Author(s) :

Muhammad Ali Hasnain Shah, Zubair Azhar Nomi, Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Tahir, Shahid Ali Rajput.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Dairy farming has remarkably evolved since the Europeans introduced it in the 15th century due to its transformation from natural grazing systems to technologically advanced operations. In the early stages, dairy cows were grazed on natural pastures and after the 1960s the milk yield was significantly boosted by advancements in management practices, supplementary feeding, and selective breeding. By the 1980s, innovations like improved nutritional standards and roughage quality drove milk production. In the United States between 1993 and 2002, genetic advancements accounted for a 55% increase in milk yield per cow and underscored the critical role of selective breeding in dairy farming. Beyond conventional methods, genetic engineering offers promising avenues to enhance milk composition and yield by addressing consumer demands and profitability for producers. Technologies such as DNA recombination and marker-assisted selection are instrumental in producing transgenic animals with altered milk properties including reduced fat content for health-conscious consumers. These scientific breakthroughs combined with modern genome editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 signify a new era in dairy farming.

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