Author(s) :

Reesha Shahid, Sana Parveen, Javeria Naeem.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

This review article examines the emergence and impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in dairy microorganisms, with a focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae and other significant pathogens in dairy environments. AMR poses a serious threat to public health, complicating the treatment of infections and increasing the risks of disease spread, severe illness, and mortality. The review explores the mechanisms through which bacteria acquire resistance, including enzymatic degradation, protein modification, and altered membrane permeability. A particular emphasis is placed on the rising resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to essential antibiotics, such as carbapenems, and the need for innovative detection techniques to identify resistant strains. Factors contributing to AMR in dairy, including the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials, are discussed, alongside global efforts to promote responsible antimicrobial use through initiatives by organizations like the WHO, FAO, and OIE. Public health hazards associated with AMR in dairy farming, such as zoonotic diseases, foodborne infections, and occupational risks, are also considered. The review highlights the importance of strategic planning, education, and research to develop effective antimicrobial stewardship practices, ensuring the sustainable growth of the dairy industry while mitigating public health risks.

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