| 1 |
Author(s):
Faiza hassan, Hina, Misbah Ijaz.
Page No :
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Use of artifical intelligance in drug discovery
Abstract
Now a days artificial intelligence become part of our life.it has vast applications ranges from digital assistance, processing of medical images and recommendation of purchasing as well asnew drug discovery. In drug discovery it helps in drug screening, chemical synthesis, designing of drug and multi-target therapy. Many methodologies of AI(Artificial Intelligence) that originally was designed for other computing purpose now use for drug discovery. Through AI algorithm it is possible to scanbountiful screening material and then to prepare novel therapeutic compounds from it by identifying potential drug targets.various expert system methods rapidly used for understanding the biological activities and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic compounds to prove that molecule is still growing. Dedicated research and extension of use of AI in many other fields will be made it beneficial for drug discovery and this field in the coming years will be best for discovery of drugs.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa.
Page No :
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Gum Disease Bacteria as a Contributing Factor to Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a condition where the brain gradually deteriorates, leading to problems with thinking and memory. Scientists have recently found a strong connection between long-term gum disease, especially infections caused by a specific bacteria called Porphyromonas gingivalis, and the development of AD. This article aimed to find if there is a relation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Alzheimer’s disease. Several studies found that this bacterium forms inflammation in the brain by triggering the brain and forming amyloid beta plaques, which damage the brain cells. Therefore, take good care of your teeth to prevent yourself from Alzheimer’s disease
| 3 |
Author(s):
Hina pervaiz, Aqsa Shahid .
Page No : 2-4
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The advantages of robotic and laparoscopic techniques in minimal invasive surgeries for cervical cancer
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains an important global health concern, predominantly in low-resource settings. As surgical techniques have improved, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has develop an option for people who don't want to have open surgery. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has changed gynaecologic oncology by giving doctors options other than traditional open surgeries. A standard radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy would be an appropriate treatment approach in early-stage cervical cancer in patients as they does not want to retain fertility. The goal of instrumental robotics is to solve specific technical issues in a function-oriented manner. Technologies such as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) offer miniature instruments with efficient duty cycles at millimetre ranges.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa, Blend Hussamuldeen Abdullah.
Page No : 6-7
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Bee Honey and Cancer: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Nature’s Sweet Medicine
Abstract
Globally, cancer was anticipated to be the primary cause of mortality and the biggest barrier to higher life expectancy in the twenty-first century. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain natural bee products can trigger cancer cell death and help slow down tumor growth and the spread of cancer cells. Therefore, we want this article to focus on the use of bee honey as a natural medicine for cancer. It is found that honey shows significant promise both for preventing cancer and as a treatment.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Fatima, Maria Anjum, Muhammad Hamza Ibrahim, Muhammad Rafiq, Ali Raza.
Page No : 8-9
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AI Farming Detecting Pests & Weeds
Abstract
Global crop output is severely hampered by pests and weeds, which frequently result in significant yield losses and a growing need for chemical control methods. Conventional monitoring techniques require a significant amount of time and effort, often resulting in the detection of infestations too late, which can lead to extensive damage and the overuse of pesticides. New developments in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) offer creative ways to identify, monitor, and forecast insect and weed outbreaks early. While deep learning and convolutional and neural networks allow for accurate image-based identification of pest and weed species, neural networks and decision tree predictive models predict insect population dynamics with high accuracy. in addition to increasing accuracy, these technologies optimize the use of herbicides, fertilizers, and water, which lower expenses and encourages sustainable farming. Despite ongoing obstacles including data unpredictability, acceptance hurdles, and technological constraints, interoperating AI and ML into agriculture has enormous potential for intelligent, environmentally friendly crop protection.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Moiza Noor, Madiha Sarfraz, Zarnab Safdar, Saba Mushtaq.
Page No : 10-11
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The Role of the Complement System in the Pathogenesis of Infectious and Autoimmune Diseases
Abstract
As a rapid and tightly controlled defense mechanism, the complement system is a crucial component of innate immunity that also links to adaptive responses. Through three activation pathways—classical, lectin, and alternative pathways—it facilitates pathogen detection, opsonization, and lysis. These pathways culminate at C3 activation and result in the creation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The complement is necessary for host defense, but it can also lead to immunopathology. It aids in the removal of germs and viruses from the body, but it can also harm tissue, as in the cases of tuberculosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and viral infections like West Nile and dengue. Unchecked activation contributes to organ destruction and inflammation in autoimmune diseases. Henoch-Schönlein purpura and IgA nephropathy are related to alternative and lectin pathways, ANCA-associated vasculitides depend on alternative pathway-driven C5a signaling, and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis involves the activation of traditional pathways. New treatments that target complement activation to prevent tissue damage while maintaining host defense have been constructed as a result of the two different functions of complement.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Sukaina Hussain, Zoha Nasir, Esha Nadeem, Ali Raza, Misbah Batool.
Page No : 12-13
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Dengue mosquito breeding places: A public health concern
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most widespread arthropod-borne viral disease affecting humans. The virus comprises four distinct serotypes, each capable of producing clinically manifestations. The disease spectrum ranges from mild febrile illness to severe and potentially fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever. Mosquito breeding habitats have expanded as a result of unplanned urbanization and rapid population growth, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is thought that both host and viral factors affect the disease symptoms experienced by each affected individual. It is essential to understand how it affects morbidity, mortality, and medical care. Early identification and suspicion of DF in primary care may reduce issues if managed properly. We must understand the scope of the problem, including how it spreads, presents clinically, is identified, treated, and avoided. Systematic surveillance of dengue mosquito breeding sites is critical for effective vector control. This paper indicates a focus on dengue mosquitoes, their breeding environments, and the approaches adopted for their management.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Fathima Jazeela, Bushra Sadia, Amara Zafar, Rabia Ameen, Esha Rauf, Afnan Sajjad.
Page No : 14-15
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Recent Advances in Genetic Improvement of Sorghum for Salt Tolerance
Abstract
Soil salinity is a growing global challenge that significantly affects the crop Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Sorghum is a vital C4 cereal crop known for its resilience to abiotic stresses. While sorghum displays moderate salt tolerance, yield losses under high salinity necessitate genetic improvement. However, traditional breeding methods are time-consuming and often insufficient in enhancing stress resilience. This review explores recent advances in enhancing sorghum's salt tolerance through biotechnological approaches such as genetic engineering, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and omics technologies. Key breakthroughs include the use of stress-responsive genes like AtNHX1 and SOS1, and the integration of molecular markers and QTL mapping to accelerate breeding programs. Though promising, challenges remain in transformation efficiency, regulatory hurdles, and public perception. Future of sorghum depends on incorporating biotechnology, omics data, and collaborative efforts that will be helpful in developing high-yielding, salt-resilient sorghum cultivars for sustainable agriculture in the future.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Shaina Ilyas, Nouman Tariq.
Page No : 16-17
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Canine Distemper Virus: Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Advances, Therapeutic Approach and Future Prospects
Abstract
Canine distemper virus is a fatal and highly contagious virus of the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus, that affects the respiratory, digestive, and neurological systems of canines. CDV is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus affecting multiple organs. Like other viruses, this virus attaches to the host and starts replication, with the chances of occurrence in immunocompromised or unvaccinated individuals. Spreading is mainly through aerosol droplets, initially replicating in lymphoid tissue, before binding to SLAM receptors. Within a few days, it causes viremia and disseminates to multiple organ systems, like the respiratory, nervous, and digestive systems. Major signs and symptoms include footpad hyperkeratosis, coughing, mucopurulent nasal discharge, tachypnea, diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, ataxia, nystagmus, and weight loss. Diagnostic techniques include serology, histopathology, antigen detection, and RT-PCR. Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent canine distemper, playing a vital role in protecting dogs' lives and ensuring their long-term health.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Aqsa shahid.
Page No : 18-19
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Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Pathophysiology & New Treatments
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality to human beings all over the world with an estimated 19.91 million deaths in 2024 and 32 percent of global mortality. Coronary artery occlusion and myocardial ischemia are caused by MI, mostly through the rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaque. MI is very prevalent in low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of access to healthcare facilities and exposure to risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and other hypertension. The prognosis of the patients has also been improved by improvement in treatment and diagnostic modalities. Older therapies such as PCI and thrombolysis continue to be very important in acute treatment, drug-eluting stents and CABG and newer therapies like stem cell and gene therapies all have potential roles in the long-term repair of the heart. The additional focus on personal approach, along with the advancement of diagnostics and imaging, is expected to contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality caused by MI and deliver improved prognoses to patients.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Asad Ashraf, Muhammad Ahmad Afzal, Mariyam Ijaz, Amna Arshad, Muhammad Naeem Zafar, Syed Muhammad Ukkasha, Ibrahim Zahid.
Page No : 20-21
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Financial Impact of Nutrition on Non-Communicable Diseases in Hospital or Other Healthcare Settings
Abstract
The food insecurity is rising high in the world. People cannot get proper nutrition because of financial problems and therefore become victim of malnutrition. Malnutrition causes many problems like non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which includes cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes and many others. It not only affects the health of the person but also the economy of the country. It has a long-lasting and bad impact on the economy of the country and act as an economic and financial burden for the country. A part of countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been used as healthcare expense which incurs because of the NCDs caused by malnutrition. If the condition remains to continue like this, then it will have a great effect on economy as the healthcare expense increases and on the health of people as well.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Shaheer Mustafa, Aiman Ejaz, Ali Sher Bhatti, Ayesha Siddiqa, Muhammad Ramzan, Badar Rasool.
Page No : 22-23
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Beneficial insects: Nature’s allies in pest reduction
Abstract
Modern agriculture is facing multiple difficulties, including climate fluctuation, an alarming increase in human population, biodiversity disruption, different pest attacks, and depletion in crop productivity. Among all of these issues, pest attack is the most challenging for farmers and agriculture itself. To uproot these pests, nature allies, beneficial insects, are the most successful and accepted method. These nature allies are categorized as predators, parasitoids, pollinators, insect vectors, and decomposers. They play a crucial role in pest regulation by directly feeding to conveying organic components to them. These insects can help in ecological as well as agricultural improvement by enhancing crop productivity and soil fertility. In this article, we may discuss the classification, their ecological and agricultural role, strategies to promote the use of beneficial insects in the field, their challenges and innovative technologies in future prospects.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Luqman Bashir, Fakhar-Ur-Rasool Arbi, Sukaina Hussain, Muhammad Aoun, Muhammad Ehtezaz Ahsan.
Page No : 24-25
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Plant Extracts as Environmentally Sustainable Mosquito Larvicides
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit the majority of life-threatening infections, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, filariasis, encephalitis, and West Nile virus infection. The Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) approach emphasizes the implementation of a variety of mosquito control measures. The continuing use of synthetic pesticides leads to the development of resistance in vector species, biological multiplication of dangerous substances in the food chain, and detrimental effects on environmental quality and non-target organisms, including human health. Pesticides generated from natural compounds found in plants offer an alternative and potential solution to these difficulties. Since antiquity, active poisonous chemicals generated from plant extracts have been employed as an alternative mosquito control strategy. These are non-toxic, readily available at reasonable rates, biodegradable, and have broad-spectrum target-specific activity against many vector mosquito species. This paper has provided an overview of the species of mosquitoes, their biology and management methods, and particularly on plant extracts for the control of mosquitoes.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Hafiz Rana Irfan Khaliq, Iqra Ishaq, Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi, Zuha Fatima.
Page No : 26-27
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Pathological Insights into Clostridium perfringens Infections in Poultry: Emerging Challenges and Control Strategies
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is another significant poultry enteric pathogen that causes necrotic enteritis, a disease that is still contributing to high economic costs and welfare issues in the poultry industry across the world. Clinical spectrum of infection is between acute gastrointestinal necrosis and lethality and milder conditions of villous atrophy, persistent inflammation and loss of growth performance. Production of toxins, especially NetB, and other virulence determinants as well as biofilm formation are of prime importance in the pathogenesis and maintenance of the diseases. The problem of antimicrobial resistance has also further complicated the situation in treatment as it is being dealt with reduced usage of antibiotics in poultry production. This review outlines the pathology of C. perfringens infections, also outlines the emergent issues such as biofilm-mediated resistance or survival, and the current and potential control evaluation provisions such as vaccination, probiotics, phytogenics, and enhanced provision of management practices. Given the need to come up with sustainable ways to reduce the effects of C. perfringens on the health and production of poultry requires a greater insight into the interaction between the pathogen, host and environment
