Author(s) :

Maria Kanwal.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The fields of genomics, genetics, and molecular biology are at a crossroads. Thanks to the convergence of advanced techniques and collected knowledge, it is now feasible and very advantageous to edit individual base pairs or segments of DNA in cells and living organisms. When it comes to gene editing and regulation, CRISPR has proven to be a better option than zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN). CRISPR-Cas9 employs the same protein for multiple gene targets, unlike ZFN and TALEN, where the protein needs to be modified for each target. Modification of a brief guide RNA sequence is sufficient to trigger site-specific cleavage. Bioengineering applications have been greatly expanded by multiplexed CRISPR technologies, which involve the production of multiple gRNAs or Cas enzymes concurrently. The extent and efficiency of transcriptional control and genetic editing have been significantly increased by this method. Recent advances in machine learning models and empirical scoring methods have improved off-target prediction and sgRNA design.

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