Author(s) :

Ahmad Raza, AHMAD RAZA AHMAD RAZA, Ayesha Quddus, Aneela Hussain, Abdul Raheem, Muhammad Zaid Khalil.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Norovirus (NoV) is an enteric non-enveloped virus causing gastroenteritis across all age groups. Forty percent (40%) of all NoV outbreaks occur in long-term and acute-care facilities. Nosocomial settings set ideal environments for the transmission of NoV. It is transmitted by fecal-oral route by consumption of raw oysters and clams. Infection consequences in asymptomatic cases or gastrointestinal (GIT) sickness. Due to rapid modification, NoV divides into ten (10) genotypes and forty-nine (49) genotypes depending upon the complete amino acid sequencing of VP1 (viral protein) capsid protein and incomplete sequencing of RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase), respectively. The most important genotypes that lead to gastroenteritis in humans comprise GI-1 (infectious genotype 1) and GII-4 (infectious genotype 4). There are no fixed preventive measures and vaccines averse to NoV. Some regular implementations are utilized against it such as hand sanitization.

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