Author(s) :

Ume Salma, Shazba Aziz, Abu Talib, Tasawar Iqbal, Nadeem Ahmed, Sidra Altaf.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Targeted drug delivery system development revolutionized modern therapeutics, with nanoparticles at the forefront as agents improving drug efficacy with minimal side effects. This review will examine the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles that allow their application in drug delivery, particularly regarding their ability to take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect in diseased tissues. It throws light on different types of nanoparticles, namely, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and metal-based NPs for their efficacy in anticancer therapy, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and infections. Drug delivery mechanisms have been divided into passively and actively targeted drug delivery and reviewed cellular uptake pathways by which they attain precise localization. The toxicity and regulatory challenges affecting the clinical applications have also been discussed which has given a lot of emphasis on the need for continuous research and innovation. It thus emphasizes the fields where nanomedicine may change treatment outlooks by providing more efficient and targeted therapies.

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