Author(s) :

Wasiullah, Muhammad Adeel, Najeebullah, Fatima Zubair, Mohsin Shah.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The inflammation of the mammary gland, which is known as mastitis, continues to be among the most important and financially crippling diseases in the world in relation to dairy animals. The condition will result in low milk production, altered milk composition, and permanent damage to the udder, leading to severe economic losses for dairy farmers. It is a multifactorial disease that entails the complex interplay between pathogens, host defense mechanisms, and environmental factors. The current review is devoted to the pathogenesis, etiological factors, and prevention of bovine mastitis in detail, with reference to the difficulties and perspectives, as well as prospects in Pakistan. Pathogenesis entails the entry of bacteria via the teat canal, activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, and discharge of the inflammatory mediators, resulting in tissue damage. Some of the significant pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma bovis. The increasing issue of antimicrobial resistance and the sustainable strategies of its control are also considered in the review, as well as new methods, including vaccination, phytotherapy, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. To establish sustainable local production of dairy in Pakistan and other parts of the world, it is imperative to understand molecular processes and local epidemiology better, with an aim of introducing targeted and cost-effective mastitis control measures.

No. of Downloads :

0