Author(s) :

Shameeran Salman Ismael, Sarmad Abdullah Ajeel.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Amoebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis are enteric protozoan infections of substantial global health significance, particularly among children. These diseases are primarily transmitted via the fecal–oral route, involving the ingestion of environmentally resistant cysts or oocysts from contaminated water, food, or surfaces. Seasonality—specifically, a marked increase in incidence during summer and early autumn has been frequently observed for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in temperate regions, especially among pediatric populations. However, the mechanisms underlying these seasonal surges, involving environmental, behavioral, and epidemiological factors, remain only partially characterized in the literature.

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