Author(s) :

Muhammad Nadeem, Nasir Ahmad Khan, Anas Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Bilal, Noman.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Apis mellifera is a vital pollinator of both agricultural and wild plants. The catastrophic global drop in honey bee population in recent years has been caused by a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). The main causes are viral and fungal diseases, parasitic mites (Varroa destructor), exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides, climate change, inadequate nutrition brought on by habitat loss, the management of V. destructor, and the impact of CCD. CCD has major ecological and economic ramifications. To minimize the bee mortality and support a pollination ecosystem. The practical solutions are improved pesticide application practices, integrated pest and pollinator management, habitat restoration, and awareness programs for farmers and beekeepers. By addressing and underlying causes of CCD and putting science-based solutions into practice, the honey bee population is promised to survive, protecting biodiversity and food security.

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