Author(s) :

Mahey Nadeem1, Momina Arshad, Laiba Ikram, Aqsa Sumbal, Ayesha Batool.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Asthma is a serious global health concern that is characterized by persistent airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunological dysfunction. While conventional medications are effective, they can cause negative effects and fail to entirely treat symptoms in some patients. Nigella sativa (NS), often known as black seed, has emerged as a promising phytotherapeutic agent with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, and anti-allergic properties that are relevant to asthma pathophysiology. This review covers current molecular, preclinical, and clinical evidence (2020-2025) that show NS's potential as an adjuvant in asthma treatment. Thymoquinone, the key bioactive element, modulates Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), decreases IgE production, and improves antioxidant defense systems, all while boosting airway smooth muscle relaxation and decreasing eosinophilic infiltration. Preclinical studies show improvements in airway inflammation and remodeling markers, but limited clinical trials reveal increased lung function (FEV₁), Asthma Control Test scores, and lower FeNO and IgE levels. However, translational problems remain due to methodological heterogeneity, a lack of standardized formulations, and a scarcity of large-scale randomized controlled trials. To confirm the therapeutic role of NS in asthma, future research should focus on standardized extract characterisation, dose optimization, biomarker-integrated clinical trials, and long-term safety evaluation. Collectively, Nigella sativa shows great promise as a safe, cost-effective asthma supplemental therapy, necessitating rigorous mechanistic and clinical testing.

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