Author(s) :

Muhammad Asim Shehzad, Muhammad Usama Bajwa , Danish , Ayesha Nasir, Muhammad Awais Rafiq .

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The timing of puberty is important for animals in the dairy industry due to its impact on overall milk production of animal. It is influenced by factors like breed, genetics, social cues and nutrition, possibly the most important. The hypothalamus regulates puberty by controlling gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. The prepubertal phase has low GnRH pulses due to estradiol feedback. Pubertal transition involve reduction of negative feedback sensitivity hypothalamus to estradiol, ultimately triggering LH surge. Nutrition affects GnRH and LH secretion, where body weight, composition, and metabolic hormones play major roles. Micronutrients like vitamins and minerals, along with maternal nutrition, also impact puberty. Understanding these complex mechanisms can help us to optimize the dairy production and reproductive management.

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3