Author(s) :

Saba Parveen, Muhammad Taha Bin Husnain, Aqsa Ashraf, Maria Aziz, Kashif saleem.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The vaccine is the greatest achievement of the 20th century. This review explains that innovative vaccines play a crucial role in preventing infectious and hazardous diseases. A type of virus that is used in vaccines to produce immunity which is called a Live attenuated virus. Some types of vaccines include live recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines. A live recombinant vaccine uses a weakened (attenuated) live virus or bacterium as a vector to deliver genes from another pathogen, triggering an immune response against both vector and foreign antigen. This approach combines the benefits of live attenuated vaccines (strong immune response) with the precision of recombinant technology, allowing for targeted immune responses. A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that introduces a specific DNA sequence into the body to stimulate an immune response. This DNA sequence, typically carried within a plasmid, encodes a protein antigen that immune system then recognizes and responds to. This approach differs from traditional vaccines, which often introduce weakened or inactivated pathogens or their parts. An mRNA vaccine uses messenger RNA to trigger an immune response, teaching body to recognize and fight off specific pathogens. Currently, only authorized mRNA vaccines are for COVID-19, which use mRNA to instruct cells to produce corona virus’s spike protein, enabling body to develop immunity. American academy fir Microbiology organized a colloquium in order to protect against infectious diseases such as HIV, Tuberculosis, and Shigella etc. Although vaccines that are currently available in market are approved and highly effective.

No. of Downloads :

1