Author(s) :

Tayyab Zahid, Adil Munir, Mariyam Falk , Muhammad Muazim , Muhammad Umair , Sofia Qasim.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The most hazardous heavy metals that are known to be continually released into the environment are cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). These metals are released through natural processes, the manufacture of artificial fertilizers, industrial processes, and the disposal of waste. Due to continuous exposure to heavy metals, chickens bioaccumulate As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in a variety of organs, primarily the liver, kidneys, reproductive organs, and lungs. The histological changes seen in the liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs are negatively correlated with serum biochemical markers and enzyme activity. The toxicity of metals is dependent on the route of exposure, length of exposure, and absorbed dosage (acute or chronic).

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