Author(s) :

Esha Nadeem, Ali Raza.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The Black Soldier Fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has rightfully emerged as a flagship species in the pursuit of a circular bioeconomy. Its larvae offer a triple-value proposition: rapid organic waste reduction, a sustainable source of protein and lipids for animal feed, and the production of a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer (frass). While extensive research has validated its efficacy at a laboratory and small-scale level, the transition to widespread industrial adoption presents a complex array of scientific, economic, and regulatory challenges. This review extension article moves beyond the established baseline to critically examine the key hurdles hindering the sector's maturation. We identify and discuss five critical frontiers: (1) the safety and regulatory landscape concerning substrate contaminants and product standardization; (2) the technological and economic bottlenecks in industrial-scale production; (3) the nutritional optimization and value-added applications of BSF products; (4) the environmental and social impact assessments required for credible lifecycle analysis; and (5) the policy frameworks and consumer acceptance needed for market integration.Advancing BSF research requires interdisciplinary efforts and collaboration among policymakers, scientists, and industry. The coming decade is likely to determine whether BSF transitions from pilot projects to mainstream solutions.

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