Author(s) :

Muhammad Danish, Ruqayyah Moiz, Ahmad Raza, Ansa Hassan, Saqlain Shabbir, Nouman Tariq.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease of ruminants and produces great financial loss due to low animal productivity, trade restrictions, and great challenges for its control. Its etiological agent is foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), which is a positive-sense ssRNA virus and associated with genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae. It has seven serotypes that have antigenic differences. Its nucleic acid has a protein shell called a capsid, which comprises four structural viral proteins. The cellular receptor- viral capsid interaction causes FMDV’s entry into the host cell. Integrins and heterodimeric glycoproteins are the fundamental receptors for FMDV. The integrins include two subunits, alpha and beta, that help in the binding and release of RNA into the cytoplasm and change it into protein. FMDV causes the formation of vesicles in the oral cavity, tongue, lips, dental pad, soft palate, and feet. Animals face difficulty in standing and lying down, which ultimately leads to lameness. In cattle, drooling, fever, anorexia, while in young animals sudden death with myocarditis are reported. Due to secondary infection, mastitis in dairy animals is also reported, which causes great loss in milk production and requires strict control measures.

No. of Downloads :

0