Author(s) :

Amara Zafar, Bushra Sadia, Imshal Azam, Muhammad Arslan Khalil, Areeka Batool, Saleha Tahir.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Molecular farming is a novel biotechnology employing plants as biofactories for the manufacture of vaccines and biologics. Compared with conventional means such as mammalian cell culture or microbial fermentation, plant-based systems provide lower-cost, high-throughput, and safer approaches. Expression platforms like transient expression, stable transformation, and chloroplast engineering can be used for quick, high-yield recombinant protein production. Plant-based vaccines have been promising in infectious diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and veterinary medicine, with examples such as Medicago's COVID-19 vaccine. Advantages are lower costs, decreased risk of contamination, and oral delivery possibilities through edible vaccines. Plant-based systems also offer an instant pandemic response and are environmentally friendly. Challenges such as purification complexities of proteins, regulatory challenges, and public distrust of genetically modified plants slow down widespread implementation. The problems are to be addressed by standard production, next-generation genetic tools, and regulation reform. Plant-based vaccines have the potential to become a significant player in world health with continued development, with vaccine access and equitable distribution improving.

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