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Hydatid disease, caused by the parasitic infection from Echinococcus granulosus, presents significant treatment challenges due to its complex pathology and the limitations of conventional therapies. Recent advancements in nanomedicine offer promising avenues for improving both treatment and diagnosis of this condition. This article aimed at the potential applications of nanotechnology in hydatid disease management, focusing on targeted drug delivery systems and innovative diagnostic techniques. Nanoparticles, such as silver, gold, and other metal-based formulations, have demonstrated effective scolicidal properties against hydatid cyst protoscolices. Studies indicate that these nanoparticles can enhance the efficacy of drugs like albendazole while minimizing side effects by delivering therapeutic agents directly to the cysts. For instance, gold nanoparticles have shown significant destruction of protoscolices under laser irradiation, achieving up to 89.3% mortality rates in experimental settings. In addition to therapeutic applications, nanoparticles are being developed to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of hydatid disease. These sensors leverage the unique properties of nanomaterials to detect cysts non-invasively, potentially revolutionizing current diagnostic methods. Despite these advancements, challenges such as biodistribution, toxicity, and resistance remain obstacles that require further investigation. Nonetheless, integrations nanotechnology into hydatid disease management holds promise for enhancing treatment efficacy and improving patient outcomes in the future.
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