Author(s) :

Ayesha Imran, Muqadas Ilyas, Adnan Ihsan , Nazia Ibrahim, Nadia Nazish .

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a highly infectious viral pathogen that affects koi carp and common carp leading to severe economic losses and posing significant threats to aquaculture and food security in Pakistan. The virus spreads in warmer water conditions and causes high mortality rates in both ornamental koi and food fish severely impacting fish farmers and traders. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the symptoms, economic impact and control measures related to KHV focusing on its effects in Pakistan. Infected fish exhibit lethargy, respiratory distress, skin lesions and high mortality within days leading to outbreaks that wipe out entire populations. The economic losses are felt acutely in the ornamental fish trade where koi are a high-value product and in common carp farming which plays a crucial role in providing affordable protein. The implications for food security as KHV-induced shortages determination fish prices reducing access to essential protein for low-income populations. Control measures such as strict biosecurity protocols and quarantine early detection and ongoing research into vaccines are necessary to mitigate the impact of KHV and ensure the sustainability of Pakistan’s aquaculture industry.

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