nowadays, due to antimicrobial resistance many modern therapies are at danger and routine hospital procedures like surgery, chemotherapy and organ transplantation are at risk because these procedures rely heavily on the use of antibiotics. Main causes of antimicrobial resistance are misuse and overuse of antibiotics, self-medication, over-prescription, undiagnosed infections and finally low-quality medicines. Other factors that contribute to antimicrobial resistance include poor sanitation and hygiene practices, and various environmental factors. Many world organizations are trying to combat antimicrobial resistance as this is a major threat to human health, economy and food security. One-Health approach is being used to control antimicrobial resistance because according to this approach human, animals and environment are all interconnected. In this article, we will put light on the AMR, how it is develope and its global impact.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Tahseen Javaid, Hina Bashir, Maheen Talib, Misbah Batool, Fakhar-Ur-Rasool-Arbi.
Page No : 32-33
|
Sustainable Production of Bioplastics Using Fish Waste: Extraction and Utilization
Abstract
The growing environmental cost of the petroleum-derived plastics has made the renewed search of environmentally-friendly alternatives more vigorous, and bioplastics became a major alternative. This paper seeks to discuss the possibility of adapting one of the most common and highly needed waste products of seafood industry, fish waste, in bioplastic manufacture as a sustainable raw material resource. Fish waste, especially those that have high protein sources (including collagen and gelatin) in their composition are some of the best sources of feedstock in food biopolymers extraction. The study aims at the extraction process of these proteins by a process which is environmentally modulated and manufacturing of these proteins into useful bioplastics which have desired mechanical as well as biodegradable properties. The resultant products were bio-plastics which were characterized on their physicochemical, thermal, and morphological properties which showed potential uses in packaging and agriculture films. Such a solution not only tackles challenges of plastic pollution and fish waste management but also the development of a cyclical bioeconomy. As demonstrated in the study, there is the possibility and environmental advantage of incorporating the valorization of fish waste in the recycling of bioplastic production systems and processes.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Rida sarwar, Alishbah Roobi, Noreen Aslam, Hina Pervaiz .
Page No : 34-36
|
Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system neurodegenerative and autoimmune demyelinating disease that is the main cause of nontraumatic neurological impairment in young adults. Worldwide, the prevalence of MS is rising, as are the disease's socioeconomic consequences. Diseases such as childhood obesity, smoking, poor vitamin D levels, and Epstein-Barr virus infection are linked with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis, according to the epidemiology of the disease. A multimodal strategy is required to treat, manage, and successfully control acute attacks and progressing illness. Many people now have a better long-term outlook thanks to advancements in treatment for all types of MS, particularly relapse MS. In order to recognize the crucial role B cells play in pathogenesis, our understanding of MS immunological pathology is still evolving from a mostly T-cell-mediated perspective. Higher-efficacy drugs are now advised for adherence and tolerance in individuals with early disease since physicians are using them as first-line treatments before irreversible harm is evident.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Anas Khan, Muhammad Nadeem, Abid Ali, Muhammad Usman, Ahmed Nawaz, Maryam Ashfaq.
Page No : 37-38
|
Role of Beneficial Insects in Sustainable Agriculture
Abstract
Nature is used as a system of beneficial insects that cannot be ignored in sustainable agriculture because of the vital ecosystem services that it offers, such as nutrient recycling, soil enrichment, biological control of pests, and pollination. Such insects may be parasitoids, pollinators, predators, and decomposers, and are useful in enhancing the health of the soils, boosting agricultural production, and reducing the use of artificial chemicals. Despite their relevance, beneficial insects face various challenges that include the shrinkage of their habitats, the use of pesticides, and current climate change. the population and effectiveness of beneficial insects are vital to encourage through IPM practices and conservation, and through the use of the agricultural extension services. Cultivation of auspicious insects promotes ecosystem alignment, which maintains the productivity of agrarian produce in addition to the well-being of the surroundings and biodiversity.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Amna Qamar.
Page No : 39-40
|
Advancing Gene Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Breakthroughs, and Global Integration
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a genetic problem that occurs due to a change in the HBB gene, leading to misshapen red blood cells and faulty hemoglobin. Current treatments help control pain and complications but don't completely cure the disease. New developments in gene therapy, using techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 and lentiviral vectors, are offering a potential solution by fixing the problematic gene. A therapy called Casgevy, proven effective in clinical trials by reducing hospital visits and crisis episodes, is one example. However, challenges, such as high costs, scarce access in low-resource regions, and safety and efficacy concerns, must be addressed before widespread use. Still, gene therapy gives hope for a lasting cure for sickle cell disease, possibly improving the lives of affected individuals and revolutionizing genetic disease treatment.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Laraib Nisar, Fatima, Muhammad Shoaib Maqbool, Haseeb Ahmed.
Page No : 41-42
|
Parabiotic and Postbiotic in Veterinary Medicine: Emerging Opportunities for Disease Prevention and Treatment
Abstract
Parabiotics are defined as the inactivated microbial cells of probiotics, whether intact or ruptured, while postbiotics are the metabolic byproducts or fermentation outputs created by probiotics. Certain bacterial species use various methods to manufacture these compounds, and any modification in culturing methods could also affect the chemical composition of postbiotics. These products offer health advantages, such as functioning as antibiotics, immune-stimulating agents, and anti-inflammatory drugs. They are also effective in helping combat antibiotic resistance. These substances can be used to enhance the gut microbiota of many animal species and may have veterinary applications. Such biotics are included in animal feeds for reasons including improving gut health, enhancing nutrient utilization, supporting immune function, and removing foodborne pathogens, all of which benefit animal health and productivity. In recent years, consumer interest has grown in the sustainability of animal farming. In this article, the importance, mechanisms, and applications of parabiotic and postbiotic in prevention and treatment in veterinary medicine are discussed.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Mazhar Fareed, Muhammad Safi Ullah, Azhar Fareed, Fazal Fareed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shoaib Maqbool.
Page No : 43-45
|
The role of Artificial Intelligence in Veterinary Medicine: Revolutionizing Animal Healthcare
Abstract
There are a lot of changes artificial intelligence is bringing to the practice of veterinary medicine, it opens up an opportunity to diagnose, treat, and take care of animals more efficiently. With the help of such tools as machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and natural language processing, AI might assist veterinarians in detecting illness at an earlier stage, correctly interpret the imagery, and monitor the health of animals 24/7. These technologies are coming in handy in all aspects of pet care including pet care, livestock management and wild animal conservation. On the one hand, the advantages are obvious: they increase efficiency, make the better use of resources, and positively impact the welfare of the animals. On the other hand, the obstacles still exist, which include the lack of data, insufficiency of infrastructure, and animal welfare issues. To overcome these issues, it will be necessary to further train the veterinary professionals, collaborate more closely with the developers of cognitive computing, and have more sturdy datasets. Going forward, the work of AI will be focused on a strong support role and not a replacement of the veterinarian; the AI will assist in providing more accurate, timely, and humane care.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Zain, Zuha Hafeez*, Muhammad Wasif Ali.
Page No : 46-47
|
Asymptomatic CCHF in Livestock: Bridging the Detection Gap Through Veterinary Surveillance Strategies
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease that poses serious health risks, especially in areas where livestock farming is common. Although human cases with symptoms are extensively reported, the occurrence of asymptomatic infections in animals is an overlooked area in CCHF research. These animals can unknowingly harbor the virus, contributing to its spread through tick vectors or direct human exposure to infected tissues. This piece highlights the difficulties in identifying these silent infections in livestock and recommends improved veterinary monitoring methods to reduce the risk of animal-to-human transmission.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Ayesha Waris, Alishbah Roobi1, Noreen Aslam, Hina Pervaiz, Aqsa Shahid, Rida Sarwar.
Page No : 48-50
|
Hypoxia Induced Brain Dysfunction
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced brain dysfunction is a serious condition resulting from insufficient oxygen delivery to the brain, leading to diverse neurological abnormalities. Common causes include cardiovascular events, respiratory disorders, and high-altitude exposure. Both acute and chronic hypoxia trigger mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which disrupt neurotransmission, cause synaptic dysfunction, and promote neuronal death. Even slight reductions in oxygen levels can significantly affect cognitive, behavioral, and physiological processes, as the brain consumes nearly 20% of the body’s oxygen. The pathogenesis involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, ultimately impairing brain function. Clinically, hypoxia may manifest as cognitive deficits, altered consciousness, or motor dysfunction, with severity depending on duration and intensity. Current therapeutic strategies focus on neuroprotection, oxygen restoration, and rehabilitation, while emerging approaches—such as non-invasive brain stimulation and mitochondrial-targeted drugs—offer promise. Understanding hypoxia’s mechanisms is essential for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions to improve outcomes.
| 25 |
Author(s):
Umm ul Khair, Muhammad Shoaib Maqbool, Farooq Aamin, Fatima, Khadija bibi, Syed faseeh ul hassan kazmi.
Page No : 51-53
|
Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles: A comprehensive Study of Green Methods and its antimicrobial potential in poultry
Abstract
Biocompatible, eco-friendly production, and effective antimicrobial properties of green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have promoted their consideration as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials. Green synthesis is used to achieve this by using natural biomolecules, microorganisms and plant extracts rather than traditional chemical synthesis, which has reduced the risk to the environment and toxicity. The main peculiarities of AuNPs are small size and high surface area with a high degree of surface reactivity that makes these nanoparticle more effective in interacting with microbial cells. It is hypothesized to be contributing to their antibacterial effect in the following processes: the rupture of cell membranes, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their ability to suppress biofilm formation, and the interference with the activities of their DNA and proteins. Their effectiveness in place of conventional antimicrobials is of value as was demonstrated in recent studies that show their success in treating resistant bacteria and fungi. It is also used in veterinary and poultry practice and has a potential to reduce incidences of antibiotic resistance, improve gut health as well as manage infectious diseases. Gold nanoparticles that are synthesized using green methodologies are therefore a novel and eco-friendly solution to combat microbial illnesses and increase human and animal health.
| 26 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Umer, Maimoona Mustafa, NasrUllah, Asad Ali, Shahab Munir, Muhammad Shaheer Mustafa.
Page No : 54-55
|
Mode of action of silver nanoparticles against insect pests
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are metallic nanoparticles synthesized through the interaction of silver nitrate with the extract of plants, microbes, and other microorganisms. AgNPs have an important role in insect pest management because they can easily pass through the protective layer of an insect's skin due to their tiny size. They can damage the cell membranes, change their shape, disrupt the process of ATP production, denaturation of enzymes, harm the process of translation (protein synthesis), and disrupt the transcription process. The effectiveness of their toxicity highly depends on the concentration of atoms or ions in them. AgNPs can strongly attach to the cell wall due to attraction between opposite charges. AgNPs have an enormous capacity to increase the insecticidal efficacy, for saving the non-target insect population, but there are also some ecological ramifications related to it. By conducting more research and putting science-based solutions into practice, the AgNPs are promised to protect biodiversity, food security, and increase crop production through targeted killing of insect pests.
| 27 |
Author(s):
Mubasher Hussain, Hafiz Wasil Sohail, Syed Abdul Mueed Sherazi, Abu Bakar Saleem, Sarah Nadeem Bhatti.
Page No : 56-57
|
Tick-Borne Zoonotic Diseases of Pakistan: A One Health approach to the control of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)
Abstract
Ticks are also important vectors of zoonotic pathogens, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most serious threat of a tick-borne disease in Pakistan. CCHF manifests endemically in various provinces of the country, and it is mainly spread by bites of the Hyalomma ticks and contact with sick livestock and exposure to infected human body fluids. Its mortality, seasonality, and the lack of approved vaccines require immediate measures. This paper is a review of the ecology, epidemiology, and control of CCHF in Pakistan, with particular focus on the One Health approach that involves integrating interventions in veterinary, human health, and environmental sectors. Pre-festival acaricide treatment, controlled slaughter practices, increased surveillance between veterinary and medicine fields, community-specific education, and health professional capacity building are recommended measures. Structural barriers, i.e., scarcity of resources, lack of regulation of movement of livestock, intersectoral coordination, and major performance measures, are outlined. Enhancing the integrated control systems can minimize CCHF in Pakistan and improve the capacity of the country to fight zoonotic diseases.
| 28 |
Author(s):
Sarah Nadeem Bhatti, Eman Zahra, Fiza Tariq, Ahmad Raza, Abu Bakar Saleem.
Page No : 58-59
|
Overview: Vitamin D Deficiency in Dogs: Insights, Health Risks, and Preventive Strategies
Abstract
Vitamin D (Vit. D) plays a vital role in canine health, particularly in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance, promoting bone mineralization, and supporting immune, cardiovascular, and neuromuscular function. Vit. D resides mostly in the diet in dogs whose skin produces negligible levels of Vit. D upon exposure to sunlight. It could occur as a result of poor dietary intake, malabsorption, disease of the liver or kidney that affects the metabolism of Vit. D, and an elevated metabolic demand. Clinical effects include skeletal disorders in advancing puppies, which include rickets and the presence of osteomalacia, muscle weakness, and secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in adults. In addition to bone health, Vitamin D Deficiency (Vit. DD) has been associated with poor immunity, heightened inflammation, and a potential connection with some chronic illnesses. Primary prevention and management require early identification with the help of dietary history, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and measuring calcium-phosphorus balance. The restoration of sufficient Vit. D status in dogs entails nutritional correction using balanced commercial diets or supplementation, together with the correction of nutritional causes.
| 29 |
Author(s):
Eman Zahra, Sarah Nadeem Bhatti, Fiza Tariq, Rubab Zahra, Hoorab Sattar.
Page No : 60-61
|
Overview: The Impact of Canine Parvovirus on Canine Health and Veterinary Practices
Abstract
Despite the widespread vaccination efforts, Canine parvovirus (CPV) continues to be a significant contributor to infectious diseases and a leading cause of canine mortality, especially in young dogs. The current review contains a report on the types of CPV vaccines and procedures of vaccination. The absence of studies that reproduce the viral infection in companion animals and give insight into the underlying reproduction number has slowed down the establishment of CPV preventive methods. Also discussed are the latest discoveries in pathophysiology; the causes and the mechanism of the virus, the development of antiviral drugs, and outlooks of preventing and controlling CPV are given in areas applying the ethic of One Health. The processes of surveillance of viral changes, a faster establishment of new vaccines, and further study on the mechanism of pathogenicity need to be enhanced.
| 30 |
Author(s):
Ibrahim Zahid, Muhammad Ahmad Afzal, Nouman Tariq, Muhammad Hassan, Mariyam Ijaz, Muhammad Asad Ashraf .
Page No : 62-63
|
Application of Artificial Intelligence and Marketing in Animal Nutrition and Feed
Abstract
This article analyzes how artificial intelligence (AI) techniques help farmers detect diseases at the early stages and also help them provide accurate diets tailored to their breed, behavioral, emotional needs, and age. AI techniques, machine learning (ML), deep learning, and computer vision (CV) have helped farmers predict diseases and diet. Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) has been proven to be the best for predicting age and diseases because it excels at analyzing images and videos. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IOT) has been proven to be the best for collecting and processing animal data. Also, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has proved to be very helpful because it can accurately suggest to farmers how a significant change in diet can affect the animals' growth or health. Marketing trends revolving around animal nutrition and farms, along with their market statistics and future goals, are also discussed in the paper. So, AI is helping farmers not just today, but will also help them in the future to increase efficiency in animal farming. Modern AI will be essential for animal farms to boost growth and production.
| 31 |
Author(s):
Mariam Khalid, Muhammad Shoaib Maqbool, Umul Baneen.
Page No : 64-65
|
Brucellosis: Role in infertility and pregnancy loss
Abstract
Brucellosis is a serious zoonotic disease posing a threat to animal welfare and causing huge economic losses since ancient times. Brucellosis transmission to humans through ingesting contaminated animal products or direct contact. Clinical manifestations include fever, fatigue, joint pain, myalgia, arthralgia, weight loss, endocarditis and neurological disorder. Abortion in the last trimester is the major sign of brucellosis. Diagnosis can be done by clinical signs, blood cultures, serological examinations and molecular approaches. Common risk factors include raw milk consumption, unhygienic slaughter of livestock, budgetary limitations and misdiagnosis. This article reviews current evidence on mechanism, epidemiology and clinical implications of brucellosis related pregnancy loss.
| 32 |
Author(s):
Umul Baneen, Muhammad Shoaib Maqbool, Mariam Khalid, , Umair Ahmed.
Page No : 66-67
|
Pet Vaccination: A Critical Tool in Preventing Zoonotic Diseases and Enhancing Public Health
Abstract
Pet vaccination represents one of the most effective strategies for protecting both animal and human health. With more than 60% of human infectious diseases being zoonotic in origin, pets act as potential reservoirs of pathogens that can transmit the infectious diseases to the human and other animals. Vaccination not only prevents fatal diseases such as rabies but also reduces antimicrobial resistance by limiting the need for antibiotic which is the main problem for both human and animals. Despite clear evidence of its importance, challenges such as vaccine hesitancy, limited access, and misconceptions persist. This article reviews the importance of pet vaccination in controlling zoonotic diseases, highlights case examples such as rabies eradication efforts, addresses misconceptions, and highlight the role of veterinary guidance in ensuring comprehensive preventive healthcare. Strengthening vaccination programs globally, especially in resource-limited settings, is essential for achieving sustainable animal and public health under the One Health framework. Pet vaccination plays a vital role in protecting animal health and preventing zoonotic diseases that threaten humans. With rising pet ownership and closer human-animal interaction, vaccines are essential in controlling infectious diseases such as rabies and distemper. Vaccination not only safeguards pets but also reduces antibiotic use, supports public health, and contributes to the global “One Health” approach.
| 33 |
Author(s):
Saba Perveen , Samaviya , Muhammad Taha Bin Husnain, Huzaifa Ghaffar.
Page No : 68-69
|
Emerging Therapeutics for Atherosclerotic Plaque Stabilization
Abstract
Globally, one of the most significant sources of disease and death is cardiovascular disease (CVD), to which the rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques contributes greatly. Medications such as statins and antiplatelet drugs are beneficial and well-tolerated, but do not often prevent more serious consequences like heart attacks. Therefore, much of contemporary medicine has focused on developing new therapies aimed at increasing plaque stability and minimizing the risk of rupture. Some of these new approaches include anti-inflammatory agents, gene therapies, novel drugs, and those based on nanomedicine. To be effective, in addition to reducing lipid deposition, treatment must also mitigate inflammation and the dominant structural vulnerabilities of the plaques. This research examines the published literature regarding the rationale for these novel therapy approaches, elucidates the mechanisms of action, and evaluates them. This study examines these new therapy modalities, describes how they work, and evaluates the clinical evidence for their efficacy. The overall goal is to highlight interesting avenues for further research while bridging the gap between fundamental scientific research and clinical practice. These therapies have the potential to completely transform the treatment of atherosclerosis and significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events by improving the stability of pre-existing plaques and inhibiting the formation of new ones.
| 34 |
Author(s):
Waqar Ahmed, Muhammad Kasib Khan , Sundas Afresham , Abdullah Azeem .
Page No : 70-72
|
Biological Warfare and the Hidden Threat of Parasitic Pathogens
Abstract
In the field of biological warfare, parasites pose an increasingly significant but little-known threat. Weaponization is a plausible option due to their complex life cycles, environmental durability, delayed symptoms, and potential for mass transmission through food, water, or vectors. This article examines the biological traits, historical background, and particular parasite pathogens that could be abused as bioweapons, including Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, and Echinococcus spp. Response attempts are further complicated by overlapping symptoms, difficulties in early diagnosis, and a lack of available treatments. The article promotes interdisciplinary cooperation, One Health integration, and worldwide surveillance in order to prevent misuse, highlighting the significance of biosafety, biosecurity, and ethical supervision. International collaboration and responsible research are crucial for reducing the threat of parasite bioterrorism.
| 35 |
Author(s):
Mahrukh Babar.
Page No : 73-74
|
The Rise of Biodefense Pharmacology-Preparing for the Next Pandemic
Abstract
Biodefense pharmacology is a crucial field focused on developing vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics to protect against biological threats such as pandemics and bioterrorism but still faces certain constraints for implementation.
