Author(s) :

Umer Liaqat, Muhammad Arshad1*, Muhammad Asad1, Soban Asif1 and Sundus Akram2, Dr. Muhammad Arshad, Umer Liaqat.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Lepidopterous insect pests poses a serious threat to global agriculture. Increasing insecticides resistance in insects and environmental hazards have encouraged researchers to explore more sustainable approaches. This study highlights the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) sustainable biological control agents against agricultural pests. They are obligatory insect parasites in soil. EPNs are soil-dwelling insect parasites that locate hosts through chemical cues and enter via natural openings (mouth, anus and spiracles). Once inside, they release mutualistic bacteria that kill the host within 24-72 hours, allowing the EPNs to feed, mature and reproduce for one to three generation. EPNs offer several advantages and compatibility with new chemistry insecticides, making them valuable component of pest management programs. However, factors like temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, shelf life and production cost can limit their use. This article highlights the importance of entomopathogenic nematodes, biology, application techniques and efficacy, while highlighting key limitations and research gaps. The study highlighted optimizing time and application methods and native strain selection can enhance performance.

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