Author(s) :

Muhammad Faizan, Muhammad Zaid, Maryam naz, Jaweria khan, Uswa, Ayesha Fatima.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The fungal pathogen Ustilago tritici is the source of loose smut of wheat a devastating seedborne disease that has a major impact on seed quality and wheat yield. Fungal spores infect the developing embryo during the blooming stage, resulting in an infection that is both systemic and internally concealed. Inside the seed, the fungus is dormant; when it germinates, it becomes active and grows with the growing plant. It continues the disease cycle by replacing the normal grain at heading with masses of black spores that are discharged and spread by wind. Disease spread is encouraged by favorable climatic factors, particularly high humidity and moderate temperatures during flowering. Significant production losses and decreased seed marketability are among the economic effects. Using certified disease-free seed, resistant cultivars, and above all treating seeds with systemic fungicides are essential for effective management. Implementing efficient control measures and reducing crop losses require an understanding of Ustilago tritici's life cycle and epidemiology. Significant production losses and decreased seed marketability are among the economic effects.

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