Author(s) :

Waqar Ahmed, Muhammad Kasib Khan , Sundas Afresham , Abdullah Azeem .

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

In the field of biological warfare, parasites pose an increasingly significant but little-known threat. Weaponization is a plausible option due to their complex life cycles, environmental durability, delayed symptoms, and potential for mass transmission through food, water, or vectors. This article examines the biological traits, historical background, and particular parasite pathogens that could be abused as bioweapons, including Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, and Echinococcus spp. Response attempts are further complicated by overlapping symptoms, difficulties in early diagnosis, and a lack of available treatments. The article promotes interdisciplinary cooperation, One Health integration, and worldwide surveillance in order to prevent misuse, highlighting the significance of biosafety, biosecurity, and ethical supervision. International collaboration and responsible research are crucial for reducing the threat of parasite bioterrorism.

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