Author(s) :

Maira Ashfaq, Muhammad Tayyab, Muhammad Usman, Saqlain Qadir, Baseer Ahmad.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. However, innovations in cancer treatment have improved outcomes for certain cancers including Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer and overall mortality rates have not significantly decreased. Environmental changes and primary prevention by lifestyle are the most cost-effective strategies to reduce cancer risk. The World Health Organization’s Comparative Risk Assessment and the World Cancer Research Fund have highlighted key preventable causes like smoking, poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity, and their role in increasing cancer risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, reducing alcohol intake, and engaging in regular physical activity are essential for reducing the risk of cancers, particularly breast cancer. Furthermore, behavioral changes and effective screening programs have contributed to a reduction in specific cancer rates. Additionally, a healthy weight is maintained by reducing alcohol intake, and engaging in regular physical activity is essential for dropping the risk of cancers, especially breast cancer. Further research is required for a better understanding of the mechanisms linking lifestyle factors to cancer.

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